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GENEALOGY  COLLECTION 


ALLEN  COUNTY  PUBLIC  LIBRARY 


^' 


3  1833  01750  5766 


GENEALOGY 

942.006 

N844 

1867, 

PT.l 


I — 


i 


N. 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES: 


iMflriura  of  5ntei«Commum'tation 


LITERARY  MEN,   GENERAL   READERS.   ETC, 


When  found,  make  a  note  of." —  Captain  Cuttle. 


THIRD      SERIES. —VOLUME     ELEVENTH. 
January — June  1867. 


LONDON: 

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OFFICE,    43    WELLINGTON     STREET,    STRAND,    W.C. 

1867, 


NOTES  AND  aUERIES: 

LITERARY    MEN,    GENERAL    READERS,    ETC. 


tiismxen  found,  znaUe  a  note  of."  —  Captain  Ccttle. 


No.  262. 


Saturday,  January  5,  1867. 


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O  of  a  FIFTII-MOXARCHr  MAN,  chiefly  extracted 
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NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


LOmOS,  SATURDAY,  JANUARY  5,  1867. 

CONTENTS.— N»  262. 

NOTES :  —  Westminster  Portrait  of  Richard  IL,  1  -  Catho- 
ij.;  Purindipnit!  2  — Broken  Pottery  of  Aiieient  Times,  4 — 
OriS  TPtters  of  tciiu  Hunt,  /6  -  Aelivs  Donatvs 
SeS  sjfientibvs  Scholarvm  Anglise  .-vblicarv.n  S.  P.  U., 
fi  -  Zrktn  or  Mortkin,  7  -  Christmas  Day,  /*.-  In- 
edited  Letter  of  Kins  James  VI.  to  the  King  of  Navarre- 
Lunar  Influence -Errors  in  Parish  Registers:  the  Dal- 
mahoy  Family  — Old  Eecoliections  —  Vessel-cup  Girls- 
Jiiterary  Mystifleation,  8. 

QUERIES:- Irish  Pamphlets,  9  — Extraordinary  Assem- 
blies of  Birds  —  Burnina;  of  the  Jesuits'  Books  — Calla- 
lore- A  Christening  Sermon  — Lord  Coke  and  the  Court 
of  Star-Chamber  —  French  Topography  —  Jenyns  Queries 

—  Sir  Godfrey  Kneller  —  Hannah  Lightfoot  -  Mary  Quceu 
of  Scots  —  Large  Silver  Medal  —  Morocco  —  Edward  Nor- 
gate:  a  Chain  Organ  —  Papal  Bulls  in  favour  of  Freema- 
sons—Petrarch: Himultruda—  Scot,  a  Local  Prefix- 
Shakespeare's  Bible  —  Stricken  in  Years  —  Wedderburn 
and  Franklin,  10. 

QuEEiEs  WITH  Answees  :  —  Cyriack  Skinner  —  Henry 
Hudson  —  Stafford,  Talbot,  &c.  —  St.  John's  Gospel,  12. 

REPLIES:—  French  Books  on  England,  14  — Chaplains  to 
the  Lords  Spiritual  and  Temporal,  &c.,  IG  — Roundels: 
Verses  ou  Fruit  Trenchers.  18  — Dutch  Ballad,  19  -The 
Dawson  Family,  20  —Americanisms -The  Pipe  of  Tobacco, 
&c.  — Eglinton  Tournament  —  Lord  Braxfleld  —  Agudeza 

—  Illuminated  Missal—  Inscription  at  Champ6ry—  Cheese 
WeD  —  Gold  pronounced  "  Goold  "  —  "  Hamlet : "  "  House 
the  Devil "  — Degrees,  when  first  conferred  —  Picture — 
"  Shakespeare  said  it  First  "—Dante  -America  and  Carica- 
tures —  Heraldic  Queries  —  Arms  of  Prussia  —  Book  dedi- 
cated to  the  Virgin  Mary,  &c.,  21. 

Notes  ou  Books,  &c. 


WESTMINSTER  PORTRAIT  OF  RICHARD  II. 

The  pages  of  "  N.  &  Q."  are  sucli  a  natural  de- 
positary for  records  of  historical  events,  both  in 
art  and  literature,  that,  although  the  subject  has 
already  been  made  known  elsewhere,  I  feel  desirous 
to  secure  in  these  columns  a  brief  statement  re- 
specting the  change  that  has  recently  come  over 
the  well-known  Jerusalem-Chamber  portrait  of 
Richard  II.  Ever  since  the  time  of  the  Manchester 
Exhibition  in  1857,  when  it  was  first  seen  during  the 
present  century  in  open  daylight,  artists  and  judges 
competent  to  form  a  fair  opinion  upon  it,  agreed 
that  the  picture  had  been  grossly  painted  over, 
and  that  the  surface  of  the  painting  no  longer  pre- 
sented a  trustworthy  appearance.  These  opinions 
were  renewed  in  the  course  of  the  recent  Portrait 
Exhibition  at  South  Kensington  ;  and  Mr.  George 
Richmond,  R.A.,  the  excellent  portrait-painter, 
at  length  offered  to  the  Dean  of  Westminster  to 
not  only  superintend,  but  actually  to  work  upon 
the  cleaning  and  restoration  of  this  precious  relic. 
The  Dean  and  Chapter  readily  consented;  and 
the  picture  was  accordingly  conveyed,  at  the  close 
of  the  Exhibition,  to  the  studio  of  JMr.  Henry 
Merritt,  an  experienced  picture-cleaner  and  re- 
storer, who  was  to  carry  on  all  operations  under 
Mr.  Richmond's  immediate   direction.      Having 


already  expressed  to  the  Dean  my  opinion  of  the 
unsatisfactory  condition  of  the  picture — not  only 
that  it  was  encumbered  with  masses  of  dirt  and 
false  paint,  but  that  the  original  portrait  still  lay- 
dormant  underneath — I  naturally  took  great  in- 
terest in  each  step  of  the  proceedings  as  they 
were  put  into  execution.  As  a  spectator,  taking  a 
careful  cognizance  of  all  that  went  on,  I  can  per- 
haps render  a  more  impartial  statement  than 
even  those  more  immediately  concerned  in  the 
operation.  Before  anything  was  done  to  remove 
the  old  paint,  I  toolv  an  opportunity  of  malving  a 
careful  tracing  of  the  head,  hands,  crown,  and 
sceptre,  with  various  details  of  the  dress,  that 
might  serve  as  an  accurate  record  of  what  the 
picture  had  been  up  to  that  period.  I  obtained  a 
faithful  transcript  of  the  projecting  patterns  of 
the  diapered  background,  by  rubbiug  the  surface 
of  my  tracing  paper  with  soft  leather  sprinkled 
with  black-lead.  As  this  diaper  was  very  irre- 
gularly constructed,  it  would  have  been  quite  in- 
sufficient for  me  to  copy  a  single  portion  and  re- 
peat it  mechanically  to  serve  for  the  rest. 

The  picture  is  painted  on  an  enormous  block  of 
oak ;  composed,  in  fact,  of  several  smaller  planks 
most  skilfully  joined  together.  The  coatings  of 
paint  covering  the  picture  were  very  difficult  to 
remove  ;  but,  at  length,  Mr.  Richmond's  labour 
was  rewarded  by  the  discovery  of  the  recti  pic- 
ture underneath  —  a  genuine  tempera  painting  of 
Richard's  own  time;  revealing  a  perfectly  dif- 
ferent face  from  that  which  had  been  removed. 
In  lieu  of  dark  staring  eyes  of  a  rich  brown  colour, 
massive  brown  eyebrows,  dark  hair,  and  a  ruddy 
smiling  mouth,  with  deep  solid  shadows  to  the 
features,  they  recovered  a  mild,  soft,  youthful 
face,  with  gold-brown  waving  hair,  blue-grey 
eyes,  heavy  eyelids,  and  a  sorrowful  drooping 
mouth — all  of  which  accord  with  the  celebrated 
Diptych  at  Wilton  House,  and  correspond  with 
the  known  weak  and  vacillating  character  of  the 
timid  and  misguided  monarch  himself.  The 
ermine  cape  had  been  overlaid  with  repeated  coats 
of  colour,  and  the  originally  delicate  ermine  spots 
had  been  distorted  into  strange  twisted  masses  of 
solid  black  paint,  that  had  neither  heraldic  nor 
any  other  significance  to  justify  them.  The  folds 
of  the  crimson  robe  had  been  overlaid  and  per- 
verted by  the  brush  of  some  clumsy  house-painter; 
and  not  only  the  drawing  but  the  action  of  the 
fingers  had  been  ruthlessly  altered.  On  examin- 
ing the  gilded  surface  of  the  ball,  decorated  with 
most  un-Gothiclike  acanthus  leaves,  it  was  found 
to  be  laid  over  a  highly  polished  coating  of  plain 
gold  on  a  mass  of  composition  or  cement ;  and  the 
richly  ornamented  crown  had  been  treated  in  the 
same  manner.  The  stucco  pattern  of  the  raised 
diaper  on  the  background  was  found  to  have  over- 
lapped some  beautifully  painted  foliage,  which  evi- 
dently belonged  to  the  original  design  of  the  flore- 


NOTES  AND  QUEEIES. 


I3ri  S.  XI.  Jan.  5,  '6; 


ations  of  the  crown  and  to  the  head  of  the  sceptre. 
The  latter  portion  was  further  investigated,  and 
resxiked  in  the  removal  of  the  diaper  from  around 
the  sceptre,  and  in  the  recovery  of  a  heauti  fully 
drawn  flowing  foliage  instead  of  the  fir  cone  and 
acanthus  leaves  which  had  hitherto  surmounted 
it.  Beneath  the  jewelled  crown  lay  a  highly 
burnished  plain  gold  crown,  consisting  of  a  solid 
coating  of  conTposition,  which  in  its  turn  concealed 
the  original  crown,  drawn,  like  the  sceptre-head, 
with  free  and  admirably  pencilled  foliage  upon  the 
pure  gold,  which  here  simply  coated  the  actual 
gesso  ground  laid  upon  the  panel  itself.  This  true 
crown  was  closely  punctured  with  small  holes,  so 
arranged  as  to  form  a  pattern  and  repeating  the 
lozenge  and  oval  outlines  of  the  jewels  in  the 
circlet  of  the  crown.  Puncturings  or  dottings  of 
this  kind,  on  a  plain  gilded  surface,  are  considered 
to  be  characteristic  of  MS.  illuminations  belong- 
ing to  the  later  portion  of  the  fourteenth  century, 
and,  indeed,  the  entire  appearance  of  this  picture 
has  very  much  the  effect  of  a  page  taken  from  some 
manuscript  volume  of  that  period,  and  extensively 
magnified. 

The  style  of  painting,  with  pale  brown  shadows 
on  the  face,  the  gilded  background,  and  a  profu- 
sion of  bright  colours  and  golden  borders  to  the 
drapery,  closely  resembles  the  productions  of  the 
best  artists  in  Italy  at  the  same  period. 

The  clumsj'  and  not  ancient  frame  was  found  to 
have  encroached  largely  on  the  surface  of  the  pic- 
ture, and  to  have  concealed  both  the  side  portions 
of  the  chair  and  the  greater  part  of  the  curved  step 
in  front  of  the  throne.  Unfortunately  no  date  or 
inscription  has  been  found  on  any  part  of  the 
picture. 

The  practical  knowledge  and  assistance  of  Mr. 
Chance,  an  experienced  gilder,  were  of  great  ser- 
vice in  regard  to  the  difficulties  of  dealing  with 
the  burnished  crown,  globe,  and  stucco  coalings 
forming  the  diaper ;  whilst  Mr.  Merritt's  extreme 
caution,  judicious  treatment,  and  thorough  know- 
ledge in  the  application  of  means  to  remove  these 
masses  of  false  colour — without  in  the  slightest 
degree  affecting  the  delicate  tempera  painting 
lying  beneath,  and  in  knowing  how' far  to  go  and 
when  to  stop — were  of  vital  importance.  Mr. 
Richmond's  power  of  distinguishing  false  art  from 
the  true,  and  his  jealous  protection  of  all  the 
finer  points  in  the  picture  as  soon  as  discovered, 
•were  a  guarantee  for  the  perfect  success  of  the 
whole ;  and  it  is  to  that  gentleman's  energy  and 
clearness  of  views  that  we  are  mainly  indebted 
for  the  achievement  of  such  important  results. 

The  portrait  was  probably  painted  from  the 
life  in  the  year  1390,  and  appears  to  have  under- 
gone its  greatest  changes  early  in  the  sixteenth 
century ;  perhaps  at  the  time  of  the  building  of 
Henry  VII.'s  Chapel,  when  the  diaper  was  added 
and  the  shape  of  the  crown-  and  sceptre  altered. 


"S^rtue  engraved  it  for  the  Vetima  Momimenta  in 
1718,  Captain  Broome  repainted  it  about  1726, 
adding  the  sliadows  on  the  ermine  tippet  from 
tbe  cross  and  sceptre,  and  decorating  the  globe 
with  acanthus  leaves.  The  picture  was  removed 
to  the  Jerusalem  Chamber  in  177.5,  Trhere  John 
Carter  saw  it  and  made  his  carefiil  etching  in 
1786,  which  may  now  be  considered  as  the  best 
record  of  the  picture  in  the  condition  fromVhich 
it  has  just  been  rescued.  The  picture  has  fov  the 
present  been  returned  to  the  Jerusalem  Chamber, 
and  is  happily  protected  by  a  large  sheet  of  plate 
glass.  It  Js  to  be  hoped  that  the  picture  may 
soon  be  restored  to  its  original  place  in  the  choir 
of  Westminster  Abbey,  where  in  a  good  open 
light  it  will  be  thoroughly  well  seen,  and,  in  such 
a  place,  become  accessible  to  thousands  *nd  thou- 
sands of  visitors.  George  Schakf. 
National  Fortrait  Gallery,  Dec.  186G. 


CATHOLIC  PERIODICALS. 

I  have  been  requested  to  draw  up  a  list  of 
Catholic  periodical  publications  in  England,  Scot- 
land, and  Ireland.  I  believe  the  following  ac- 
count of  them  will  be  foimd  generally  correct :  — 

The  earliest  Catholic  periodical  was,  I  believe, 
The  Catholic  Almanac  for  the  year  1661.  and  succes- 
sive years,  compiled  by  Thos.  Blount,  Esq.  of  Orle- 
ton,  and  continued  probably  down  to  the  year  of  his 
death,  1679.  On  the  accession  of  James  II.,  it 
came  out  as  the  Kalendarium  Catholicum  for  the 
year  1686,  with  the  significant  motto  :  "  Tristitia 
vestra  vertetiu"  in  gaudium,  Alleluia."  This  con- 
tained, besides  the  Feasts,  Fasts,  Days  of  Absti- 
nence, Calendar  and  explanation  of  the  principal 
Feasts,  the  following  interesting  catalogues.  First, 
■'  of  the  Lords,  Knights,  and  Gentlemen  (of  the 
Catholic  Religion)  that  were  slain  in  the  late  warr 
in  defence  of  their  King  and  country."  Secondly, 
"  The  names  of  such  Catholicks  whose  estates 
(both  real  and  personal)  were  sold,  in  pursuance 
of  an  act  made  by  the  Rump,  July  16,  1651,  for 
their  pretended  delinquency ;  that  is,  for  adhering 
to  their  King."  This  was  followed  by  two  other 
lists  of  1652.  Finally,  *•' Memorable  Observa- 
tions," giving  the  number  of  years  since  certain 
notable  events  interesting  to  Catholics.  It  ap- 
peared the  year  following  as  *'  The  Catholic  Alma- 
nack for  the  year  1687,  containing  both  the  Roman 
and  English  Calendars, — an  Explanation  of  the 
principal  holydays  of  the  whole  year,  with  cata- 
logues of  the' Popes  from  St.  Peter  to  this  present 
Innocentius  XL,  and  of  the  Kings  of  England  and 
Archbishops  of  Canterbury  from  the  year  600  lo 
the  Reformation.  London  :  Printed"  by  Henry 
Hills,  Printer  to  the  lung's  most  excellent  Majesty, 
for  his  household  and  chappel,  mdclxxxvii."  At 
tlie  end  of  each  of  these  almanacs  is  a  catjilogue 


S^d  S.  XI.  Jak.  5,  "GT.j 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


of  book3  printed  for  Henry  Hills,  "  and  are  to  be 
gold  next  door  to  his  house  iu  Blackfryers." 

The  Ordo  recitandi  for  the  clergy,  and  the 
Laity's  Directory  began  about  the  year  1761, 

Tiie  earliest  Catholic  periodical,  in  the  shape 
of  a  magazine,  appeared  towards  the  close  of  the 
last  century,  about  the  year  17*J0.  It  was  called 
The  Catholic  Magazine.  Who  was  the  editor  I 
do  not  know,  nor  do  I  know  who  contributed  to 
its  pages ;  but  it  was,  as  I  remember,  a  very  re- 
spectable periodical,  well  conducted,  and  neatly 
priiited.  It  was  of  12mo  size,  but  extended,  I 
believe,  to  no  more  than  three  or  four  volumes. 

About  tvN'enty  years  later  an  attempt  was  made 
to  establish  a  Catholic  Magazine  and  Revieio ;  and 
a  similar  publication  was  commenced  in  1813,  but 
both  ceased  after  a  few  numbers. 

The  Oi-thodox  Journal  was  started  in  1813  by 
"William  Eusebius  ^indrews.  He  had  been  a 
printer  in  the  oflice  of  the  Norfolk  Chronicle  in 
Norwich,  but  had  settled  in  London  as  the  pro- 
fessed "Advocate  of  Truth."  This  journal  ap- 
peared weekly  till  the  end  of  1820,  and  was  much 
supported  by  Bishop  Milner.  In  November,  1820, 
Mr.  Andrews  had  begun  a  weekly  newspaper 
under  the  title  of  The  Catholic  Advocate  of  Civil 
and  JReligious  Liberty,  but  this  lasted  only  through 
nine  numbers.  lie  resumed  his  Orthodox  Journal 
in  January  1823,  numbering  it  as  if  it  had  never 
been  interrupted,  but  it  ended  in  the  year  follow- 
ing, lie  began  a  fresh  periodical  September  8, 
1832,  called  Andrews  s  Fenny  Oiihodox  Journal. 
This  came  out  weekly,  but  survived  only  till 
March  1,  1834.  It  was  followed  by  Andreics's 
Weekly  Orthodox  Journal,  from  March  8  to  June 
27,  183G.  It  was  then  entitled  The  London  and 
Dublin  Ortliodox  Journal,  and,  on  the  death  of  ]\Ir. 
Andrews,  April  7,  1837,  was  continued  by  his  son 
till  November,  184o ;  afler  which  it  came  out 
monthly  under  the  simple  original  title  of  The 
Orthodox  Journal. 

The  well-known  Catholic  bookseller,  George 
Keating,  successor  to  J.  P.  Coghlan,  began  a 
periodical  in  July,  1815,  entitled  The  Puhlicid,  or 
Christian  Philosopher.     It  was  announced  "to  ap- 

fear  occasionally,"  and  came  out  very  irregularly, 
t  contained  however  many  valuable  papers,  prin- 
cipally strictures  on  anticatholic  publications.  A 
second  series  v/as  commenced  with  the  year  1817, 
but  the  name  was  changed  to  that  of  The  Catholicon, 
which  name  indeed  had  been  adopted  at  the  end 
of  the  tirst  volume.  A  third  series  began  Feb- 
ruary 1,  1823,  under  the  title  of  The  Catholic  Spec- 
tator and  Selector,  or  Catholicon ;  and  tliis  was 
published  at  intervals  for  three  years,  ending  with 
December,  1826. 

In  February,  1818,  a  periodical  appeared  with 
the  title  of  The  Catholic  Gentleman' s  Magazine. 
The  "Sylvanns  Urban"  of  this  magazine  was 
"  Mr.  Palmer,"  but  its  real  editor  and  chief  sup- 


porter was  Mr.  Charles  Butler  of  Lincoln's  lun.  It 
had  a  very  brief  existence,  coming  to  an  end  in  the 
following  September. 

The  Catholic  Vindicator  was  a  weekly  paper 
in  answer  to  one  called  The  Protestant.  It  was 
entirely  written  by  Mr.  Andrews.  It  began  De- 
cember 5,  1818,  and  ended  December  4,  1819. 

Mr.  Andrews  also  tried  a  Aveekly  newspaper 
called  The  Catholic  Advocate,  but  it  lasted  only 
nine  months. 

The  Catholic  Miscellany  began  with  January, 
1822.  It  was  established  by  Ambrose  Cuddon, 
who  had  come  from  Bungay  to  settle  in  London. 
It  was  printed  by  Andrews,  who  had  a  consider- 
able share  in  its  management,  till  June,  1823. 
Mr.  Cuddou,  however,  was  the  responsible  editor, 
and  so  continued  until  the  end  of  vol.  ix.,  June, 
1828.  xV  new  series  then  commenced  under  the 
editorship  of  Mr.  Sidney.  The  publication  ceased 
altogether  in  May,  1830.  Mr.  Cuddon  also  pub- 
lished a  Catholic  Pocket-Book  about  this  time.  It 
was  well  got  up,  and  very  useful,  but  was  sooa 
discontinued. 

A  newspaper  called  The  Truthteller  was  brought 
out  in  September,  1824,  by  W.  E.  Andrews,  and 
was  published  weekly  for  one  year.  It  then  ap- 
peared as  a  weekly  magazine,  beginning  October 
1,  1825,  extended  to  fourteen  volumes,  and  ended 
April  25,  1820. 

The  Catholic  Journal  began  on  March  1,  1828, 
edited  by  Mr.  Quin.  Its  special  object  was  the 
advocacy  of  Catholic  Emancipation.  It  was  at 
first  of  8vo  size,  but  on  May  31  it  was  changed  to 
the  4to  form.  Thus  it  continued  till  the  end  of 
the  year;  and  on  January  4,  1829,  it  appeared  in 
the  usual  folio  size  of  newspapers.  When  the 
Emancipation  Act  passed,  its  object  was  accom- 
plished, and  it  ceased  after  March  15,  1829. 

A  periodical  was  published  about  this  time 
called  The  British  Colonial  Quarterly  Intelligencer, 
but  only  three  or  four  numbers  were  published. 

The  best  conducted  and  most  influential  of 
Catholic  periodicals  was  The  Catholic  Magazine 
and  Revieio,  published  monthly  in  Birmingham. 
It  began  in  February,  1831,  and  was  the  property 
of  a  number  of  the  clergy,  chiefly  of  the  Midland 
district.  The  editors  were  the  Revs.  John  Kirk, 
F.  Martyn,  Ed.  Peach,  T.  M.  McDonnell,  and 
John  Gascoyne ;  but  Mr.  McDonnell  was  the 
acting  editor.  It  continued  till  the  end  of  1835, 
when  it  became  The  Catholicon,  but  survived  only 
eight  months,  ending  with  August,  1836. 

The  Edinhuryh  Catholic  Magazine  was  under- 
taken by  James  Smith  of  Edinburgh,  and  first 
appeared  in  April,  1832.  A  second  volume  began 
with  October,  but  lasted  through  only  two  num- 
bers. A  new  series  commenced  in  Februarj', 
1837,  printed  and  published  iu  London,  where 
Mr.  Smith  had  come  to  reside.  Three  other 
volumes  appeared  as  The  Catholic  Magazine ;  the 


NOTES  AXD  QUERIES. 


[3'd  S.  XI.  Jax.  5,  'C7. 


last  number  of  which  was  published  in  June, 
1840.  A  third  series  began  in  January,  1843, 
edited  by  Mr.  T.  Hog,  but  ended  in  June,  1844. 

The  Catholic  Femiy  Mciffazine,  published  weekly 
in  Dublin  by  Coldwell,  began  in  February,  1834, 
and  ceased  in  December,  1835. 

In  1836  another  periodical  came  out  under  the 
name  of  The  Catholic  Magazine.  It  was  published 
in  London  by  Charles  Dolman,  nephew  and  suc- 
cessor to  Mr.  Booker  of  New  Bond  Street.  It  was 
to  have  taken  an  enlarged  form  in  the  beginning 
of  1842,  but  went  on  as  before ;  and  at  the  end 
of  that  year  was  near  being  given  up.  In  January, 
1845,  its  name  was  changed  for  that  of  Dolmans 
Magazine  and  Monthly  Miscellang  of  Criticism,  and 
it  was  then  edited  by  Miles  Gerald  Keon.  The 
original  title  of  The  Catholic  Magazine  was  after- 
wards resumed,  but  numbered  as  a  continuation 
of  the  former  series.  The  Ilev.  Edward  Price 
edited  the  latter  volumes,  and  the  periodical  ended 
in  1849.  F.  C.  H. 

(Zb  be  continued.) 


BKOKEN  POTTERY  OF  ANCIENT  TIMES. 

Can  it  be  explained  how  so  much  of  this  refuse 
has  been  found  in  strange  uninhabited  spots  ?  It 
is  not  that  man  has  been  there,  and  therefore  we 
seek  for  the  relics  of  his  occupation ;  we  find  vast 
quantities  of  potsherds,  and  therefore  we  infer  that 
man  formerly  inhabited  or  visited  the  spot.  It  is 
easy  to  understand  why  vases,  &c.,  are  found  in 
ancient  tumuli ;  but  why  the  accumulation  of 
broken  pottery  about  the  Casas  Grandes  on  the 
river  Gila  ?  ^Vnd  what  the  origin,  and  how  the 
accumulation  of  Mons  Testaccio  atEome?  We 
are  less  surprised  at  its  occurrence  among  the 
sepulchral  mounds  of  the  Mississippi  Valley,  where 
there  was  long  occupation,  and  earthenware  was  a 
part  of  the  burial  utensils. 

A  relative  of  mine,  who  lived  twenty-seven  years 
in  Peru,  near  Lima,  told  me  that  he  "  used  occa- 
sionally to  creep  up  a  mountain  near,  to  get  a 
glimpse  of  the  sea  and  a  breath  of  sea  air.  There 
were  no  habitations,"  he  said,  ''  no  roads ;  no  one 
ever  went  there  but  myself;  and  yet  the  top  of 
the  mountain  was  covered  with  broken  pottery ! 
How  did  it  come  there  ?  "  We  used  to  speculate 
much  and  widely  on  this  question.  It  cannot  be 
supposed  that  the  ancient  tribes  who  lived  by 
hunting  and  fishing  broke  all  their  utensils  when 
they  changed  their  hunting  ground,  to  save  the 
trouble  of  conveyance.  It  was  surely  more  trouble 
to  make  fresh  ones,  even  if  the  necessary  appli- 
ances were  at  hand.  My  brother  expressly  as- 
sured me  that  this  mountain  near  Lima  was  bar- 
ren, and  that  these  potsherds  were  the  sole  hints 
of  man's  former  presence  there.  I  think  it  is 
Humboldt  who  says  that  the  tribes  of  the  (so- 
called)  New  World  were  the  only  ones  who  passed 


immediately  from  hunting  and  fishing  to  cereal 
cultivation ;  that  the  pastoral  stage  of  civilisation, 
so  prominent  in  the  religious  and  civil  history  of 
the  other  three  quarters  of  our  globe,  held  no 
place  among  the  tribes  of  America.  The  Peruvian 
mountain  must  have  been  a  hunting  ground  ;  but 
when  ?  Even  allowing  largely  for  the  rise  of  the 
land,  does  it  not  carry  us  back  to  the  time  when 
the  Wellingtonia  G.  was  a  sapling  ? 

A  curious  fact  touching  on  the  subject  is,  that 
the  inhabitants  of  the  valleys  lying  among  the 
Peruvian  Andes  speak  so  many  different  dialects, 
that  the  people  living  in  one  valley  cannot  under- 
stand those  living  in  one  branching  from  it.  My 
relative  was  not  only  a  good  linguist,  having  re- 
sided in  Germany,  Italj',  and  Egypt  (and  of  course 
thoroughly  acquainted  with  Spanish  and  Portu- 
guese), but  was  fond  of  the  study  of  language,  and 
being  much  alone  in  Peru,  and  travelling  much  on 
business  affairs,  he  collected  all  he  could  on  the 
subject  of  the  different  dialects  around  him  ;  there- 
fore I  trust  what  he  told  me. 

But  the  broken  pottery  ?  If  Mdns  Testaccio 
owes  its  existence  to  the  early  age  of  Rome,  when 
Isis  was  the  deity  of  the  people,  we  should  find 
such  relics  in  Egypt ;  if  a  near  branch  of  that  early 
tribe  who  have  left  their  mark  in  the  centre  of 
Europe,  we  should  search  Northern  Germany  for 
such  remains. 

Any  information,  even  a  theory,  will  be  ex- 
tremely welcome  ;  for  a  theory  is  a  great  stimulant 
in  searching  for  facts.  I  hold  that  every  fixed 
opinion  was  at  first  a  theory.  E.  C.  B. 

Kor^vich. 

ORIGINAL  LETTERS  OF  LEIGH  HUNT. 

The  following  letters  will  probably  interest  the 
readers  of  "N.  &  Q."  W.  Carew  Hazlitt. 

I. 
'•Wimbledon,  Feb.  13  Icirca  1842]. 

"  My  clear  Sir, 

"  Accept,  however  late,  my  sincerest  thanks  for  the 
sight  of  the  curious  old  Greek  book  *  (beautifully  printed), 
and  the  present  of  the  Roscoe  f  and  Montaigne  J,  par- 
ticularly the  latter,  which  is  a  most  complete  thing  in- 
deed. I  ought  to  have  sent  this  acknowledgment  directlj', 
but  I  was  ill  at  the  time,  and  of  a  disorder  which  throws 
me  into  a  state  of  rascally  sluggishness,  an  attack  of 
liver,  and  so  I  was  ungratefully  silent  both  to  you  and  to 
Mr.  Yates  §,  and  have  not  sent  my  book  for  our  kind 
Americaa  friend,  and  suffered  other  letters  to  accumulate, 
and  got  myself  altogether  into  such  a  state  of  incom- 
petence, that  I  have  come  out  here  at  last  to  get  a  little 
fresh  air,  and,  if  possible,  a  new  stock  of  activity.  When 
I  return,  I  will  do  my  duty,  and  send  the  book,  or  rather 
bring  it,  and  then  you  shall  tell  me  that  you  forgive  me. 


*  I'hocii  Bibliotheca.     Never  returned. 

t  Probably  Roscoe's  Life  of  Lorenzo  de  3Iedici,  of 
which  mv  father  published  an  improved  edition  in  1846. 

t  The'Works  of  Montaigne.  Edited  bv  W.  Hazlitt. 
1842. 

§  Ravmond  Yates,  Esq.,  who  desired  an  interview  with 
Mr.  Hunt. 


3'^d  s.  XI.  Jax.  5,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


"  Pleasing  honour  negative  !  Did  j-ou  write  the  critique 
in  the  Morning  Chronicle  ?  Or  did  (perhaps)  Mr.  Yates 
write  it  ?  In  either  case,  the  grace  on  the  v>'riter's  side, 
and  the  shame  on  my  own,  becomes  doubled.  But  I  have 
at  all  events  written  to  thank  the  author,  and  I  mention 
this,  because  in  a  former  instance  I  think  you  told  me 
you  had  not  received  the  letter  I  sent.  Again  thanking 
you  for  the  books,  believe  me,  whether  silent  or  other- 
wise, your  thankful  and  faithful  friend, 

"  Leigh  Hunt." 

[William  Hazlitt,  Esq.] 

ir. 

"  Wimbledon,  March  9th  [1846]. 

"  My  dear  Sir, 

"  I  was  quite  concerned  to  find  that  you  did  not 
possess  a  copy  of  the  little  edition  of  my  verses.  I  fancied 
I  had  sent  you  one,  when  it  came  out.  Vincent  accord- 
ingly will  bring  you  one  forthwith.  He  was  here  yes- 
terday, and  I  told'  him  where  to  find  it  at  home,  in  one 
of  my  table-drawers.  I  sliould  have  written  to  you  on 
Saturday  (not  having  got  your  letter  till  Friday  night), 
but  knowing  I  should  see  him  the  next  day,  and  not 
being  sure  whether  I  had  the  copy  in  question  remaining 
(in  which  case — I  mean  of  its  being  non  inventus — I  should 
have  sent  to  Moxon  for  one),  I  waited  till  he  came. 

"  The  country  air  has  done  us  so  much  good,  that  in- 
stead of  returning  to  town,  we  now  mean  to  remain  in  it, 
if  possible,  and  for  that  purpose  are  seeking  a  cottage,  and 
trj'ing  to  let  our  house  in  Kensington.  Do  you  know 
anybody'  who  happens  to  want  one  at  40/.  a  year  and  13Z. 
taxes  ?  The  square,  you  know,  is  really  pretty,  and  our 
back  parlour  was  pushed  out  by  a  former  tenant,  an  archi- 
tect, into  a  room  of  reasonable  superiority  to  the  usual 
pettiness  of  back  parlours  in  such  houses.  Should  we 
fix  in  the  countrj',  I  shall  let  you  know,  and  hope  you 
and  Mr.  Yates  will  be  among  the  first  to  come  and  see 
tis.  You  are  so  welcome  to  do  what  you  like  with  every- 
thing of  mine,  that  I  almost  forgot  to  say  so.  Besides,"it 
is  a  good  done  to  authors  to  quote  them,  especially  by  a 
friend,  and  I  thank  you  for  thinking  of  me. 

"  Ever  truly  yours, 

"  Leigh  Hunt." 

"  P.S.  —  Let  me  know  when  you  want  the  Italian 
Stories,  and  you  shall  have  my  set  in  sheets,  if  I  can  get 
no  other.  But  I  believe  there  is  talk  of  a  second  edition  ; 
in  that  case  it  shall  go  hard  indeed,  if  you  don't  get  a 
copy.  I  had  intelligence  the  other  day  that  the  book  is 
'  selling  capitally.' 

[William  Hazlitt, Esq. J . 


"Kensington,  Nov.  24  [circa  1850]. 
"  My  dear  William  Hazlitt, 

"  Son  of  your  father,  and  lover  of  all  good  things 
yourself. 

"  Could  you  possibly  help  me  in  the  following  wish  ? 
A  young  friend  of  mine  at  the  bar,  of  the  Worsley  faniilv, 
Mr.  Francis  Worsley,  who  abounds  in  all  good  qualities 
of  head  and  heart,  is  desirous  of  being  on  the  list  of  can- 
didates for  law-reporting  in  a  daily"  paper.  Could  you 
tell  me  when,  where,  and  how  I  coukl  best  take  anv  steps 
to  forward  his  object  ?  And  does  it  at  all  lie  in  your 
power  to  takevany  of  your  own  ?  I  feel  that  you  would 
oblige  me  in  the  matter,  if  you  could,  and  I  assure  you  I 
should  take  it  as  a  particular  kindness  to 

"  Your  old  and  sincere  friend, 
"  Leigh  Hunt. 
"  To  Wm.  Hazlitt,  Esq." 


"  My  handwriting  continues  better  than  my  health. 

"  Kensington,  Dec.  1  [^circa  1850], 
"  My  dear  William  Hazlitt, 

"  Many  thanks  for  j'our  kind  answer  to  my  request 
about  Mr.  Worsley,  who  will  do  himself  the  pleasure  of 
calling  on  you.  Be  sure  I  shall  not  fail  to  bear  in  mind 
your  wishes  about  the  critical  employment. 

"  Ever  truly  yours, 

"  Le'igh  Hunt." 
[William  Hazlitt,  Esq.] 


"Hammersmith,  May  10th  [18581. 
"  Dear  W.  C.  H. 

"  Manj'  thanks  for  your  very  prompt  and  kind 
attention  to  your  promise.*  I  will  do,  in  every  respect, 
as  you  desire,  and  am 

"  Most  sincerely  yours, 

"  Leigh  Hunt." 
[W.  Carew  Hazlitt,  Esq.] 


"  Putney,  Sept.  22  [1858], 

"  My  dear  Sir, 

"  I  am  trul}'  sorry  to  think  j-ou  have  been  annoj'ed 
by  this  man.f  Mr  Reynell  had  delicately  intimated'  to 
me  that  he  (the  said  individual)  was  desirous  to  have  the 
matter  concluded,  but  I  had  no  idea  that  he  was  disposed 
to  behave  in  this  manner;  and  my  visit  to  this  place 
having  a  little  tried  my  resources,  I  confess  I  was  trying 
to  creep  on  withotit  further  disbursement  till  mj-  quarter- 
day ;  but  I  am  in  no  way  distressed,  and  indeed,  if  I  were 
so,  I  should  have  no  right  to  let  another  be  worried  on 
my  account,  especially  when  he  has  had  trouble  enough 
on  it  already.  The  truth  is,  I  ought  to  have  stirred  my- 
self in  the  matter  sooner,  and  I  have  no  excuse  for  not 
having  done  so  beyond  the  languid  habits  produced  by 
bad  health,  except  that  the  MS.  itself  puzzled  me,  to 
know  what  to  think  of  it  or  what  to  do  with  it. 

"  However,  herewith  come  the  two  guineas,  which  will 
at  all  events  relievo  you  of  your  annoj'er,  and  I  beg  you 
to  accept  my  best  thanks  for  all  the  trouble  you  have 
taken.  I  should  have  sent  you  a  Post-ofiice  order  for  the 
sum,  but  my  daughter  Jacintha  having  to  come  to  town, 
and  the  post  here  being  strangely  dilatory,  I  thought  you 
might  get  it  sooner  by  this  means,  even"  though  she  had 
to  learn  perhaps  from  Mr.  Reynell  in  town,  instead  of 
Putney,  the  number  of  your  house  in  Ovington  Square. 
Again  expressing  my  regret  for  the  worry  you  have  gone 
through, 

"  I  am,  dear  Sir,  verj^  sincerely  your 

"  obliged  humble  servant, 

"  Leigh  Hunt." 

[W.  C.  Hazlitt,  Esq.] 

VII. 

"Hammersmith,  Feb.  22  [1859]. 
"Dear  W.C.  Hazlitt,  , 

"  Knowing  that  all  the  departments  in  the  Spec- 
tator had  been  more  than  filled  up  from  the  first,  I  did  not 
answer  your  letter  till  i  could  see  my  son,  who  was 
coming  to  see  me  on  tlie  subject  of  the  paper,  and  conver- 
sation, I  thought,  might  suggest  something  turnable  to 
account.  I  have  seen  him,  and  after  he  had  expressed 
his  pleasure  at  seeing  Hazlitts  and  Hunts  together  again, 
he  said  it  was  out  of  his  power  to  make  any  alterations  in 
the  settled  arrangements,  but  if  at  any  time  you  could 

*  This  relates  to  a  tiresome  negotiation  with  a  book- 
seller in  Piccadilly. 
t  The  bookseller  in  Piccadilly  already  referred  to. 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[S'-iS-XI.  Jas.  5.'67. 


send  him  anytliinp,-  fouiuled  on  '  new  information,'  or  a 
'new  suggesiion,''he  should  bo  very  happy  to  attend 
to  it. 


[W.  C.  Ilazlitt,  Esq.  I 


'  Ever  truly  yours, 

"  Leigh  Hu: 


VIII. 

"Hammersmith,  March  7  ri859]. 
«DearW.C.  H.. 

"  This  comes  to  nny  that  I  find  I  made  a  horrible 
mistake  yesterday  respecting  '  Stella  '  and  '  set.'  *  Your 
reading  is  so  obviously  true,  that,  on  coming  to  the  pas- 
sage in  connexion  with  the  context,  I  saw  my  blunder 
directly,  and  wondered  how  I  could  have  made  it.  But 
I  had  got  a  notion  in  my  head  that  Ben  Jonson  had  been 
speaking  of  the  lady  as  one  deceased,  i.  e.,  in  direct  allu- 
sion to  the  decease. 

"  Yery  trulj-  yours, 

"Leigu  Huxt." 
[W.  C.  Hazlitt,  Esq.] 

IX. 
"Hammersmith,  June  11  [18591. 
«  Dear  William  Hazlitt, 

"  (For  I  being  old,  and  your  father's  old  friend,  and 
you  therefore  being  an  everlasting  young  gentleman  in 
my  e3'es,  I  shall  never  be  able  to  settle  into  calling  you 
*Mr.'), — I  happen  this  moment  to  be  greatl\'  driven  for 
time,  but  nevei-theless  I  cannot  lose  a  moment  in  thanking 
you  for  the  letter  which  this  moment  I  have  received. 
You  have  done  all  that  f  I  hoped,  and  more  than  I  ex- 
pected, and  I  am 

"  Your  truly  obliged 

"  and  faithful, 

"  Leigh  Huxt. 
"  1  trust  to  have  the  pleasure  of  thanking  Mr.  Reynell 
personally  to-morrow.     My  state   of  body  is  mending 
again,  and  this  good  news  will  help  it." 
[William  Hazlitt,  Esq.] 


AELIVS  DONATVS  SEPTEM  SAPIENTI- 
BVS  SCHOLARVM  ANGLIAE  PVBLICA- 
RVM  S.  P.  D. 

De  octo  oeationis  paetibtjs. 
Partes  orationis  quot  sunt  ?    Octo.    Quae  ?  No- 
men,  pronomen,  verbum,  advei-bium,  participium, 
conjuuctio,  pnepositio,  et  inter] ectio. 
De  >'omine. 
Nomen  quid  est  ?     Pars  orationis    cum   casu, 
corpus  aut  rem  proprie,  communiterve  significans. 
Proprie,  ut  Roma,  Tiberis ;  commimiter,  ut  urbs, 
'  flumen. 

Nomini  quot  acciduut  ?    Sex.   Qucc  ?    Qualitas, 
comparatio,  genus^  nuraerus,  figura,  casus. 
♦         ♦*••* 

*  We  had  been  talking  over  my  then  new  edition  of 
the  Poems  of  Henry  Constable,  1859,  8vo,  on  the  pre- 
ceding evening,  at  Mr.  Hunt's  house.  Mr.  Hunt's  allu- 
sion is  to  Jonson's  lines  in  the  Underwoods,  cited  in  my 
Memoir  of  H.  C. :  — 

"Hath  our  great  Sydney  Stella  set,"  &c. 

t  The  negotiating  with  Messrs.  Routledge  for  the— alas ! 
posfliurnon?  edition  of  Mr.  Hunt's  Poems. 


De  PEOJfOMINE. 

Pronomen  quid  est?  Pars  orationis  quje  pro 
nomine  posita,  tantundem  penesignificat,  perso- 
namque  intei'dum  recipit. 

Pronomini  quot  acciduut  ?  Sex.  Qua3  ?  Qua- 
litas,  genus,  numerus,  figura,  persona,  casus. 

De  verbo. 

Verbum  quid  est  ?  Pars  orationis  cum  tempore 
et  persona,  sine  casu^  aut  agere  aliquid,  aut  pati, 
aut  neutrum  significans. 

Verbo  quot  accidunt  ?  Septem.  Qute  ?  Modus, 
conjugatio,  genus,  numerus,  figura,  tempus,  et 
persona. 

*  •         «         «    .     *         * 

Ds   ADVERBIO. 

Adverbium  quid  est  ?  Pars  orationis  qua3  ad- 
jecta  verbo,  significationem  ejus  explanat  atque 
implet. 

Adverbio  quot  accidunt  ?  Tria.  Qu^e  ?  Signi- 
ficatio,  comparatio,  et  figura. 

De  PARTicino. 
Participium  quid  est  ?     Pars  orationis  partem 
capiens  nominis,  partemquo  verbi.     Eecipit  enim 
a  nomine  genera  et  casus ;  a  verbo  tempora  ct  sig- 
nificationes :  ab  utroque  numerum  et  figuram. 

Participio  quot  accidunt ?    Sex.    Qua??    Genus, 
casus,  tempus,  significatio,  numerus,  et  figura. 
****** 

De  coNjuNcnojiE. 

Conjunctio  quid  est?  Pars  orationis  annectens 
ordinansque  sententiam. 

Conjunctioni  quot  accidunt?  Tiia.  Qu»? 
Potestas,  figura,  et  ordo. 

•  *»•♦» 

De  PE^rosiTio>-E. 

Prsepositio  quid  est  ?  Pars  orationis  quae  pra^- 
posita  aliis  partibus  orationis,  significationem 
earum  aut  coinplet,  aut  mutat,  aut  minuit. 

Prfepositioni  quot  accidunt  ?  Unum.  Quod  ? 
Casus  tantum.  Quot  casus  ?  Duo.  Qui  ?  Ac- 
cusativus  et  ablativus. 


De  ixteejectioxe. 
Interj  ectio  quid  est  ?     Pars  orationis  significans 
mentis  affectum  voce  incondita. 

Interjectioni   quot  accidunt?     Unum.    Quod? 
Significatio  tantum. 

****** 

E  libro  impresso  perantiquo 
penes  Boltox  uoenet. 


Bri  S.  XI.  J  AX.  o,  XT.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


MORKIN,  OR  MORTKIX. 
Only  two  instances  of  the  use  of  the  unusual 
word  *•'  morliin  "  have  come  under  my  notice.  One 
occurs  in  Bishop  Hall's  Satires,  book  iii.  No.  it.  : — 
"  Could  he  not  sacrifice 
Some  sorry  morkin  that  unbiddea  dies. 
Or  meagre  heifer,  or  some  rotten  ewe.'" 
All  the  annotators  that  I  am  acquainted  \\ith 
explain  the  word  in  this  instance,  in  terms  vvhich 
have  been  adopted  generally  by  our  lexicogia- 
phers  and  glossarists,  as  meaning  an  animal  which 
had  died  by  sickness  or  mischance. 

The  other  instance  is  to  be  found  in  the  statute 
of  3rd  James  I.,  cap.  9.  In  the  preamble  of  that 
statute  there  is  mention  of  "  Lamb-skins  called 
Morkuis;''''  and  in  the  third  section  it  was  enacted 
that  no  merchant  should  at  an}-  one  time  buy  less 
than  1000  black  coney-skins,  or  3000  grey  cuney- 
skins,  or  2000  lamb-skins,  called  morkins.  To 
reconcile  these  two  uses  of  the  word,  we  must  of 
course  suppose  that  the  statute  applied  not  gene- 
rally to  the  skins  of  all  lambs,  which  it  seems  to 
do,  but  only  to  the  skins  of  lambs  which  died  by 
.sickness  or  mischance.  Granting  this,  which  is 
no  large  concession  in  construing  an  Act  of  Par- 
liament, the  two  examples  are  in  unison ;  but  we 
'get  no  information  from  either  of  them  as  to  the 
derivation  of  the  word,  respecting  which  the 
philologers  are  a  little  astray. 

I  have  lately  met  with  another  form  of  the 
same  word.  It  difiers  only  in  one  letter ;  but  in 
the  consideration  of  its  origin,  that  slight  differ-  I 
ence  will  be  found  important,  and  I  therefore 
think  it  worth  while  to  send  you  a  notice  of  it. 
It  occurs  in  an  imdated  paper,  presumed  to  be  of 
the  time  of  Charles  I.  The  trade  of  the  skinners 
being  very  much  depressed,  a  scheme  was  pro- 
pounded for  their  advantage.  It  was  to  buy  up 
"coney-skins  and  mortkins,^^  to  bring  them  up 
from  all  parts  of  the  country  to  a  warehouse  in 


London,  to  "  taw  "  such  as  were  worth  being  sub- 
mitted to  that  process,  and  then  to  export  them 
to  the  shores  of  the  Baltic,  where  they  were  used 
in  clothing  for  the  lower  classes.  The  little  t 
which  is  here  inserted  at  the  end  of  the  first 
syllable  is  the  occasiun  of  my  addressing  you. 

I  may  add,  that  the  scheme  of  the  skinners  was 
opposed  by  the  Eastland  merchants,  whose  mono- 
poly it  invaded.  In  their  answer  they  state  a 
circumstance  which  is  worthy  of  commemoration 
as  having  conduced  to  drive  leathern  garments 
out  of  use  :  — 

"  The  Eastland  merchants  are  not  sole  traders  m  those 
commodities.  The  French  have  lately  found  out  a  more 
profitable  use  of  clipping  seasoned  coney -skins,  and  work- 
ing the  hairs  or  wool  of  them  into  hats ;  and  with  them 
drive  a  great  trade  into  Italy,  and  thereby  employ  their 
poor  in  great  numbers  to  good  profit;  by  which  means 
probably  the  price  of  this  sort  of  skins  is  raised  so  high 
that  few  or  none  of  them  can  now  be  used  in  poor  people's 
garments." 

JoHii  Beuce. 


CHRISTMAS  DAY.* 

The  rest  of  the  passage  is  as  follows :  — 

"  If  that  the  Cristmassc  day 
Faile  vpon  a  Weddensday, 
[  That  yeere  shal  bee  harde  and  strong, 

I  And  many  huge  wyndes  araonge. 

I  The  somer  goode  and  mury  shal  be, 

And  that  yeere  shal  bee  plentee. 
Yonge  folkes  shal  dye  alsoo  ; 
Shippes  in  the  see,  tempest  and  woo. 
What  chylde  that  day  is  borne,  is  his 
Fortune  to  be  doughty  and  wys, 
Discrete  al-so  and  sleeghe  of  deede. 
To  fynde  feel  folkes  mete  and  weede. 

If  Cristmasse  day  on  therusday  bee, 
A  wonder  wynter  yee  shoule  see,' 
Of  wyndes  and  of  weders  wicke, 
Tempestes  eeke  many  and  thicke. 
The  somer  shal  bee  strong  and  drj-e, 
Come  and  beestes  shal  niulteplye, 
Ther  as  the  lande  is  goode  of  tilthe  ; 
But  kynges  and  lordes  shal  dye  by  filthe. 
What  chylde  that  day  eborne'beeli 
He  shal  no  dov.-te  Right  weel  ethee. 
Of  deedes  that  been  good  and  stable, 
Of  speeche  ful  wyse  and  Raysonablo. 
Who-so  that  day  bee  thefl't  aboute, 
He  shal  bee  shent,  with-outen  doute  ; 
But  if  seeknesse  that  day  thee  felle. 
Hit  ma}*  not  long  with  thee  dv,-elle. 

If  Cristmasse  day  on  frj-daj-  be. 
The  frost  of  wynter  harde  shal  be. 
The' frost,  snowe,  and  the  floode; 
But  at  the  eende  hit  shal  bee  goode. 
The  somer  goode  and  feyre  alsoo, 
Folk  in  eertlie  shal  haue  gret  woo. 
Wymmen  with  chylde,  bee-les,  and  corne, 
r  Shal  multeplye,  and  noon  be  lorne. 

Tlie  children  that  been  borr.e  that  day, 
Shoule  longe  lyve,  and  lechcherous  a}". 
If  Cristmasse  day  on  Saturday  falle, 
That  wvnter  wee  most  dreeden  allc. 
Hit  sbal  bee  ful  of  foule  tem.pest. 
That  hit  shal  slee  bothe  man  and  beest. 
Fruytes  and  corne  shal  fayle,  gret  woone, 
And  eclde  folk  dye  many  oon. 
^Miat  woman  that  of  chylde  travayle, 
Th.ey  shoule  bee  boothe  in  gret  paraj-lc. 
And  children  that  been  borne  that  day, 
^\'ith  June  half  yeere  shal  dye,  no  nay." 

Here /t'6-Z  means  many  J  ?'.Tfr7^,  clothing;  uicke, 
wicked,  foul ;  shetif,  brought  to  confusion  ;  lorne, 
lost  ,•  u-oone,  plenty.  The  forms  cbornc  for  y-hora 
(born),  and  ethee  for  y-thee  (to  thrive),  are  vvorth 
noting. 

I  ought  to  add  that  the  poem  does  not  quito 
end  here,  but  contains  also  a  short  epilogue,  two 
of  the  lines  of  which  are  too  good  to  be  omitted, 
viz., 

"  For  thoughe  hi  this  lande  it  ne  fiillc, 
In  other  landes  see  it  men  shalle ;  " 

{.  c.  if  these  prophecies  do  not  come  true  in  Eng- 
land, they  will  do  so  elseirlierc ;  an  idea  which  I 
commend  to  all  weather-prophets  as  worthy  of 
adoption.  Walter  TV.  Skeat. 

*  Continued  from  '6^'^  S.  x.  507. 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[3rd  s.  XI.  Jan.  5, 


Inedited  Letter  of  King  James  VI.  to  the 
King  oe  Navaere. — 

"  Monsieur  raon  frere  je  u'ay  vonleu  laisser  passer  I'oc- 
casion  du  partemant  du  sieur'de  Bartas  sans  par  la  pre- 
sente  vous  tesmoigner  le  grand  contentement  que  j'ay 
receu  par  sa  compagnie  ce  terns  passe  et  combien  son 
absence  me  seroit  deplaisante  sy  autremant  se  pourroit 
faire.  Vous  avez  certes  grande  occasion  de  louer  Dieu  et 
vous  estime  tres  heureux  d'avoir  le  service  et  conseil 
d'ua  si  rare  et  vertueux  personnage.  Je  cesse  d'eu  dire 
davantage  puisque  ses  nierites  publient  ses  louanges  et 
vous  prie  de  croire  taut  luy  que  ce  gentilhomme  mon 
serviteur  *  qui  I'acompagne  comrae  moj'-mesme  en  tout 
ce  qu'ils  vous  diront  de  ma  part.  Cependant  je  fay  fin 
priant  Dieu,  Monsieur  mon  frere,  de  vous  donner  tel 
succes  en  toutes  vos  affaires  que  vos  actions  meritent  et 
vostre  cceur  pourra  souhaiter. 

"De  Falklande  ce  vingt  et  sixiesme  de  septembre, 
1587. 

"  Yostre  tres  aifectionne  frere, 

"Jacques. 
"  Suscription  :  A  Monsieur  mon  tres  cher 
frere  le  roy  de  Xavarre." 

The  above  letter  has  been  given  to  the  vsrorld 
by  the  Countess  Marie  de  Raymond,  and  appears 
for  the  first  time  in  "  Ties  des  Poetes  Gascotis,  par 
Guillaume  Cottelet,  de  I'Academie  Fran^aise,  etc. 
8vo.  Paris,  1866."  Respecting  the  stay  of  Du 
Bartas  at  the  court  of  James  VI.,  M.  F.  Michel 
has  published  a  number  of  curious  details,  chiefly 
derived  from  the  despatches  of  various  ambassa- 
dors, in  his  recent  work,  Zes  Ecossais  en  France  et 
les  JFran^ais  en  Ecosse,  J,  Maceay. 

Lunar  Ineltjence.  —  Of  the  power  exercised 
by  our  satellite  on  the  atmosphere  and  waters  of 
this  earth  so  much  has  been  said  and  written, 
and  it  is  apparently  now  so  well  established  a  fact, 
especially  after  the  magnetical  experiments  of 
Colonel  Sabine  on  atmospheric  tides,  that  little 
need  be  said  on  the  subject.  It  is,  therefore,  only 
of  the  influence  exercised  over  animal  and  vege- 
table substances  that  I  wish  to  speak.  Every 
cook  will  tell  you  that  meat  hung  in  the  moon- 
light soon  becomes  putrid.  The  baleful  effects 
of  the  moonbeams  are  universally  acknowledged 
by  all  wild  or  lialf-civilised  people,  always  keen 
observers  of  nature.  Dr.  Madden  and  other  tra- 
vellers inform  us  how  careful  the  Arabs  and 
Egyptians  are  of  sleeping  in  the  moonlight.  So  it 
is  also  with  the  negroes  in  the  West  Indies,  and  for 
aught  I  know  in  their  own  country. 

Lieut.  Burton,  by  no  means  an  unobservant 
traveller,  says  that  many  an  incautious  negro  has 
risen  in  the  morning  from  his  sleep  in  the  moon- 
light with  one  side  of  his  face  by  no  means  the 
colour  of  the  other,  and  probably  it  took  him 
months  to  recover  from  the  effects  of  moonblow 
(Scinde,  ii.  12). 

Mr.  Davidson  informs  us  that  the  few  who 
recover    from   the   Bawca  fever    are   subject  to 

*  Le  Sieur  de  Meulh,  d'une  triis  noble  famille  originaire 
de  Nerac. 


severe  nervous  attacks  at  every  full  and  change  of 
moon.  {Travels  in  the  far  East,  76). 

Sir  Charles  Napier,  in  a  letter  to  his  brother 
from  Scinde,  says,  "It  is  strange,  but  as  true  as 
gospel,  that  at  every  new  and  full  moon  down  we 
all  go  here  with  fever."  {Life,  S,-c.,  iii.  27.) 

Now  I  will  furnish  you  with  another  instance 
witnessed  by  myself  Returning  from  New  York, 
1829,  in  the  Florida,  Capt.  Tinkham,  a  poor  Irish 
lad  was  put  on  board  as  a  passenger  with  a  caution 
to  the  captain  that  he  was  subject  to  epileptic  fits, 
which  always  recurred  at  every  full  and  change 
of  the  moon.  Curious  to  ascertain  the  truth  of 
this,  the  captain  and  myself  paid  particular  atten- 
tion to  the  conduct  of  the  lad  at  the  approaching 
full  moon.  Up  to  the  day  previous  to  that  event 
no  change  whatever,  but  on  the  day  of  the  full 
moon  he  was  reported  by  the  mate  to  be  ill  and 
unable  to  leave  his  berth  j  and  so  he  continued 
during  the  two  following  days.  On  the  fourth 
day  he  resumed  his  duties  as  if  nothing  had  hap- 
pened. 

Are  the  above  merely  coincidences,  or  really  the 
effect  of  lunar  influence  ?  A.  C.  M. 

Errors  in  Parish  Registers  :  the  Dalmahoy 
Family.  —  I  have  lately  had  the  opportunity  of 
seeing  the  wonderful  errors  of  spelling  to  be  found 
in  parish  registers  before  the  year  1760,  and  I 
have  procured  two  certificates  of  entries  which 
are  among  the  most  remarkable  I  have  met  with. 
They  are  — 

1.  "  St  Martins  in  the  Fields.  Middlesex.  Sepultorum 
Septembris  1659.  2.d.  Elizabetha  Demohoy  Ducissa  Se- 
pulta  in  cancella  " 

2.  "  St  Martins  in  the  Fields.  Middlesex,  Sepult  Norn 
May  1682.  27  Thomas  Delomhay  M." 

The  first  of  these  entries  records  the  burial  in 
the  chancel  of  Lady  Elizabeth  Maxwell,  heiress 
of  the  Earl  of  Dirleton,  Duchess  of  Hamilton,  and 
widow  of  William  Duke  of  Hamilton,  who  was 
mortally  wounded  at  the  battle  of  Worcester. 
The  second  entry  is  that  of  Thomas  Dalmahoy, 
Esq.,  the  second  husband  of  the  Duchess  of  Hamil- 
ton. (See  note  to  Pepj^s's  Diary,  May  11,  1660, 
4th  edit.  p.  59.)  He  was  M.P.  for  Guildford, 
1661-1678,  and  was  a  son  of  Sir  John  Dalmahoy, 
CO.  Edinburgh,  and  of  Barbara,  daughter  of  Sir 
Bernard  Lyndsay,  brother  of  the  Earl  of  Craw- 
ford. His  brother,  John  Dalmahoy,  Esq.,  married 
Rachael  Wilbraham,  daughter  of  Thomas  Wil- 
braham  of  Nantwich,  ancestor  of  Lord  Skelmers- 
dale.  The  two  last  baronets  of  the  family  of 
Dalmahoy  were :  Sir  Alexander  Dalmahoy,  who 
died  at  Appin  House,  xlrgyleshire,  January  4, 
1800,  and  his  cousin  Sir  John  Hay  Dalmahoy, 
who  died  unmarried  at  Westerham,  Kent,  Oct.  10, 
1800.  This  last  was  the  only  son  of  Alexander 
Dalmahoy,  chemist,  of  Ludgate  Hill.  The  chemist 
was  grandson  of  Sir  Alexander  Dalmahoy  (2nd 
baronet),  and  of  Alicia  Paterson,  daughter  of  the 


S^^  S.  XI.  .Tax.  5,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


9 


late  Arclibishop  of  Glasgow.  Anue  Margaret 
Elizabeth,  sister  of  the  last  baronet,  married  the 
Eev.  Thomas  Pinnock  of  Ippoletts,  co.  Hertford, 
and  she  had  a  sister.    Are  there  any  descendants  ? 

F. 

Old  Regollectio^'^s. — The  story  which  you  tell 
of  Ilervey  Aston  (3"*  S.  x.  475)  is  perfectly  true. 
You  might  have  added  that  he  was  an  unerring 
shot,  and  was  sure,  if  he  chose,  to  have  killed 
Ms  opponent.  He  levelled  his  pistol  and  covered 
Ms  adversary's  heart,  and  said,  "  Major,  if  I  fire 
you  are  assuredly  a  dead  man ;  I  can  hit  you  to 
the  heart ;  but  it  shall  never  be  said  of  Hervey 
Aston  that  the  last  act  of  his  life  was  one  of 
revenge,"  and  tossed  away  his  pistol,  resigning 
Mmself  to  death.  I  knew  his  mother  well  in  my 
younger  days.  She  was  then  the  widow  of  her 
second  husband,  a  Mr.  Tinker,  and  was  residing  at 
Ulverstone,  in  Lancashire,  with  her  daughter 
Lady  Legard.  She  was  eighty-four  years  of  age, 
and  still  a  handsome  woman,  full  of  life  and 
spirit  and  anecdote.  Among  others,  she  told  me 
that,  when  she  was  a  little  girl,  she  remembered 
the  young  Pretender  coming  to  her  father's  house 
in  1745.  "I  thought  him,"  she  said,  the  "  beau- 
tifulest  man  I  had  ever  seen.  He  took  me  up  in 
Ms  arms  and  kissed  me ;  and  I  sang  '  Over  the 
water  to  Charlie '  to  him."  I  ought  to  add  she 
was  the  daughter  of  Mr.  Dickinson,  one  of  the 
old  genuine  Eoman  Catholic  families  of  Lanca- 
sMre,  and,  as  such,  great  supporters  of  the  Stuarts. 

Senex. 
Vessel-cup  Girls.— The  vessel-cup  girls  have 
been  early  afoot  this  year.  On  the  boundary  line 
of  the  North  and  East  Ridings,  and  again  in  the 
Wapentake  of  Bulmer,  we  have  seen  and  heard 
them  at  intervals  ever  since  the  beginning  of 
Advent,  going  in  pairs  or  little  companies  about 
the  streets  and  roads,  carrying  with  them  in  an 
open  box  the  dressed  lady-doll  which  represents  the 
Virgin  Mary,  and  singing  their  time-worn  carol 
from  house  to  house  :  — 

"  God  rest  you,  merry  gentlemen, 

Let  nothing  you  dismay, 
For  Jesus  Ctirist  our  Saviour 

Our  sins  doth  take  away," — 

and  so  on  ;  including  always  this  stanza :  — 
"  God  bless  the  master  of  the  house, 
The  mistress  also. 
Likewise  the  little  children 
That  round  the  table  go." 

Brand  (Observations,  p.  195,  ed.  1777)  says,  in 
a  vague  way : — 

"There  was  an  ancient  custom  (I  know  not  whether  it 
be  not  yet  retained  in  many  places)  :  joung  women  went 
about  with  a  wassail-bowl,  that  is,  a  bowl  of  spiced  ale  on 
New  Year's  Eve,  with  some  sort  of  verses  that  were  sung 
by  them  in  going  about  from  door  to  door." 

Are  these  our  vessel-cup  girls,  vessel  being  a 
corruption  of  ivaes  hael? 


It  is  odd  that  the  box  they  carry  (whicb  stands, 
I  suppose,  for  the  manger  of  Bethlehem)  should 
contain  the  Virgin,  and  not  the  Bambino. 

A.  J.  M. 

Christmas,  1866. 

Literary  Mxstieicatiok. — In  the  year  1858 
a  review,  with  the  title  of  Reruc  Germanique,  was 
commenced  at  Paris ;  and  after  a  few  years  tbe 
title  was  enlarged  by  the  addition  of  the  words 
Franqaise  et  Etrungere.  The  editor,  M.  Charles 
Dollfus,  wishing,  as  he  states  in  a  short  preface, 
to  give  a  more  comprehensive  title  to  his  review, 
changed  its  name  in  1865  to  that  o[  Revue Moclei-ne ; 
but  instead  of  commencing  his  new  series  by  de- 
scribing it  as  tome  i.,  he  has  continued  to  number 
the  volumes  as  if  they  formed  a  continuous  series 
with  the  Revue  Germanique.  Thus,  if  any  reader 
of  the  Revue  Moderne  asks  for  tome  i.,  he  will  be 
presented  with  tome  i.  of  the  Revue  Germanique, 
and  so  on ;  or  he  will  be  informed  by  any  one 
ignorant  of  the  transformation  that  tome  i.  cannot 
be  found  in  the  series.  J.  Maceay. 


eSuertei. 

IRISH  PAMPHLETS. 


I  have  a  collection  of  pamphlets  relative  to  Ire- 
land, 1770-1784,  made  by  the  Earl  of  Shannon  at 
the  time  of  their  appearance,  and  carefully  pre- 
served in  seven  vols.  8vo.  Several  of  them  hav- 
ing been  published  anonymously,  I  am  anxious  to 
ascertain  the  names  of  the  authors  of  the  follow- 
ing; and  with  this  object  in  view,  1  am  induced 
to  trouble  you :  — 

1.  The  Constitution  of  Ireland  and  Poyning's  Laws 
Explained.     Dublin,  1770. 

2.  An  Address  to  the  Representatives  of  the  People. 
Dublin,  1771. 

3.  The  Alarm ;  or,  the  Irish  Spj'.    Dublin,  1779. 

•  4.  The  First  Lines  of  Ireland's  Interest  in  the  Year 
1780.     Dublin,  1779. 

5.  The  Letters  of  Guatimozin  on  the  Affairs  of  Ireland. 
Dublin,  1779. 

[By  Frederick  Jebb.] 

6.  A  Letter  to  the  People  of  Ireland  on  the  Present 
Associations  in  Ireland,  in  favour  of  our  own  Manufac- 
tures, &c.     Dublin,  1779. 

7.  A  Comparative  View  of  the  Public  Burdens  of 
Great  Britain  and  Ireland,  &c.     Dublin,  1779. 

8.  A  Defence  of  Great  Bi-itain  against  a  charge  of 
Tyranny  in  the  Government  of  Ireland,  &c.  Dublin, 
1/79. 

9.  Impartial  Thoughts  on  a  Free  Trade  to  the  King- 
dom of  Ireland.    London,  1779. 

10.  Plain  Truth  ;  seriously  addressed  to  the  People  of 
Ireland,  particularly  to  the  Members  of  both  Houses  of 
Parliament.    T)ublin,  1779. 

11.  Plain  Reasons  for  new-modelling  Pojiiing's  Laws, 
&c.     Dublin,  1780. 

12.  The  Strong-Box  opened  ;  or,  a  Fund  found  at 
Home,  &c.     Dublin,  1780. 

13.  A  Letter  from  a  Gentleman  of  the  Middle  Temple 
to  his  Friend  in  Dublin.    Dublin,  1780. 


10 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[S"--!  S.  XI.  Jak.  5,  '67. 


14.  An  Appeal  from  the  Protestant  Association  to  the 
People  of  Great  Britain.     Dublin,  1780. 

15.  Fragment  of  a  Letter  to  a  Friend  relative  to  the 
Eepeal  of  the  Test.    Dublin,  1780. 

16.  Thoughts  on  Newspapers  and  a  Free  Trade.  Dub- 
lin, 1780. 

17.  A  Scheme  for  a  Constitutional  Association,  &c. 
Dublin,  1780. 

18.  A  Volunteer's  Queries,  in  Spring,  1/80.  Dubhn, 
1780. 

19.  ObserratioES  on  tlie  Mutiny  Bill,  &c.  Dublin,  1781. 

20.  A  Review  of  the  three  great  National  Questions 
relative  to  a  Declaration  of  Right,  Poyning's  Law  and 
the  Mutiny  Bill.    Dublin,  1781. 

21.  The'  Alarm  ;  or,  An  Address  to  the  Nobility,  Gen- 
try,  and  Clergy  of  tho  Church  of  Ireland.     Dublin,  1783. 

22.  A  Full  Refutation  of  the  Charges  alleged  against 
Poriugal  with  respect  to  Ireland.     Dublin,  1783. 

23.  Considerations  on  the  Effects  of  Protecting  Duties. 
Dublin,  1783. 

2i.  A  Reform  of  the  Irish  House  of  Commons  Consi- 
dered.   Dublin,  1783. 
25.  Drawcansir;  or,  the  Mock  Reforms.    Dublin,  1784. 

The  last-named  pamphlet  is  *'  an  heroic  poem, 
dedicated  to  Gorg.  Edm.  Ho-n^ard,  Esq.,"  and  is 
embellished  with  a  rather  curious  portrait  of 
"Dr.  Frederick  Ilervev,  Earl  of  Bristol  and 
Bishop  of  Derry."  Any  information  respecting 
the  authorship  of  any  in  the  list  will  much  oblige 

ASHBA. 


EXTEAOCDIXARY  ASSEMBLIES  OF  BlEDS,  —  Can 

any  of  your  readers  inform  me  where  I  will  find 
an'  account  of  a  vast  assemblage  of  birds  near 
Cork  some  years  since  ? 

Last  night  about  sunset,  as  I  was  passing  a  place 
called  Pollarton  with  two  companions,  we  came 
upon  a  curious  sight.  For  at  least  half  a  mile  the 
trees,  hedges,  road,  and  fields  on  either  side  were 
literally  black  with  crows  as  close  as  letters  on  a 
sheet  of  The  Times  (so  to  speak).  The  vast  as- 
sembly was  perfectly  silent  and  almost  motion- 
less, except  where  their  members  occupied  the 
road  (so  as  to  connect  the  fields),  and  these  rose 
for  a  minute  to  let  tis  pass.  Mj^  companions  had 
never  before  seen  such  a  phenomenon.  The  num- 
ber of  crows  could  not  have  been  under  a  million. 

Burton,  in  the  Anatomy  of  Melancholy,  men- 
tions a  similar  assembly,  and  says,  "the  last  comer 
is  killed."  Query,  because  being  the  last  he  has 
not  paired  off  for  the  season,  and  is  at  their  meet- 
ings the  only  5.7c7»eZo/- .'  Sp. 

BuRTfi.VG  OF  inE  JEsriTs'  Books. — There  was 
an  article  a  few  years  ago  in  one  of  the  Magazines 
concerning  the  burning  of  the  Jesuitical  books  at 
Paris  seen  by  Bifrons.  Can  any  of  your  corre- 
spondents help  me  to  the  reference  ? 

J.  WiLKDfS,  B.C.L. 
Cuddington,  Aylesbury. 

Caliabiie.— In  the  Tunes  of  Nov.  19,  186G, 
there  is  the  report  of  a  ca;e  in  the  Court  of  Queen's 
Bench,  *'  The  Queen  v.  The  Treasurer  and  Go- 


vernors of  St.  Bartholomew's  Hospital,''  in  which 
occurs  the  following  passage :  — 

"  That  in  1557  certain  ordinances  and  articles  for  the 
government  of  Hospitals  were  derived  and  prepared,  by 
which  it  was  ordained  as  follows  : — '  The  number  of  per- 
sons that  shall  govern  the  4  Hospitals  shall  be  60  at  least, 
and  14  of  them  to  be  aldermen  ;  that  is  to  say,  6  grey- 
cloakcs  and  8  callabre,  with  52  grave  commoners,  citi- 
zens, and  freemen  of  the  city.'" 

The  Lord  Chief  Justice  asked  the  meaning  of 
the  word  callabre,  and  Sir  Eoundel  Palmer  said  he 
believed  it  meant  a  kind  of  coarser  material  of 
which  the  civic  cloaks  were  made  in  ancient 
times  as  compared  with  gi'cy  cloaks. 

As  I  cannot  find  tliis  v»-ord  in  any  dictionary  I 
have,  will  you  inform  me  whether  the  m^eaning 
given  by  Sir  I\.  Palmer  is  correct,  and  if  the  ma- 
terial was  2cool!cn  ?  '        S.  Beisly. 

Sydenham. 

A  Chsistenik-g  Sermok. — 

"  My  gossips  wei-e  M"  Jane  Hallsyc,  wife  to  M""  John 

I  I-Ialls3-e,  one  of  the  citty  captains,  and  my  sister  Howlt 

I  and  Sir  Multon  Lambard,  who  sent  M'  Michael  Lee  for 

I  his   deputy ;    my  brother  Thomas  Isles  afterwards  be- 

I  stowed  a  christening  Sermon  on  iis." — "The  Domestic 

;  Chronicle    of    Thomas    Godfrej-,    Esq.,  a.d.   1615,"    in 

!  Nichols's  Topographer,  Sj-c,  ii.  455. 

I  Were  such  sermons  usual?     In  what  part  of 

I  the  baptismal  office  would  they  be  introduced? 

I  W.H.S. 

!  Yaxley. 

I      Lord  Coke  and  the  Covrt  of  Stae-Cham- 
I  BER.  —  What  were  the  opinions  of  Coke  as  to  this 
tribunal  ?     Is  it  known  that  he  ever  lifted  up  his 
voice  against  it  publicly  ?     References  to  authori- 
ties for  these  queries  will  oblige  J.  C.  H.  F. 

Frexch  TopoGRArnr.  —  Can  you  give  me  the 
names  and  dates  of  any  works  on  Sbiith- Western 
France,  more  particularly  Bordeaux,  its  antiqui- 
ties, &c. ;  and  also  on  the  districts  of  Brittany 
(North)  and  La  ^'endee,  &c.,  published  within  the 
last  ten  or  fifteen  years  ?  George  Tragett. 

Awbridge  Danes. 

Je2?x>'S  QrEEiES. — In  my  researches  into  t'na 
history  of  the  Jenyns,  Jeunens,  and  Jennings 
families,  I  have  come  upon  several  stumbling- 
bloelvs,  many  of  which  I  cannot  remove.  I  should 
be  very  thaulcful  for  any  information  on  the  fol- 
lowing points :  — 

1.  The  relationship  between  Ralphe  Jenyns  of 
Churchill,  and  Sir  Nicholas  Jenyns  of  Islington, 
whose  estate  of  Fanne  he  inherited.  (Ralphe 
fl.  1563.) 

2.  The  descent  of  Thomas  Jennyns  of  Walley- 
bourne,  county  Salop,  who  married  the  co-heires3 
of  Jay,  and  from  whom  descended  several  wealthy 
families  of  the  name  in  Salop,  Essex,  and  Somer- 
set. 

3.  The  descendants  of  the  six  children  of  Sir 
Edmiuid  JenningS;  Kniglit,  of  Ripon^  who  was 


S'd  S.  XI.  Jan.  5,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


11 


at^ed  thirty-eight  in  the  year  of  the  visitation 
(1665);  also  the  descent  of  Peter  Jennings  of  Sjels- 
den,  county  Ebor  (Sir  Edmund'?  grandfather). 

4.  The  descent  of  Counsellor  .Jennings,  father 
of  the  Admiral,  and  of  the  cotemporary  branches 
of  this  Salop  family. 

6.  The  descent  of  Richard  Jcnnens  of  Long 
Wittenham,  Berks,  who  married  Mary  Ilolbeach, 
find  whose  son  Richard  lived  at  Priucethorp,  co. 
Warwick,  and  married,  say  1725,  Susannah  Blen- 

6.  Any  information  respecting  the  firm  of  Ross 
Jennings  &  Cox,  wharfingers,  London,  say  1790, 
and  of  the  partners  therein  ;  or  regarding  a  cer- 
tain Ross  Jennings,  born  in  Cumberland  1738, 
who  died  1822  at  Chinsurah  in  Bengal. 

FrmsK  OiiDE  Ruspi^ri. 

11,  Peel  Street,  Manchester. 

Sir  GoDrKEY  Knellek.  —  Do  his  papers,  ac- 
count books.  Sec,  exist  ?  If  so,  do  they  contain 
entries  of  the  dates  of  his  portraits  ?  S.  C. 

IIaxsah  Lightfoot  ("X.  &  Q.,"  passim.)— 
Being  well  acquainted  with  all  the  statements 
regardino-  Hannah  Lierhtfoot,  emhodied  in  my 
complete" series  of  -''N.^fc  Q.,"  and  in  Mr.  Jesse's 
recently-published  Memoirs  of  the  Life  and  Beic/n 
of  George  the  Third,  1  am  de.sirous  to  learn  upon 
what  positive  and  unquestionable  evidence  the 
claims  of  that  ladv  to  a  place  in  the  secret  liistory 
of  England  rest.  "  To  me,  and  I  believe  to  most 
others°who  have  examined  the  point,  the  truth  of 
nearly  the  whole  of  the  statements  regarding  her 
appears  questionable.  Placing  aside  all  scandal- 
ous and  suppressed  memoirs  and  unauthenticat'ed 
paragraphs,  what  are  the  clearly  ascertained  facts  ? 
i  shall  he  glad  to  receive  information  upon  the 
following  points :  — 

Mr.  Jesse  appears  to  give  some  weight  to  the 
assertion  that  Mr.  Beckford  was  a  heliever  in  this 
and  some  others  of  Olivia  Serres's  statements. 
Upon  what  authority  do  the  Coiiversafions  tcith 
Mr.  Bcchford,  published  in  the  seventy-second 
volume  of  the  New  Monthly  Magazine,  rest? 
What  is  the  history  of  the  portrait  hy  Sir  J.  Rey- 
nolds of  Mrs.  Axford,  which  Mr.  G.  Steinman 
Steinman  and  INIr.  Jesse  describe  as  existing  at 
Knowle  ?  What  is  the  date  of  puhlication  of  the 
Authentic  Records  of  the  Court  of  England  cited 
by  Mr.  Jesse  ?  A  complete  list  of  the  published 
writings  of  Olivia  Series  is  a  desideratum. 

CALCUTTE^^SIS. 

Makt  QrEEN  OF  Scots.— Are  the  letters  found 
in  the  silver  casket,  written  or  said  to  be  written 
by  the  Queen  of  Scots  to  Bothwell,  in  existence, 
or  have  tiiey  ever  been  published  ?  Has  the  letter 
been  printed  written  by  Queen  Slary  to  tlie  Queen 
Elizabeth,  stating  the  "manner  in  which  Elizabeth 
•was  abused  by  the  Countess  of  Shrewsbury  at 
Hard  wick?  -^• 


Large  Silver  Medal.— I  have  a  medal  in  fine 
preservation  with  a  profile  bust  of  William  III., 
around  which  is  his  name  and  title.  On  the  re- 
verse side  is  a  female  figure  wearing  the  naval 
crown,  and  holding  in  her  right  hand  a  trident ; 
with  the  left  she  leans  on  a  shield,  before  which 
lies  a  broken  yoke.  A  book,  probably  intended 
for  a  Bible,  with  an  olive  branch  on  it,  is  also 
Ivin?  before  her,  and  a  landscape  behind.  Above 
is  the  word  "  restitvtori  "  and  "  Britannia  . 
MDCXCVii "  in  the  exergue.  It  is  2|  inches  in 
diam.eter,  and  nearly  the  weight  of  four  crown 
pieces.  What  was  it  struck  to  commemorate  ? 
Henrv  T.  Wake. 

Morocco.  —  ^Vanted  the  names  and  date  of 
accession  of  the  Emperors  of  Morocco  Jroni  1786 
to  the  present  time.  N.  RorsE. 

Edward  Norgate  :  a  Chain  Organ. — Edward 
Norgate,  commemorated  by  Fuller  in  his  Worthies, 
by  Horace  Y\'alpole,  by  Mr.  Sainsbury  and  others, 
as  among  the  most  conspicuous  of  the  minor  artists 
of  the  reigns  of  James  1.  and  Charles  I.,  seems  to 
have  been  an  extremely  busy  person.  His  skill  in 
the  embellishment  of  manuscripts  occasioned  his 
appointment  as  Illuminator  of  Royal  Patents  and 
Writer  of  Royal  Letters  to  foreign  sovereigns.  Some 
of  these,  addressed  to  the  King  of  Persia,  the  Em- 
peror of  Russia,  the  Grand  Signor  or  Great  Mogul, 
vrere  ornamented  with  illuminated  initial  letters? 
and  fanciful  scroll  borders,  vrhich  are  said  to  liave 
been  of  very  high  merit.  Norgate  was  also  Wind- 
sor Herald,  and  adorned  pedigrees  and  grants  of 
peerage  with  exquisite  specimens  of  his  talent-S. 
His  skill  as  a  connoisseur  in  works  of  a  higher 
description  of  art  occasioned  his  employment  by 
the  Earl  of  Arundel,  and  even  by  Charles  L  and 
the  Duke  of  Buckingham,  in  the  selection  of 
works  of  vertii  for  the  galleries  which  each  of 
these  great  patrons  of  art  was  anxious  to  form. 
In  addition  to  these  professional  employments,  he 
held  the  ofiicial  post  of  one  of  the  Clerks  of  the 
Signet  Extraordinary ;  and  Mr.  Sainsbury  was^the 
first  to  point  out  that,  in  conjunction  with  Andrea 
Bassano,  Norgate  had  charge  of  the  organs  in  the 
Royal  Chapels. 

A  document  has  lately  come  before  me  which 
relates  to  Norgate's  doings  in  the  last  of^these 
capacities.  It  is  dated  February  14,  1636-7,  and 
is  a  royal  warrant  for  the  advance  to  Norgate 
(who  had  probably  outlived  Andrea  Bas.sano)  of 
the  sum  of  140/.  — 


"  To  be  imploj-ed  for  the  alteringe  and  reparac'on  of  the 
Organ  iu  our  Chappell  at  Hampton  Court,  and  for  the 
matun^e  of  a  newe  Chaiae  Organ  there,  conformable  to 
those  alreadie  made  in  our  Royal  ChappeUs  at  Whitehall 
and  Greenwiche." 

Pray  what  was  ''a  chain  organ''  ? 

John  BRrcE. 

P.S.  Any  one  of  your  readers  who  has  access 


12 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[3'-'»  S.  XI.  Jan.  5,  '67 


to  the  register  of  "burials  at  St.  Bennet's,  Paul's 
Wharf,  would  clear  up  a  little  mystery  iu  the 
biography  of  Norgate,  if  he  -would  inform  us 
•whether  Norgate  was  really  buried  in  that  parish 
on  December  23,  1050,  as  stated  by  Noble  in  his 
Hidory  of  the  College  of  Anns,  p.  262. 

Papal  Bulls  i:^  rAvotrR  of  Freemasoits. — 
Numerous  writers  agree  in  stating  that  the  popes, 
in  the  middle  ages,  issued  Bulls  recommending 
the  confraternities  of  travelling  Freemasons  as 
church-builders.  Can  any  one  give  a  reference  as 
to  where  such  documents  can  be  found  ? 

In  asking  the  above,  the  querist  has  no  inten- 
tion of  raising  the  question  whether  these  Free- 
masons were  of  the  "  operative  "  or  "  speculative  " 
craft.  He  simply  wishes  an  authority  for  an 
oft-repeated  statement,  which  he  has  never  yet 
met  with.  M.  C. 

Petraech  :  IIi^iULTEUDA.  —  Have  we  any 
translation,  French  or  English,  of  the  family  let- 
ters of  Petrarch  ?  Is  anything  known  regarding 
the  parentage  of  Himultruda,  the  concubine  of 
Charlemagne;  and  was  it  in  commemoration  of 
her  or  some  other  character  that  the  temple  at 
Aix  was  built,  and  the  name  changed  from  Aquis- 
granum  to  Aix-la-Chapelle  ?  (Burton's  Ana- 
tomy of  Melancholy,  v.  549).  Mermaid. 

Scot,  a  Local  Prefix. — There  are  nine  places 
in  England  the  first  syllable  of  whose  name  is 
Scot,  viz. :  Scotby  in  Cumberland ;  Scotforth  in 
Lancashire  ;  Scothern,Scotter,  Scottlesthorpe,  and 
Scotton  in  Lincolnshire ;  Scotton  in  Yorkshire ; 
Scott-Willoughby  in  Lincolnshire,  and  Scottow 
in  Norfolk.  Sir.  Isaac  Taylor  (see  his  JForcls  and 
Places)  seems  to  be  of  opinion  that  these  places 
take  their  name  from  Scots  having  settled  there. 
This  is,  I  think,  clearlj'-  an  error,  though  at  present 
I  do  not  ofter  another  solution.  If  any  of  your 
correspondents  can  throw  light  on  the  matter  they 
will  oblige  me.  A.  O.  V.  P. 

Shakespeare's  Bible. —  Your  note  in  praise  of 
Bishop  Wordsworth's  truly  excellent  and  valuable 
•work  on  Shakespeare's  knowledge  and  use  of  the 
Bible  induces  me  to  ask  if  it  is  known  which  ver- 
sion of  the  Scriptures  was  used  by  the  great  poet. 
Unless  I  have  overlooked  it  in  this  or  other  works 
on  the  subject,  this  interesting  question  has  not 
yet  been  solved.  J.  0.  IIalliwell. 

West  Brompton,  S.W. 

Stricken  ix  Years.— What  does  this  phrase 
mean  ?  Stricken  with  years,  old  age,  as  with  a 
disease,  or  what  ?  Richardson  gives  no  instance 
of  its  use  ;  Johnson  quotes  from  Shakspeare  — 

"  His  noble  queen  well  struck  in  j'cars  "  ; 
but   says,  "I  know  not  well  how  ''  it  is  so  iised. 
Can  any  of  your  correspondents  furnish  early  in- 
stances by  v>'hich  this  phrase  may  be  explained  ? 


Without  these  instances,  suggestions  are  but  guess- 
work. H. 

Wedderbitrn  akd  FKAUKLEsr.  —  A  short  time 
ago  I  saw  in  some  periodical,  to  which  I  have 
mislaid  the  reference,  an  intimation  that  Wedder- 
burn  had,  in  the  latter  years  of  his  life,  given 
some  explanation  of  his  motives  for  treating 
Franklin  with  especial  severity  when  examined 
before  the  Privy  Council  on  the  affair  of  the 
letters.  If  any  of  your  correspondents  can  inform 
me  what  the  explanation  was  I  shall  be  greatly 
obliged,  though  I  cannot  say  that  I  think  the 
matter  requires  any  particular  explanation.  There 
can  be  no  doubt  that  Franklin's  conduct  was  base 
and  dishonest  in  the  extreme ;  and,  though  ex- 
asperating him  may  have  proved  impolitic,  I  can- 
not think  his  chastisement,  however  severe  it  may 
have  been,  was  undeserved.  Sisyphus. 


Cyriack  Skinner.  —  I  should  be  obliged  to 
any  of  your  correspondents  who  could  tell  me 
when  Cyriack  Skinner,  grandson  of  Lord  Coke, 
and  yet  political  sympathiser  and  most  intimate 
friend  of  Milton,  died ;  where  he  died  ;  whether 
married,  and  if  married,  to  whom ;  and  whether 
he  left  any  children.  A.  M.  G. 

[Mr.  Cj-riack  Skinner,  -well  known  as  the  associate  of 
Milton,  appears  to  have  been  the  grandson  of  Sir  Vincent 
Skinner,  Kut,  whose  eldest  son  and  heir,  William  Skin- 
ner, of  Thornton  College,  co.  Lincoln,  Esq.,  married 
Bridget,  second  daughter  of  Sir  Edward  Coke,  Knt.. 
Chief  Justice  of  England.  The  affinity  between  Cyriack 
Skinner  and  this  distinguished  ornament  of  the  English 
bar  is  thus  alluded  to  by  Milton  in  his  21st  Sonnet :  — 

"  Cyriack,  whose  grandsire,  on  the  royal  bench 
Of  British  Themis,  with  no  mean  applause 
Pronounc'd,  and  in  his  volumes  taught,  our  laws, 
Which  others  at  their  bar  so  often  wrench." 

All  the  biographers  of  Milton  have  mentioned  that 
Cyriack  Skinner  was  his  favourite  pupil,  and  subsequently 
his  particular  friend.  Wood  incidentally  notices  him  in 
speaking  of  the  well-known  club  of  Commonwealth's  men, 
which  used  to  meet  in  1659  at  the  Turk's  Head  in  New 
Palace  Yard,  Westminster.  "Besides  our  author  (James 
Harrington)  and  H.  Nevill,  who  were  the  prime  men  of 
this  club,  were  Cyriack  Skinner,  a  merchant's  son  of 
London,  an  ingenious  young  gentleman,  and  scholar  to 
Jo.  Milton,  which  Skinner  sometimes  held  the  chair, 
Major  John  Wildman,"  &c.   {Athence,  iii.  1119,  ed.  1817.) 

In  the  year  1654.  we  learn  from  a  letter  addressed  to 
Milton  by  his  friend  Andrew  Marvel,  that  Skinner  "  had 
got  near  "  his  former  preceptor,  who  then  occupied  lodg- 
ings in  Petty  France,  Westminster.  About  a  3'ear  after 
Skinner  had  thus  become  the  neighbour  of  Milton,  the 
latter  addressed  to  him  that  beautiful  sonnet  on  the  loss 
of  his  siffht :  — 


3rd  s.  XI.  Jax.  5,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


13 


"  Cyriack,  this  three  years  day  these  ej-es,  though  clear, 
To  outward  vie-iv,  of  blemish  or  of  spot, 
Bereft  of  liafht,  their  seeing  have  forgot ; 
Nor  to  their  idle  orbs  doth  sight  appear 
Of  sun,  or  moon,  or  star,  throughout  the  year. 

Or  man,  or  woman." 
From  the  decided  republican  principles  which  Cyriack 
Skinner  was  well  known  to  have  adopted,  it  is  not  im- 
probable that  he  was  suspected  of  participating  in  some 
of  the  numerous  political  conspiracies  which  prevailed 
during  the  last  ten  years  of  the  reign  of  Charles  11.,  and 
that  his  papers  were  seized  in  consequence.  This  may 
account  for  the  long-lost  theological  work  by  Milton 
having  been  found  in  the  State  Taper  Office,-  called  by 
Aubrey  Idea  Theologia,  and  by  Toland  A  System  of 
Diviniiy,  and  since  translated  by  Dr.  Sumner,  entitled  A 
Treatise  on  Christian  Doctrine,  4to,  1825. 

Towards  the  close  of  his  life  Cyriack  Skinner  resided 
in  the  parish  of  St.  Martin-in-the-Fields,  where  he  was 
buried  on  August  8,  1700,  leaving  an  only  daughter, 
named  Annabella,  who  administered  to  his  effects  on 
August  20,  1700.  We  cannot  discover  his  wife's  family 
name,  who  deceased  before  him.  Vide  Dr.  Sumner's  Pi-eli- 
miuary  Observations  to  Milton's  Treatise  on  CJiristian 
Doctrine,  and  Todd's  Life  of  Milton,  8vo,  1826.] 

He:^ry  Hudson. — Is  there  any  Life  of  Henry 
Hudson  extant  ?  It  will  be  remembered  he  was 
the  first  English  navigator  who  went  up  the 
Hudson  River  from  New  York  to  Albany  about 
the  year,  1610.  The  Dutch  settlers  called  him 
Hendrick  Hudson.  He  was  also  the  first  sailor 
who  explored  Hudson's  Bay ;  which,  like  the  river 
Hudson,  was  named  after  him.  Was  he  a  regular 
naval  officer,  or  only  the  captain  of  a  merchant- 
man? Where  did  he  sail  from,  and  from  what 
family  of  Iludsons  was  he  descended  ?  I  shall 
be  glad  to  learn  any  particulars  of  him,  as  so  little 
is  known  in  America  of  his  history  or  adventures. 

Frankfort-ou-Main,  Germany. 

[Of  the  early  personal  history  of  Henrj^  Hudson  very 
little  is  known.  He  resided  in  London,  was  married,  and 
had  an  only  son  ;  but  in  what  way  he  acquired  liis  prac- 
tical skill  in  navigation  we  are  not  informed.  The  whole 
period  of  his  life  known  to  us  extends  over  little  more 
than  four  years,  from  AprillO,  1607,  to  June  21,  1611. 
The  greater  part  of  this  time  is  filled  up  by  four  voyages, 
all  of  them  undertaken  in  search  of  a  short  northern  pas- 
sage to  the  eastern  shores  of  Asia.  The  first  voyage  was 
performed  in  1607,  for  the  Muscovy  Company :  its  pur- 
pose was  the  search  of  a  north-eastern  passage  to  China, 
The  second  voyage  took  place  in  1608,  also  in  search 
of  a  north-eastern  passage  to  China.  The  third  voyage 
•was  undertaken  in  1609,  at  the  expense  of  the  Dutch 
East  India  Company.  Its  starting-place  was  Amster- 
dam, its  original  purpose  still  the  search  of  a  north- 
eastern route.  In  1610,  Hudson  again  sailed  to  the 
north-west   in  search    of  a   passage:    the  expenses  of 


the  expedition  were  borne  by  three  English  gentlemen. 
Hudson  explored  the  strait  and  part  of  the  bay  which 
bear  his  name.  He  passed  the  winter  1610-11  in  one  of 
the  most  southern  harbours  of  the  bay.  On  the  21st  of 
June,  1611,  a  few  days  after  he  had  again  left  that  har- 
bour, a  mutiny  broke  out  among  the  crew;  and  Hudson, 
with  eight  companions,  was  set  adrift  on  the  waves  in 
a  small  boat,  and  has  never  since  been  heard  of.  The 
ship  and  part  of  the  mutinous  crew  reached  England  in 
safet3\  The  details  of  Hudson's  voyages  are  given  at 
length  in  Purchas's  Pilgrims  and  Harris's  Voyages.  The 
Hakluyt  Society  has  published  the  following  work : 
"  Henry  Hudson  the  Navigator  :  the  original  documents 
in  which  his  career  is  recorded  collected,  partly  translated, 
and  annotated,  with  an  Introduction  by  G.  M.  Asher, 
LL.D.  1860,  8vo."  Consult  also  The  Life  of  Henry 
Hudson,  by  H.  R.  Cleveland,  in  Sparks's  Library  of 
American  Biographj',  vol.  x.,  Boston,  12rao,  1848 ;  The 
Adventiires  of  Henry  Hudson,  New  York,  12mo,  1854 ; 
and  the  Biographia  Britannica.'\ 

Stafford,  Talbot,  etc. — Could  some  of  your 
readers  inform  me  how  a  document  (on  vellum) 
which  I  possess  bears  the  sign-manual  "  F.  Staf- 
ford," whereas  it  is  headed:  "Nous  Jehan  Sei- 
gneur de  Talbot  et  de  furnival,  Marechal  de  France, 
Certiffions  par  ces  presentes,"  &c.,  and  ending: 
"  En  tesmoing^  de  ce  nous  avous  scele  ces  p'''*  de 
N"'''  Seel  le  penultieme  Jour  de  Juillet  I'an  Mil 
cccc  trente  Sept,"  and  the  seal,  a  lai'ge  one  in  red' 
wax,  the  greater  part  of  which  is  in  very  good  pre- 
servation, bears  the  arms  of  Talbot  and  Furnival 
(the  latter  spelt  with  two  Fs)  :  in  the  1st  and  3rd 
quarters  a  lion  erect ;  in  the  2nd  and  4tli  hix  black 
birds  with  a  stripe  gules.  The  latter  I  suppose 
to  be  the  arms  of  the  Furnivals  from  the  old  Nor- 
man poem  — 

"  Avec  eus  fa  achimenez 
Ci  beau  Thomas  de  Fournival, 
Ki  kant  sur  le  cheval 
Ne  sembloit  home  ke  sommeille 
Six  merles  e  bende  vermeille 
Portoit  en  la  baniere  blanche." 
Is  this  name  of  "  Stafford  "  merely  that  of  an 
amanuensis,  or  one  of  the  names  of  John  Talbot  ? 

P.  A.  L. 
[We  can  only  conjecture  that  "  Stafford  "  was  no  part 
of  the  deed,  which  was  not  intended  to  be  signed.] 

St.  John's  Gospel. — It  is  said  that  the  Gospel 
according  to  St.  John  is  not  authentic.  I  shall 
be  glad  to  be  informed  what  writer  I  can  consult 
on  the  subject.  P.  E.  M. 

[On  the  authenticity  of  the  Gospel  by  St.  John  the 
following  works  may  be  consulted :  Smith's  Dictionary 
of  the  Bible,  i.  1111,  an  article  from  the  pen  of  the  Rev. 
Wm.  Thomas  Bullock,  M.A. ;  Dr.  Samuel  Davidson's  Li- 
troduction  to  the  New  Testament,  ed.  1848,  i.  225  ;  and 
B.  F.  Westcott's  Introduction  to  the  Study  of  the  Gospels, 
ed.  1860, p.  230,  &c.  Mr.  Westcott  judiciously  remarks,  that 
"  the  chain  of  evidence  in  support  of  the  authenticity  of 


u 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[S'd  S.  XI.  Jan.  5,  '17. 


the  Gospel  in,  indeed,  complete  and  continuous  as  far  as  it 
falls  under  our  observation.  Not  one  historical  doubt  is 
raised  from  anj-  quarter  ;  and  the  lines  of  evidence  con- 
verge towards  the  point  where  the  Gospel  was  written, 
and  from  Avhich  it  v/as  delivered  to  the  churches."] 


ilrpltf^. 

FRENCH  BOOKS  ON  ENGLAND. 
(S'"  S.  X.  413.) 

In  the  new  and  too  short-lived  series  of  the  Jie- 
trosjiective  Revievj,  published  a  few  years  ago  by 
the  respectable  and  intelligent  bibliopole,  Mr.  J. 
Russell  Smith,  of  Soho  Square,  will  be  found  an 
article  (vol.  i.  p.  37)  upon  "French  Pictures  of 
the  English  during  the  last  Century."  Especial 
reference  is  made  to  the  satire  entitled  Les  Sauvages 
de  V Europe,  of  which  a  translation  is  before  me — 
"  The  Savages  of  Europe.  From  the  French. 
London,  12aio,  1764."  This  book  was  written 
by  Louvel,  and  reappeared  in  1804,  with  the  title 
of  the  Paqtiebot  Anglais,  under  the  editorial  care 
of  M.  Regnault-Warin.  The  later  date,  however, 
of  the  reproduction  will  hardly  bring  this  little 
work  under  the  category  of  recent  books,  concerning 
which  alone  your  correspondent  is  probably  in- 
terested ;  nor  will  that  of  the  savage  libel  of 
General  Pillet,  also  referred  to  in  the  article  to 
■which  I  have  drawn  attention — "  L' Anglsterre  vue 
aLoiulres  ctdans  ses  Provinces,  pendant  un  sejour  de 
div  Annees,  do7it  six  comme  Prisonnier  de  Guerre, 
par  M.  le  Mari^chal-de-eamp  Pillet.  Paris,  8vo, 
1815."  This  book,  which  for  virulence  and  un- 
scrupulousness  of  malignity  has  probably  no  equal, 
was  published  to  please  Buonaparte,  during  the 
hundred  days,  but  was  afterwards  so  rigidly  sup- 
pressed by  Louis  XVIII.,  in  gratitude  towards  the 
nation  which  had  supported  him,  that  it  has  be- 
come a  literary  curiosity  of  considerable  rarity. 
As  I  have  said  above,  it  can  hardly  be  considered 
recent,  and  I  have  alluded  to  it  chiefly  for  the  pur- 
pose of  stating  that  a  defence  of  the  British  people 
and  constitution,  in  answer  to  the  attacks  of  Pillet 
and  others,  was  written  in  1817  by  M.  dela  Vau- 
guyon,  ills  ain6.  and  appeared  under  the  editorial 
auspices  of  M.  Vievard,  This  work  was  translated 
into  English  by  William  Tanner  Young,  and  pub- 
lished so  recently  as  1847  by  Peter  Jackson  (late 
Fisher  &  Co.),  London,  8vo,  pp.  202,  under  the 
title  of  The  Jrutli  in  regard  to  England  in  1817,  by 
a  Frenchman. 

The  title  of  the  little  book  first  mentioned  re- 
minds me  of  a  phrase  used  by  Brantome  :  — 

"  In  his  account  of  the  Vidame  of  Chartres  he  says, 
that  v/heu  that  lord  passed  to  London,  as  one  of  the  hos- 
tages for  the  perfyrmaace  of  the  treaty  betv.'een  England 
and  France,  he  rendered  himself  so  agreeable  to  King 
Edward  (III..?),  that  he  took  him  with  liim, ' jusqu'au 
Jin  fonds  dcs  sauvages  d'Escosse.' " — WalpoJiana,  xxxvi. 


A  witty  Frenchman  has  said  of  us  that  Ave  are 
"les  Chinois  de  I'Europe." 

Here,  too,  may  be  noticed  the  little  essay  of  a 
philosophic  writer,  who,  in  ^brochure  of  5G  pages, 
discusses  cur  political  and  commercial  condition  at 
the  close  of  the  Avar,  and  the  effects  upon  our 
taste,  iil  arts  and  manufactures,  of  our  long  sepa- 
ration "  d'avec  les  terres  classiques  de  I'Europe." 
The  title  of  this  is  — 

"  De  I'Angleterre  ct  les  Anglais.  Par  Jean-Baptiste- 
Say,  &,  Paris,  8vo,  1815." 

In  the  year  after  the  publication  of  Pillefs 
pamphlet,  and  from  the  same  publisher,  Ave  have 
a  slender  octavo  — 

"  Quinze  Jours  h,  Loudres  a  la  fin  dc  1815.  Par  M. 
***.     Paris,  1816." 

This  Avas  followed  by  — 

"  Six  Mois  Ji  Londres  en  1816,  suite  de  I'ouvrage  ayant 
pour  titre :  '  Quinze  Jours  si  Londres  a  la  fin  de  1815,' 
&c.    Paris,  1817." 

These  two  volumes  consist  of  a  series  of  A-ery 
lively,  genia,!,  graphic  sketches,  on  "Eliza  Fen- 
ningj"  "  Selling  Wives,"  "  The  Tutbury  Bull- 
running,"  &c.,  and  well  merit  perusal.  The 
author — whoje  name  I  should  be  glad  to  know — 
is  much  more  liberal  in  his  remarks  on  our  na- 
tional characteristics  than  his  predecessor,  M. 
Pillet:  though  he  mildly  censures  the  ^jowi:- 
p)hlet  of  the  latter  as  a  book  ''  dans  lequel,  au 
milieu  de  beaucoup  de  veriles,  il  se  trouve  peut- 
etre  quelques  exagerations  que  les  Anglais  taxent 
de  calomnies."  lie  goes  on  to  describe  a  panto- 
mime which  he  went  to  see  at  Sadler's  Wells, 
(which  he  speaks  of  as  "  environne  de  spacieuses 
prairies,")  entitled  Xo?jf?ort  and  Paris,  in  the  course 
of  which  — 

"  On  amene  sur  le  The'atre  un  acteur  en  uniforme  de 
gene'ral  fran^ais — '  a  genoux,  31.  Pillet,  lui  dit-on  :  de- 
mandez  pardon  aux  dames  anglaises,  que  a^ous  avez 
calomnit'es  ' ; — lorsqu'il  a  fait  cette  amende  honorable,  on 
apporte  une  couA-erture;  on  lui  donne  le  divertissement 
dont  Sancho  fut  re'gale  dans  I'auberge  de  Maritorne,  et 
la  toile  se  baisse  aux  grands  applaudissemens  des  specta- 
teurs." — Page  197. 

A  year  or  two  later  gave  us  a  series  of  some- 
what similar  works,  under  the  various  titles  of  — 

"  Londres  en  1819  "  ;  "  Londres  en  1820  "  ;  "  Londres  en 
1821";  "Une  Annee  a  Londres";  "Six  Semaines  en 
Plotel  garni  a  Londres";  and  lastly,  I  think,  "Londres 
en  milhuit  cent  vingt-deux  ;  ou,  Recueil  de  Lettres  sur 
la  Politique,  la  Litte'rature,  et  les  Moeurs,  dans  le  Coui-s 
de  I'Annee  1822.  Par  I'auteur  de,  &c.  Paris,  Svo, 
1823." 

This,  too,  is  the  place  to  notice  the  more  pre- 
tentious, but  Avorthless,  Avork  of  a  Avell-known 
Bourbonist :  — 

"  De  I'Angleterre  ;  pra-  Monsieur  Kubichon.  2  a'oIs. 
8vo,  Paris,  1819." 

A  good  notice  of  this  will  be  found  in  the 
Quarterly  Review,  No.  XLV. 


3>-!iS.  XI.  Jas.  5,'G7.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


15 


Next  may  Le  ineutioiied  t'wo  volumss  of  coa- 
siJ arable  merit:  — 

•  Letters  on  England,  by  Victor,  Count  lie  Solignj-- 
I'ranslated  from  the  original  MSS.  2  vols.  8vo.  London. 
1823." 

Ill  tli3  next  year  appeared  the  woH-knov>-n  and 
able  — 

"Voyages  dans  la  Grande-Bretagne,  &l".  Par  Chailos 
Dupin.'    2  torn.  8vo.     Paris,  1821." 

These  volumes,  which  relate  chiefly  to  the 
commercial  po-^er  of  England,  arc  noticed  in  the 
Quarterly  Mevieic,  No.  LX. 

Next  may  be  mentioned  the 

"  Vo^-age  Historique  et  Litteraire  en  Ar.gleterrc  et  en 
I'lurope.  Par  Amadee  Pichot,  D.M.  3  torn.  8vo.  Paris, 
1825." 

The  errors  in  this  flippant  and  trashy  bool:  were 
exposed  in  the  QuaHa-hj,  No.  Lxiv. 

In  the  same  year  we  have  — 

'•Lettres  sur  rAngleterre.  Par  A.  dc  Staiii-Holstein. 
8vo.     Paris,  1825." 

An  edition  of  this  work  in  English  was  pub- 
lished simidtaueously  by  Treuttel,  I-ondon  and 
Paris. 

The  following  work,  though  its  authorship  is 
attributed  to  an  earlier  period  by  half  a  century, 
may  be  properly  noticed  here  in  respect  of  date  of 
publication :  — 

"  Mirabeau's  Letter?,  during  his  residence  in  England, 
with  Anecdotes,  Maxims,  &c.    2  vols.  8vo.     1832." 

Another  stupid  and  splenetic  book  must  be  here 
mentioned :  — 

"Great  Britain  in  183.3.  By  Baron  .d'Haussez,  Ex- 
Minister  of  Marine  under  King  Charles  X.  2  vols.  8vo. 
London,  1833." 

A  good  article  on  "  English  History  and  Cha- 
racter on  the  French  Stage  "  will  bo  found  in  the 
Foreign  Qnartci-Jy,  vol.  xxxi.  No.  Lxr.  p.  140. 

Hardly  a  French  book,  though  written  in  the 
French  language,  is  — 

'•Germany,  England,  and  Scotland ;  or,  Recollections 
of  a  Swiss  Minister.'  By  J,  H.  Merle  d'Aubign^,  D.D. 
London,  8vo,  1848."  ' 

There  are  doubtless  many  intervening  publica- 
tions, but  the  next  in  date  on  my  own  shelves  is 
the  able  and  liberal  work  :  — 

"  De  I'Avenir  Politique  de  I'Angleterre.  Par  le  Comte 
do  Montalembert.    8vo.     Paris,  1S5G." 

A  translation  was  published  by  Murray,  8vo, 
1856,  and  this  was  reviewed  in  The  Times  of 
March  27,  in  tlio  same  year. 

This  is  a  book  which  every  Englisliman  should 
read  and  reread ;  following  it  up  with  the  cele- 
brated 

"Debat  sur  riiulc  au  Parlement  Anglais.  London 
(Jeffs),  Svo,  1858," 

or  the  authorised  translation  into  English  of  the 
same,  from  the  Correspondent  of  Oct.  29,  1858, 
pubii.shed  also  by  .Jeffs,  price  1?. 


Though_  the  book  is  flippant,  querulous,  and 
unfair,  with  some  very  ridiculous  stories  and 
blunders,  the  small  sum  of  one  franc  will  not  be 
misspent  in  the  purchase  of 

"  Les  Anglais  eliez  eux.  Par  Francis  V>\'v.  P;iris, 
Michel  Le'vy  Frbros.    8vo.     1856." 

Any  sum,  however,  would  be  too  dear  for  the 
stupid  work  of  Ledru-IioUiu  on  the  Decadence  de 
T Angleterre,  even  on  the  old  principle  ''  Fas  est  et 
ab  hoste  doceri." 

Another  recent  book  of  similar  title,  but  much 
more  genial  tone  and  philosophic  spirit,  is  the 
work  of  M.  Alphonse  Esquiroz,  of  which  the 
Eiiglish  translation  is  entitled  "  2'he  English  at 
Hume.     3  vols.  12mo.     1881." 

The  original  papers  of  this  enlightened  and 
liberal  observer,  under  the  head  of  '■  L'^Vngleterre 
et  la  Vie  Anglaise,"  date  their  cominenceraent 
from  the  Revv.e  des  Deux  Mondes,  1857  (tome 
ouzieine,  p.  3G7),  and  will  be  found  continued  in 
the  succeeding  volumes  almost  down  to  the  pre- 
sent day.  As  tliere  are  no  more  minute  and 
elaborate,  so  there  probably  exist  no  more  valuable 
studies  on  our  national  life  and  character  than 
those  of  M.  Esquiroz.  He  is  not  one  of  those  who 
think  that  a  period  of  "  quinze  jours,"  or  even  of 
"  six  mois,"  passed  in  the  immediate  purlieus  of 
Leicester  Square,  would  qualify  him  to  write  on 
the  subject  he  has  chosen.  Aware  of  its  complex 
structure  and  myriform  aspects,  he  has  prepared 
himself,  by  earnest  and  conscientious  study,  and 
has  noted  the  results  in  a  liberal  and  truthful 
spirit.  In  a  word,  he  has  begun  v/here  others 
have,  or  should  have,  ended— with  a  recognition 
of  the  truth  v/hich  will  be  forced  on  the  convic- 
tion of  the  reader  of  the  generality  of  books  on 
the  same  subject,  and  with  the  enunciation  of 
which  M.  Esquiroz  commences  his  papers :  — 
"  Rien  n'est  plus  facile  que  d'llcrire  sur  I'Angle- 
terre, rien  n'est  plus  difficile  que  de  la  connaitre." 

I  have  reserved  for  the  last,  as  indeed  its  date 
demands,  a  notice  of  a  very  charming  book,  which 
differs  from  the  ethers  I  have  mentioned  in 
treating  of  country  and  provincial,  rather  than  the 
metropolitan  life  of  England,  which  latter,  in  the 
great  majoiity  of  cases,  naturally  engrosses  the 
entire  attention  of  the  French  visitor,  as  being,  in 
his  judgment,  the  sole  worthy  of  study  and  coui- 
niemoration.  With  us,  however,  London  is  not 
England.     This  book  is  entitled  — 

"  Vie  de  village  en  Angleterre ;  ou  Souvenirs  d'un 
Exile.  Par  I'auteur  de  FEtude  sur  Channing.  Paris. 
8vo,  1862." 

I  perceive — I  may  just  add  in  conGiu:.iou— that 
tiie  third  volume  has  just  appeared  of  the  last 
vv-ork  of  the  illustrious  Montalembert,  TIic  His- 
tory of  the  Monhs  of  the  IVcst.  This  is  noticed  in 
the  Paris  correspondent's  letter  in  I'hc  Times  of 
Dec.  3,  where  will  be  fo'.md  an  elegant  and  spirited 
translation  of  the  opening  passage,  which  fcrms 


16 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[3'd  S.  XI.  Jan.  5,  '67 


a  brilliant  and  eloquent  eulogy  on  the   Britisli 
nation.  William  Bates. 

Birmingham. 

Some  few  years  ago  a  very  interesting  series  of 
papers  appeared  in  the  Revue  des  Deux  3IoncIes  on  1 
Holland,  which  I  read  with  great  pleasure,  but  I  ! 
cannot  answer  for  the  feelings  of  a  Dutchman.  | 
This  was  succeeded  by  articles  on  England  by  the  i 
same  writer  who  had  previously  fascinated  me  :  ' 
but,  although  there  Wiis  the  same  sparkling  pen,  | 
there  was  an   entire   absence  of  the  breadth  of  i 
mind  exhibited  in  his  "  Holland."     Both  works,  ' 
after  being   separately  published  in  Paris,  were  • 
translated  into  English  ;    and  a  second  volume,  | 
on  the  English  also,  subsequently  made  its  ap-  I 
pearance  in  English,  apparently  intended  to  atone  j 
to  Englishmen  for  some  of  the  absurdities  which  ; 
gratified  his  French  countrymen  in  the  first  volume.  \ 
Such  "Eevues  "  are,  like  Pindar's  razors,  made  to 
sell  and  not  to  shave.     The  writer  appears  to  have 
taken  up  his   residence   in   the   vicinity  of  our 
Crystal  Palace,  and  to  have  stepped  out  first  thing 
on  the  Gypsies  of  Norwood  ;  for  a  large  portion  of 
his  first,  and,  according  to  his  original  design,  only 
volume,   is  taken  up  with  a  description  of  this 
vagabond   class   as   autochthones  and  peculiarly 
and  specially  English,  as  if  no  such  people  existed 
in  France  or  any  other  part  of  the  world.     He 
finds  many  charms  in  Gypsy  women,  and  assures 
his  readers  that  they  are  to  be  found  amongst  the 
wealthy  and  noble  families  of  England ;  but  he 
ctmningly  remarks,  it  is  difficult  to  recognise  them 
after  exaltation  from  their  original  habitat.     One 
he  mentions  as  prima  donna  at  the  St.  Peters- 
burgh   opera-house.       Such   descriptions   of   the 
English  have  a  sale   amongst  Frenchmen,  who, 
like  the  rest  of  the  world,  prefer  to  have  their 
prejudices  flattered  rather  than  to  learn  the  truth. 
Other  French  works   might   be   mentioned   de- 
scriptive of  the  English,  some  of  which  have  been 
reviewed  by  the    Quarterly  and  Edinburgh,  and 
■which  are  still  more  absurd.     These  are  the  suc- 
cessors to  the  great  French  authors  of  the  la.st 
century,  who  appear  to  have  had  a  better  know- 
ledge of  the  English,  with  more  candour  and  good 
sense.  T.  J.  BrcKTOx. 

Streatham  Place,  S. 


Many  celebrated  Frenchmen  (including  Guizot, 
Louis  Blanc,  Montalembert)  have,  within  these 
few  years,  written  works  upon  us  and  our  doings. 
The  papers  by  Esquiros,  however  (first  published 
in  the  Revue  des  Deux  Mondes),  hold  deservedly 
the  first  place.  They  ai"e  translated,  and  the 
translations  are  to  be  had  at  almost  every  library. 

NOELL  RaDECLIFFE. 


CHAPLAINS  TO  THE  LORDS  SPIRITUAL  AND 
TEMPORAL,  JUDGES  OF  THE  HIGH  COURTS, 
AND  OTHER  PUBLIC  FUNCTIONARIES. 

(3'^  S.  X.  414.) 

The  nominations  and  appointments  of  chaplains 
to  the  royal  family,  peers  of  the  realm,  &c.,  are, 
with  the  privilege  attached,  derived  from  and  de- 
pendent upon  three  Acts  of  Parliament  passed  in 
the  reign  of  King  Henry  YHI.,  viz.  :  — 

1st.  Act  —  the  21st  Henry  VUI.  c.  13,  entitled 
"  Spiritual  Persons  abridged  from  having  Plurali- 
ties of  Livings,  and  from  taking  of  Fermes." 

The  chief  object  of  this  Act  was  to  restrain  the 
holding  of  pluralities  by  spiritual  persons,  and  de- 
fines the  extent  to  which  they  might  take  and 
hold  lands  to  farm  or  otherwise,  and  what  reli- 
gious houses,  masters  of  colleges  and  hospitals, 
might  keep  demesne  lands  in  their  hands  for  the 
maintenance  of  their  houses. 

There  are,  as  was  generally  the  case,  exceptions 
provided  for,  and  privileges  granted  to  some  class 
or  other  exclusively. 

Ey  sect.  13  persons  are  named  in  whose  favour 
exception  is  made  in  regard  to  their  privilege  of 
purchasing  licences  or  dispensations  to  have  and 
hold  more  benefices  than  one,  viz. : — 

All  Spiritual  Men  of  the  King's  Council  to  take  and 
keep  three  benefices  with  cure  of  souls. 

All  Kinsj's  Chaplains  not  sworn  of  the  ^ 
Council To  hold  2  Be- 

Chaplains  of  the  Queen,  Prince,  or  Prin-  y  nefices  with 
cess,  or  of  any  of  the  King's  Childi-en,  j  cure  of  souls. 
Brethren,  Sisters,  Uncles,  or  Aunts       .  J 


By  sect.  14  every  Archbishop  may 
have  .... 

Every  Duke 
By  sect.  15  every  Marquess    . 

Every  Earl 
By  sect.  16  every  Viscount 

Everj'  Bishop 
By  sect.  17  the  Chancellor  of  Eng 
land  for  the  time  being      . 

Every  Baron 

Every  Knight  of  the  Garter 
By  sect"  18  every 

Duchess  "^ 

Marchioness 

Countess 

Baroness 
By  sect.  19 

Treasurer,     }  of  the    King's    \ 

Comptroller  j  House    .        .      J 

King's  Secretary  .        . 

Dean  of  the  Chapel 

King's  Almoner    .        .         .        . 

Master  of  the  Rolls 

Chief  Justice  of  the  King's  Bench 

The  Warden  of  the  5  Ports  for  the 
time  being 


Being  widows 


And  each 
^;  hold  2  Bene 
/  fices  with 
'  cure  of  souls 


.  1  ; 


Si-d  S.  XI.  Jan.  5,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


17 


By  sect.  24  every  Archbishop  because  be 
must  occupy"  e<^/i(  Chaplains  at 'con- 
secration of  Bishops,  and  every  Bishop 
because  he  must  occup}'  six  Chaplains  ,  To  hold  2  Be- 
at giving  of  orders  and  consecration  of  '  nefices. 
churches,  may  have  two  additional 
Chaplains  with  same  privilege  of  hold- 
ing 2  Benefices. 

By  sect.  33  every 
Duchess,  "J 

ar[B.i».- Widows, 

Baroness  J 
notwithstanding  their  remarriage  with  husbands  under 
the  degree  of  a  Baron  as  before  limited  to  the  m  being 
Widows,  and  such  Chaplain  to  have  same  privilege  of 
holding  2  Benefices. 

2nd.  Act  —  the  25tli  Henry  VIII.  c.  16,  enti- 
tled "  Ajo.  Act  that  every  Judge  of  the  High 
Courts  may  have  one  Chaplain  beneficed  -with 
Cure."' 

Which  Act  cites  21  Henry  Vlll.  c.  13,  in  which 
it  is  stated  that  no  provision  was  made  for  any  of 
the  king's  judges  of  his  high  courts,  commonly 
called  the  King's  Bench  and  Common  Pleas,  ex- 
cept only  for  the  Chief  Judge  of  the  King's  Bench, 
nor  for  the  Chancellor,  nor  Chief  Baron  of  the 
King's  Exchequer,  nor  for  any  other  inferior  per- 
sons being  of  the  King's  most  Honourable  Coun- 
cil J  and  therefore  it  was  enacted  that  — 

Chaplain. 
Every  Judge  ofthe  said  High  Courts  ^ 


Chancellor  of  the  Exchequer  .  .It  f'Ti'  i"^" 

Chief  Baron  of  the  Exchequer  .     1      yhold  1  Bene- 

King's  Attorney-General         .  -1 

„      General  Solicitor  .        .  .     1     J 

3rd.  Act  —  the  33rd  Henry  VIII.  c.  28,  enti- 
tled "An  Act  for  the  Chancellor  of  the  Duchy 
of  Lancaster  and  others." 

Which  Act  recites  that  of  21  Henry  VIII.  c.  13, 
wherein  no  provision  was  made  for  any  of  the 
head  officers  of  the  king's  several  courts  of  the 
Duchy  of  Lancaster,  the  Courts  of  Augmentations 
of  the  Revenues  of  the  Crown,  the  JFirst  Fruits 
and  Tenths,  the  Master  of  the  Court  of  Wards 
and  Liveries,  the  General  Surveyor  of  Crown 
Lands,  and  other  of  the  king's  courts.  It  was 
thereby  enacted  that  — 

The  Chancellor  of  the  Court  of  the  Duchy  of  Lancaster. 

„    Chancellor  of  the  Court  of  Augmentations. 

„    Chancellor  of  the  Court  of  First  Fruits  and  Tenths. 

„    Master  of  the  King's  Wards  and  Liveries. 

„    General  Surveyor  of  the  Crown  Lands. 

„    Treasurer  of  the  King's  Chamber. 

„     Treasurer  of  the  Court  of  Augmentations. 

„    Groom  of  the  Stole. 
Each  of  whom  may  take  one  benefice  with  cure  of  souls. 

The  appointments  of  chaplains  are  registered 
in  the  Office  of  the  Master  of  the  Faculties  in 
Doctors'  Commons,  and  if  there  be  any  salary  or 
stipend  annexed  to  the  appointment,  it  is  subject 
to  a  stamp  duty  of  21. ;  but  if  otherwise  (merely 


honorary)  there  is  no  stamp  upon  the  appoint- 
ment. 

In  a  list  kept  at  the  Faculty  Office  of  the  per- 
sons entitled  to  appoint  chaplains,  there  occur.=i 
the  following  not  named  in  the  statute  of  the 
21st  Henry  VIII.,  viz :  — 

Secretarj'  of  State.* 
Clerk  of  the  Closet. 

Widow  of  Clerk  of  the  Closet :  though  she  marry,  that 
doth  not  take  off  qualification. 

The  Faculty  List  doth  not  appear  to  take  notice 
of  various  other  persons  or  officers  named  in  the 
Acts  of  the  25th  or  33rd  of  Henry  VIII.,  al- 
though it  includes  two  not  named  in  the  Act  of 
the  21st  or  either  of  the  others. 

A  note  appended  to  the  Faculty  Office  List 
says,  that  a  peer  being  a  Knight  of  the  Garter 
may  appoint  three  in  addition  to  his  peerage 
number. 

This  Act  of  the  21st  Henry  VIII.  was  enforced 
by  the  25th  Henry  VIII.  c.'21,  s.  21,  which  was 
repealedhy  1  &  2  Philip  and  Mary. 

The  Act  of  the  25th  Henry  VIII.  was  repealed 
by  1  &  2  Philip  and  Mary  c.  8  ;  and  by  s.  27  ofthe 
same  Act  that  part  of  the  statute  of  the  21st 
Henry  VIII.  recited  in  s.  3  is  repealed  by  s.  4. 
The  statute  of  1  &  2  Philip  and  Mary  is  repealed 
by  1  &  2  Eliz,  e.  1,  except  in  such  branches  and 
clauses  as  therein  excepted. 

By  the  8th  and  10th  sections  the  Act  of  the  25th 
Henry  VIII.  is  re-cnadcd  and  revived;  but  by 
26  &  '27  Vict,  this  Act  was  again  repealed. 

There  are  several  enactments  which  seem  to 
affect  this  question,  viz. :  57th  Geo.  III.  c.  99; 
1  &  2  Vict.  c.  106,  amended  by  13  &  14  Vict, 
c.  98 ;  18  &  19  Vict.  c.  127,  extended  by  23  &  24 
Vict.  e.  142 ;  26  &  27  Vict.  c.  125. 

Considering  these  various  statutes,  it  is  diffi- 
cult to  say  what  remains  of  the  original  statute  of 
the  2l3t  Henry  VIII.  The  privileges  it  conferred 
are  clearly  annihilated  in  regard  to  holding  plu- 
ralities. That  of  the  2oth  Henry  VIII.,  by  which 
the  judges  had  the  benefit  of  the  Act  of  the  21st 
Henry  VIII.  extended  to  them,  is  repealed  in  toto  : 
so  that  it  may  be  asked  under  what  authority  do 
the  Lords  Temporal  in  Parliament,  the  Judges, 
and  other  public  functionaries  appoint  chaplains 
unless  under  some  common-law  right  existing 
previous  to  the  statute  of  the  21st  Henry  VIII.  ? 
and  from  a  passage  in  Lord  Coke's  report  of  Ac- 
ton's case,  45  Eliz.,  it  would  appear  that  a  com- 
mon-law right  did  exist  before  the  statute  of 
21  Henry  VIII,     See  Coke's  RepoHs,  ii.  117. 

J,  R, 


*  The  Act  provides  for  the  "  King's  Secretary."  There 
are  now  four  Secretaries  of  State,  equally  the  King's 
Secretaries. 


18 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[3^ 


51.  Jan. 


ROFKDELS :  VERSES  OK  FRUIT  TRENCHERS. 

(l'»  S.  xi.  1.09,  21.3,  207,  448;   xii.  290; 
3"J  S.  X.  472.) 

The  Gentleman  i  Mar,  izinc.  of  tho  last  century 
supplied  the  place  of  tlie  "  X.  L  Q."  of  our  more 
favoured  day.  In  its  volumes  for  1793,  1794, 
1797,  and  1799,  the  siibject  of  '"Itoundels"  at- 
tracted much  attention;  and  in  p.  458,  of  the 
voluino  for  1799,  .Mr.  John  Fenton,  of  Fishguard, 
quotes  the  second  of  tho  four  .^tanzas  given  Ly 
Mil.  I'iGGor,  Jtrx.  (p.  472  abovej,  and  supplies  a  , 
skdi-h  of  the  beecheu  plate  on  ■which  it  was  j 
painted,  spiiaking  of  it  as  "one  of  a  set  in  the  | 
possession  of  a  young  antiquary,"  and  that  he  j 
"can  trace  them  back  to  Queen  Elizabeth's  time."  i 
Should  this  "  young  antiquary  "  of  1799  be  the 
game  \vith  Richard  Fenton,  F.S.A.  (also  of  Fish- 
guard), author  of  An  Ilisfon'ral  Tour  tkrouf/h  Pcm- 
brokishirr,  they  may  have  found  their  way  from 
his  collection  to  the  Bodleian  Library :  and  a  com- 
parison of  the  en;rraTing  vfith  the  specimens  there 
might  possibly  establish  their  identity,  and  in 
such  case  would  account  for  Mr.  Piggot's  per- 
haps only  conjectural  assertion  that  the  set  had 
belonged  to  Queen  Elizabeth.  Mr.  Piggot  as- 
sumes that  they  were  fniit  trenchers ;  but  this 
Wiis  the  great  subject  of  discussion,  and  although 
one  correspondent,  as  I  shall  show,  calls  them 
"■trenchers  for  cheese  or  sweetmeats,"  the  general 
opinion  seojned  to  be  that  they  were  used  in  some 
game,  or  as  conversation  cards ;  and  their  limited 
size  (ij  to  5^  inches),  tlieir  thinness,  and  their 
perfi'ct  flatness,  would  seem  to  encourage  this 
opinion :  which  opinion  appears  equally  to  have 
prevailed  among  your  various  correspondents  in 
"N.  &  Q.,"  vol.  xi.,  as  referred  to  above. 

Having  thus  taken  advantage  of  Mr.  Piggot'.s 
note  to  reopen  the  subject  as  one  of  interest,  and 
in  tlie  hope  that  during  the  lost  tea  years  some 
further  specimens  may  have  been  discovered  and 
some  new  light  thrown  on  their  history,  I  should 
like  permission  to  give  a  condensed  summary  of 
what  was  said  by  Mr.  Urban's  friends,  except 
where  they  liave  already  been  alluded  to  in 
"  N.  &  C^.'"— £;uch  as  in  the  first  recorded  case,  in 
the  volume  for  1793  (p.  398),  which  has  been 
described  in  your  vol.  xi.  p.  2G7 — merely  adding 
tliat  they  arc  spoken  of  as  being  vcr;/  thin,  flat,  and 
appearing  to  be  a.s  old  as  the  time  of  Henry  YII. 
or  Henry  VIII.,  and  of  which  the  facsimile  en- 
gravings given  are  really  very  curious. 

At  pp.'  1187-8,  Part  ii.  of  the  same  volume 
(1793),  there  are  three  communications  describ- 
ing dilieront  sets.  The  first,  consisting  of  "  more 
than  ton,"  Jiad  been  found  "  walled  up  in  a  farm- 
house, which  had  been  a  religious  house,"  at  St. 
Leonard's  in  Bedford  :  "  Some  were  finely  painted 
ftnd  gilt,  and  these  had  each  some  religious  sen- 
tence on  them,  and  versos,  if  I  remember  right,  not 


very  fit  to  acco^npany  it.  .  .  .  Some  were  plain 
beech  without  letters,  paint,  or  other  ornament. 
They  were  thought  to  have  been  used  for  diversion, 
as  some  game."  The  same  writer  (M.)  then  de- 
scribes another  set  of  twelve,  in  the  possession  of 
'■  Mr.  Drew  of  this  place  (Bedford),  stone-mason, 
.  .  .  They  are  flat  beechen  plates  in  a  rudely 
painted  box;  and  seem  desii-ned,  like  the  others, 
for  some  game,  as  was  indeed  asserted  by  the  per- 
son from  whom  they  originally  came  in  Stafford- 
shire .  .  .  where  they  really  were  played  as  a 
game,  but  in  what  manner  he  cannot  tell."  These, 
it  appears,  *'-'were  not  painted,  but  consisted  of 
prints,  coloured,  and  pasted  on  the  beech -wood, 
which  is  plain  on  one  side."  Each  plate  had  one 
of  the  .signs  of  the  zodiac,  and  the  legend  sur- 
rounded a  centre  subject,  generally  of  a  grotesque 
character ;  and  two  are  selected  as  being  without 
improper  levity,  one  of  which  is  as  follows  :  — 

"  Disguised  thus  at  Candlemas  wc  come  ; 
With  gambols,  dice  and  cards,  we  mask  and  mumm  ; 
Some  loseth  all,  and  some  the  money  purses  ; 
Some  laugh  outright,  whilst  others  sweares  and  curses.' 

Tho  next  writer  (S.  E.,  p.  1183)  alludes  to  one, 
upon  which  liad  been  written  by  Mr.  Ivea,  the 
Yarmouth  antiquary,  that  it  was  a  trencher  for 
cheese  or  sweetmeats,  used  about  the  time  of 
James  I.  S.  E.  does  not  acquiesce  in  this  opinion, 
but  considers  them  "fortune-telling  cards"  of 
Henry  YIII.'s  time.    His  sample  is  this ;  — 

"  To  spende  over  muclie  be  not  to  boldc. 
Abate  rather  soniev.hatt  yi  (thy)  householde  : 
Tor  of  thy  land;^3  bithe  fare  and  nere. 
To  the  (thee)  smalt-  frutcs  will  come  this  yere." 

The  third  writer  (T.  P.)  gives  a  lively  account 
of  the  use  of  a  set  of  these  roundels  "  for  telling 
fortunes,  being  held  in  the  hand  spread  out  as 
cards,"  which  ho  witnessed,  forty  years  before,  at 
the  house  of  "  the  old  lady  Yicountess  Longue- 
villc  at  her  ssat  at  Brandon^  three  miles  fironi 
Coventry," 

In  vol.  Ixiv.  for  1794,  P.  P.  describes  eight, 
part  of  a  supposed  set  of  twelve,  as  having  eacli 
"  a  massive  gilt  circle  enciosi--ig  a  curious  group 
of  figures  in  gold,  red,  yellow,  kc. — such  as  hearts, 
true  lover;?'  knots,  crescents,  wheels,  dots,  butter- 
flies, caterpillars,  fishes,  leaves,  roses  and  other 
flowers  not  quite  so  easily  na,med.  diversely  ex- 
pressed on  different  roundels."  He  then  tran- 
scribes the  verses  in  the  centre  of  each,  "  in  hopes 
of  meeting  with  a  satisfactory  explanation  of  their 
use.''  Three  out  of  the  eiglit  vviU  serve  as  speci- 
men.^, of  this  lot :  — 

1.  '•  Thy  fooes  mutche  gric-rTo  to  the  have  wrought, 
And  thy  destruction  have  they  songhtc." 

4.  "  Truste  nott  this  worlde  thou  wooeful  wighte, 
Butt  lett  thy  ende  be  ia  thye  sighte." 

8.  "  Thy  youthc  in  follie  thou  haste  spente, 
I>cfere  net  nowc  for  to  repente." 


S"-^  S.  XI.  Jan.  5,  'C7.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


19 


This  set  vras  traced  back  to  the  Artliingtons  of  , 
Artliington,   co.  York  :    an   ancient  family  who  : 
there  founded  a  nunnery,  whose  conventual  seal  , 
is  preserved  by  Thoresby.     The  writer  believes  i 
theiu  to  have  been  the  Ychicle  of  entertainment,  : 
in  the  days  of  yore,  to  the  immured  ladies  of  the 
convent; "and,  in  a  note,  refers  them  to  the  age  of 
Edward  IV.  or  llicliard  III.,  and  lidicules  the 
idea  of  their  having  been  "  trenchers  for  cheese  or  ; 
sweetmeats."  .  i 

In  p.  408  of  the  same  volume  (1/94)  is  an  ac-  I 
count  from  A.  M.  E.  of  a  complete  set  of  tv/elve, 
which  the  pending  discussion  had  caused  him  to  ; 
v>nthdraw  from  their  hiding-place,  and  which  had 
been  in  his  family  many  years.    From  their  ortho-  | 
graphy,  they  were  evidently  of  considerable  an-  , 
tiquity.     The  centre  of  each  was  occupied  by  a 
iiowcr,  to  which  the  motto  or  distich  round  had  ^ 
reference^  e.  g.:  —  , 

1.  Tloneys-uclde.  j 

'•  Poison  n.nd  honv  from  ray  flocke  proceeded, 

The  bee  ami  spyder  of  me  siickcs  and  feedes."  | 

8.'  Heartsease.  \ 

'■  Nothiuge  on  earthe  can  better  please  ! 

Than  a  fayre  wyfe  and  hartes  ease."  ! 

10.  Swceibrier. 
"  Deface  me  not,  nor  with  disgrace  doe  sticke  mc, 
Though  I  am  sweete,  bryers  have  power  to  pricke  ye." 
An  anonymous  writer  then,  at  p.  409,  gives  a 
specimen  from  a  MS.  set  of  "  Posyes  for  Trenchers,"  , 
written  near  the  beginning  of  the  previous  cen-  | 
tury,  as  follows  :  —  ' 

"  Who  dare  buye  first  a  piotious  Pearle 
]\Iu3t  be  as  great  as  anye  earle : 
if  he  has  worthe,  let  him  not  fcare, 
The  Jewell  cannot  be  too  deare." 

And  adds,  of  tlie  other  eleven,  that,  "  although 
highly  witty,  they  too  closely  border  on  in- 
decency." 

At  length,  in  1797  (vol.  Ixvii.  p.  281),  a  then 
frequent  correspondent,  signing  himself  "  W.  and 
D.,"  sums  up  the  whole  matter  in  favour  of  the 
trenclier  theory  :  his  opinion  being,  apparently, 
chiefly  fomided'  upon  a  curious  passage  from  the 
Art  of  Enr/Iish  Poesie,  attributed  to  Putteuham, 
and  published  by  Richard  Field  in  1580.  For 
this  1  must  refer  to  the  volume  of  the  maga- 
zine, which  I  have  not  now  with  me  ;  belieying 
that  these  extracts  from  the  Gentkfnan's  Maga- 
zine, and  the  references  in  your  own  pages  eleven 
years  ago,  thus  brought  into  one  view,  will  suffice 
to  help'to  elucidate  a  very  curious  subject,  espe- 
cially if  they  should  conduce  to  the  discovery  of 
further  and  perhaps  contemporary  allusions  to  the 
use  and  purpose  of  these  roundels. 

^      ^  S.  H.  IlAKLOWE. 

St.  John's  Wood. 


DUTCH  BALLAD. 
(S'O  S.  X.  303.) 
This  7norrcau  is  worthy  of  a  little  further  eluci- 
dation, illustrating  as  it  does  in  a  remariiable 
degree  tlie  original  identity  of  the  Nieder- 
De'utsch  of  the  Continent  with  our  own  mother 
tongue.  The  date  is  probably  of  the  twelfth,  or 
beginning  of  the  thirteenth  century,  a  period  when 
the  indigenous  structure  and  vocabulary  of  the 
Analo-Saxon  was  fast  Avearing  down,  and  passing 
into  early  English  The  Biblical  paraphrase  of 
Ormin,  co'mmonly  called  the  Ormulum,  is  of  about 
the  same  date  or  a  little  later.  Its  language  i-? 
that  of  rugged  early  English,  rather  than  Saxon 
or  semi- Saxon,  yet  I  believe  nearly  every  word 
in  the  Dutch  ballad  v/hich  has  disappeared  froni 
our  own  tongue  will  be  found  in  the  Ormulum. 
In  fact,  every  word  in  the  ballad  is  common  bolK 
to  Dutch  and  English,  and  the  syntax  is  the  same 
iu  both.  The  spelling  differs,  but  that  is  of  spall 
consequence.  In  order  to  exhibit  this  identity  I 
o-ive  the  old  Dutch  version  with  the  Englisli, 
equivalent  verbatim  in  parallel  lines,  marking  in 
italics  those  words  which  have  fallen  out  of  use, 
but  which  are  nevertheless  sound  English  of  the 
olden  time.  In  some  words  which  are  not  obso- 
lete I  have  preserved  the  linal  extra  syllable,  and 
in  others  the  old  final  e,  to  accommodate  tha 
rhythm. 

I. 

Naer  Oostland  willen  w}-  ryden, 

(Nigh  1  Eastland  will-en  we  ride-n,) 

Naer  Oostland  willen  wy  mee  2, 

(Nigh  Eastland  will-en  we  mid,) 

Al  over  die  grocne  heiden, 

(All  over  the  green-e  hcath-e.) 
Frisch  over  die  heiden, 
( l'"rcsh  over  the  heath-e,) 

Daer  i^.s  er  en  betere  stee  5. 

(There  is  there  arie  bstter-c  sted.) 


Als  wv  binnen  't  Oostland  komen, 
(As  w"e  bhmon*  tli'  Eastland  come-n,) 
Al  onder  dat  hooge  huis  fyn  ; 
(All  under  that  high  house  fine  ;) 
I  Daer  worden  5  wy  binnen  gelatcn, 

I  (There  ivurdm  ws  linnon  gclatar, «,) 

I  Frisch  over  die  heiden, 

I  (Fresh  over  the  heath-e,) 

!  Zy  7  heeten  ons  willekom  zyn. 

I  (They  haten  8  us  welcome  s'yn^.) 


I       1  The  A.-S.  neah,  H.-G.  iiach,  nahe,  L.-G.  naar,  all  sig- 
'  nify  motion  towards  a  place,  as  well  as  propinquity. 

3  Me£,  contraction  for  medc,  equivalent  to  H.-G.  nut, 
A.-S.  mid,  together,  with. 

3  SteC;  contraction  for  stede,  a  place. 

4  Binnon,  within ;  Scottish  hen,  the  house. 

5  A.-S.  7tv(7-d()n  =  wuldon,  would. 
e  A.-S.  qelcBtan,  to  let  be,  remain. 

7  A.-S.  hi.  2  A.-S.  haten,  to  call,  ask. 

9  A.-S.  svn,  to  be. 


20 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[31-d  S.  XL  Jax.  5,  '67. 


Ja,  willekom  moetcn  wy  wczcn, 
(Yea,  welcome  might-eii  we  icesen  1°,) 
Zeer  willckom  moeten  wy  zyn  ; 
(Sajrii  welcome  niiyht-en  we  syn  ;) 
Daer  zuUen  wy  avond  en  morgen, 
(There  shall-en  we  even  and  morning,) 

Frisch  over  die  heiden, 

(Fresh  over  the  heath-e,) 
Xoch  drinken  den  koclen  wyn. 
(iVuia  drinken  the  cool-en  wine.) 


Wj'  drinken  den  wyn  er  mit  sehalen, 
(VVe  drinken  the  wine  there  mid  scealum  '3,) 
En't  bier  ook  zoo  veel  ons  belieft ; 
(And  th'  beer  eke  so/efo  '-i  us  Ieve'^° ;) 
Daer  is  het  zo  vrolj-ck  i^  to  leven, 
(There  is  it  so  freoUc  to  live-n,) 

Frisch  over  die  heiden, 

(FreSh  over  the  heath-e,) 
Daer  woanter  niyn  zoete  lief. 
(There  wonneth  i'^  my  sweet-e  love.) 


J.  A.  P. 


Wavertree,  near  Liverpool. 


An  inhabitant  of  Belgium  for  the  last  four  years 
can  testify  to  the  similarity  that  still  exists  between 
the  English  and  Flemish  (or  Dutch)  languages. 
On  the  rare  occasions  when  a  Flamand  is  unable 
to  speak  or  understand  French,  he  will,  if  he  be 
of  ordinary  intelligence,  understand  and  make 
himself  understood  by  an  English  person,  pro- 
vided of  course  that  the  Englishman  speaks  slowly 
and  distinctly,  and  that  the  conversatio!i  does  not 
refer  to  anything  more  abstract  than  marketable 
commodities  or  ordinary  commerce,  and  this  where 
French  would  wholly  fail. 

In  Brussels  it  is  the  custom  in  the  older  and 
lower  parts  of  the  town  to  print  the  names  afhxed 
to  its  streets  in  both  Flemish  and  French.  A  few 
of  these  selected  at  random  will  prove  what  I  have 
■written :  — 

Kercke  Straet. 
B linden  Straet. 
Overloden  Straet. 
Abrikoos  Straet. 
Spor  (Spur)  Straet. 
Je'sus  Naem  Straet. 
Zee  (Sea)  Hond  Straet. 
Sekel  (Sickle)  Gang. 
Wapen  (Weapon)  maekers 

Straet. 
Witte  Xonne  Straet. 
Bottcrmelck  Straet. 

LoTJISA. 


Rue  de  TEglise 
Rue  des  Aveugles 
Rue  de  I'Abondance  . 
Rue  de  I'Abricot 
Rue  des  Epcronniers 
Rue  du  Norn  de  J^sus 
Rue  du  Chien  Marin 
Impasse  de  la  Faucille 
Rue  des  Armuriers   . 

Rue  des  Sceurs  Blanches 
Rue  du  Lait  Battn   .    . 

Brussels. 


10  A.-S.  wesen,  to  be.  "  A.-S.  sir,  verv,  greatlv. 

"  A.-S.  nu  ;  H.-G.  mch,  still,  yet. 

"  A.-S.  scealu,  cups.  14  A.-S./e?a,  much. 

"  A.-S.  leven,  to  please,  desire. 

16  A.-S.freolic,  free-like  (frolic). 

1'  A.-S.  icunnan,  u-onnan,  to  dwell. 


THE  DAWSON  FAMILY. 
(3'd  S.  X.  474.) 

In  the  List  of  the  Parliament  of  1653,  called 
the  Barebone's  Parliament,  contained  in  the  Par- 
liamentary History,  vol.  iii.  p.  1407,  the  name  of 
Henry  Dawson  does  not  appear,  but  Henry  Davi- 
son figures  as  member  for  Durham.  In  the  list, 
however,  of  members  for  the  "  Four  Northern 
Coimties  "  in  that  Parliament,  given  in  Burton's 
Diary,  vol.  iv.  p.  499,  Henry  Dawson  is  named  as 
one  of  them ;  so  that  there  is  no  doubt  he  is  the 
man,  and  that  the  former  is  a  misprint. 

That  Parliament  met  on  July  4,  1653,  which 
would  enable  the  member  for  Durham  to  sit  for  a 
very  short  time  only,  as  his  death  occurred  on  Au- 
gust 2.  His  name  does  not  appear  iu  any  part  of 
its  proceedings  as  recorded  either  in  the  Parlia- 
mentary History  or  Burton's  Diary,  vol.  i. 

Ebwaed  Foss. 


I^The  following  extract  from  a  local  paper  may  very 
properly  follow  Mr.  Foss's  article.] 

"  THE   FIRST    MEMBER   FOR   THE    COUNTY   OF   DURHAM. 

"  An  unexpected  light  has  been  thrown  upon  our  north- 
countrj"-  history  ;  and  it  comes  from  the  tomb. 

"  '  LwiN  F.'  a  correspondent  of  Notes  and  Queries,  com- 
municates a  copy  of  a  monumental  inscription  from  the 
church  of  St.  Mary  Abbotts,  Kensington,  viz. :  — '  Neere 
this  piller  lieth  the  body  of  Henry  Dawson,  Esq''",  Alder- 
man of  Newcastle-upon-Tine,  who  was  twice  Maior  of  the 
said  town,  and  a  Member  of  the  present  Parliament,  who 
departed  this  life  Aug^t  y"  2,  1653.' 

"  We  have  here,  undoubtedl.7,  the  first  representative  of 
the  county  of  Durham  in  the  House  of  Commons.  Being 
a  county-palatine,  it  was  formerly  '  exempt  from  the 
burden '  of  representation.  The  Bishop  of  Durham,  as 
w^e  read  in  Surtees,  levied  taxes  within  the  bishopric  bj' 
virtue  of  his  palatine  jurisdiction,  his  Council  (and  not 
Parliament)  granting  consent ;  and  although  the  ques- 
tion of  a  representation  of  the  county  had  repeatedly  been 
brought  before  the  House  of  Commons  in  the  reigns  of 
Elizabeth,  James,  and  Charles,  it  was  not  until  the  time 
of  Cromwell  that  a  member  for  the  councy-palatine  had  a 
seat.  This  was  the  Henry  Dawson  of  "the  Kensington 
monument. 

"  Henry  Dawson  was  '  deputy-mayor  '  of  Newcastle 
1646-47.  William  Dawson  was  maVor  1649-50 ;  and 
George  Dawson,  1650--51.  Then,  in  1652-53,  Henry 
Dawson  was  again  mayor ;  '  as  was  afterwards,'  says 
Brand,  '  George  Dawson.'  Henry,  '  Member  of  the  pre- 
sent Parliament,'  had  died  during  his  maj'oralty  and  his 
membership  ;  and  George  (who  was  mayor  a  second  time 
in  1657)  had  completed  Henry's  year  of  office  in  the 
borough,  from  his  death  in  August  to  the  appointment 
of  a  new  mayor  in  October.  The  Dawsons,  who  held  the 
office  of  mayor  five  times  between  the  siege  of  Newcastle 
and  the  Restoration,  and  who  contributed  a  member  to 
the  Parliament  that  prepared  the  way  for  the  Protectorate, 
were  evidentlj'  of  the  Commonwealth  party.  The  name 
of  the  member  has  sometimes  been  printed,  dubiously, 
'  Davison,'  as  well  as  '  Dawson ' ;  but  all  doubt  is  now  at 
end.  It  has  been  removed  by  the  good  service  done  to 
our  annals  by  Notes  and  Queries;  and  we  thankfully 
make  the  acknowledgment.  The  Kensington  memorial 
throws  light  upon  the  historv  both  of  our  borough  and  of 
the  county-palatine. 


3"!  S.  XI.  Jax.  0,  'G7.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


21 


■'  It  has  been  said  tl-.at  fame  is  but  a  name.     It  was  not  ! 
even  that,  hitherto,  with  the  first  member  for  the  countj' 
of  Durham  ;  for  Henry  Dawson  had  to  share  his  seat  with 
a  possible  Davison.     IJut  the  name  is  at  last  established; 
and  the  member  is  identified  with  a  mayor  of  Newcastle."  j 


Will  Lwiif  F.  accept  some  corrections  of  liis 
note  on  the  monument  at  Kensington  ? 

The  shield  above  the  inscription  shows  the 
paternal  coat,  on  a  bend  enyrailed  three  birds,  not 
martlets.  Burke's  Annory,  under  the  name 
"  Dawson/'  Newcastle,  gives,  the  coat —  "Azure, 
on  a  bend  engrailed  argent  three  daws  (another 
ravens)  proper."  A  closer  inspection  will,  I  think, 
convince  Lwis^  F.,  that,  whatever  else  the  birds 
may  be,  they  are  not  martlets.  | 

Below  the  inscription,  the  oval  mentioned  by  I 
Lwis^  F.  shows  the  same  coat  as  baron,  and,  as 
femme,  a  fesse  engrailed  between  3  wyverns'  or 
dragons'  heads  erased.  This  half  of  the  oval  is  a 
good  deal  weathered,  but  I  succeeded,  in  1864,  in 
making  it  out  as  I  have  now  blazoned  it. 

The  coat  is  nearly  the  same  as  Lord  Cremorne's, 
not  Lord  Portarlington's.  But  I  see  that  Lord 
Cremorne  has  the  birds  described  as  martlets,  j 
I  have  no  doubt  that  the  arms  were  originally  ! 
parlantes,  and  that  the  birds  marked  the  name, 
Dawson.  I  do  not  know  the  history  of  the  alder- 
man. 

This  little   monument  escaped  the   notice    of 
Lysous,  for  it  is  not  mentioned  in  his  admirable 
account  of  Kensington  in  his  Environs.     It  must 
have  been   first  put  up  inside   the   old  church,  \ 
which  was  taken  down  about  1694.     "  Xeere  this  ; 
piller,"  is  the  description  of  the  place  of  Alder-  i 
man   Dawson's   burial.      It  lasted   through   the  i 
dangers   of  a  removal  in  1694,  and  probably  a  : 
second  removal  in  1704,  when,  Lysous  records,  ! 
"  it  was  found  necessary  to  take  the  greater  part  ! 
of"  the  church   "  down  again,  and  to  strengthen  | 
the  walls."     I  hope  that,  in  any  demolition  of  the 
present  building,  it  may  have  the  good  fortune  to 
iind  some  hand  to  save  it  again.     It  has  an  in- 
terest, not  only  heraldic,  but  as  an  instance  of  a 
monument  to  one  of  the  rebel  Parliament.     Per-  j 
haps  some  place  may  be  found  for  it  where  it  may  ■ 
be  sheltered  from  the  effects  of  the  driving  wind  \ 
and  rain  which  are  plainly  marked  upon  it. 

D.P, 

Stuarts'  Lodge,  Malvern  Wells. 


Amekicaxisms  (3'*  S.  ix.   118.)  — The  reply 
which  1  furnished  to  this  query  not  having  ap-  ■ 
peared — for  the  reason,  no  doubt,  that  better  ones 
were  offered — I  venture  to  put  in  the  form  of  a 
query  one  or  two  points  of  my  former  reply.     Is 
there  any  other  instance  than  •'  tenement-house,"  . 
in  which  "  tenement  "  is  used  to  signify  an  apart-  '■ 
ment  in  a  house  used  by  one  family  ?  (  /  ide  Web-  i 
ster  and  Worcester.)     Is  there  any  authority  for 


the  derivation  which  I  suggested  of  ^'johnny- 
cake  "  from  "journey-cake,"  so  called  from  the 
ease  and  quickness  with  which  this  simple  cake 
can  be  made  by  a  traveller  P  The  etymology  is 
no  fancy  of  my  own,  but  a  not  uncommon  notion, 
and  would  be  a  likely  corruption  to  occur  amongst 
the  negroes,  who  have  changed  Taliafero  to  Toliver, 
Crenshaw  to  Granger,  great-house  to  "  gretus," 
and  so  on.  I  may  add  that  the  published  replies 
missed  the  true  explanation  of  vehicles  of  all 
sorts  "  upon  runners."  In  sleighing  time  the 
bodies  of  wheel-carriages  are  often  taken  off  the 
wheels,  and  placed  upo&  rimners,  being  thus  con- 
verted, for  the  nonce,  into  very  respectable  sleighs. 

St.  Th. 

Philadephia. 

The  Pipe  of  Tobacco,  etc.  (3^"1  S.  x.  331.)  — 
Your  correspondent  Edward  Kixg  will  find  Isaac 
Hawkins  Browne's  Pipe  of  Tobacco  in  Dodsley's 
Collection  of  Poems,  published  in  1758,  vol.  ii, ; 
Bonner  Thornton's  Burlesque  Ode  on  St.  Cecilia'i 
Dfty  in  a  supplementary  volume,  by  Moses  Mindon, 
published  in  1770.  C.  J. 

Egliis^xox  Totjexamext  (S"'"'  S.  x.  322,  404.) 
In  my  hasty  notice  in  p.  404,  I  v\-rote  from  recol- 
lection. Having  since  referred  to  an  account  of 
this  display,  perhaps  you  will  be  kindly  pleased 
to  insert  a  list  of  the  Knights  of  the  Tourna- 
ment :  — 

Knight  Marshal,  Sir  Charles  Lamb,  Bart. 

Judge  of  Peace,  Lord  Saltoun. 

King  of  Tournament,  Marquess  of  Londonderry. 

Queen  of  Beauty,  Lady  Seymour. 

Lord  of  Tournament,  Earl  of  Eglinton. 

Knight  of  Griffin,  Earl  of  Craven. 

Knight  of  Dragon,  Marquess  of  Waterford. 

Knight  of  Black  Lion,  Viscount  Alford. 

Knight  of  Gael,  Viscount  GlenU^i^     ->..' .'/>-v. 

Knight  of  Dolphin,  Earl  of  Cassillis. 

Knight  of  Crane,  Lord  Cranstoun. 

Knight  of  Ram,  Hon.  Capt.  Gage. 

Black  Knight,  H.  Little  Gilmont,  Esq.,  of  The  Inch. 

Knight  of  Swan,  Hon.  W.  Jerningham. 

Knight  of  Golden  Lion,  Capt.  J.  O.  Fairlie,  Esq. 

Knight  of  White  Rose,  Charles  Lamb,  Esq. 

Knight  of  Stag's  Head,  Capt.  Berestbrd. 

Knight  of  the  Border,  Sir  F.  Johnstone. 

Knight  of  the  Burning  Tower,  Sir  F.  Hopkins. 

Knight  of  Red  Rose,  R.  J.  Lechmere,  Esq. 

Knight  of  Lion's  Paw,  Cecil  Boothby,  Esq. 

Garden  Campbell,  Esq.,  was  Esquire  to  Knight  of  Swan. 

John  Campbell,  Esq.,  was  Esquire  to  Knight  of  White 
Rose. 

Among  the  principal  guests  at  Eglinton  Castle 
were  Prince  Louis  Napoleon  Buonaparte  and  two 
Coimts  Esterhazy. 

"  Several  bouts  at  broadsword  were  played  by  Prince 
Louis  Xapoleon  and  Mr.  Lamb  ;  both  were  clad  in  heavy 
armour,  but  the  former  without  cuisscs  or  gyves." 

Sir  Charles  Lamb  of  Beaufort,  Bart.,  and  Mr. 
Lamb  were  step-father  and  step-brother  to  Lord 
Eglinton.  Seth  W^ait. 


22 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


LS'-d  S.  XL  Jax.  5,  'G? 


Campbell  of  Saddell's  accident  is  referred  to  in 
Ingoldsby's  poem,  "  The  Cynotaph. "  — 
"...     Knights  of  St.  John, 
Or  Kuif^hts  of  St.  John's  Wood,  who  once  went  on 
To  the  Castle  of  Goode  Lorde  Eglintoune. 
Count  Fiddle-fumkin  and  Lord  Fiddle-faddle, 
«  Sir  Craven,' '  Sir  Gael,'  and  '  Sir  Campbell  of  Saddell,'  j 
(Who,  as  poor  Hook  said,  when  he  heard  of  the  feat,       j 
Was  somehow  knock'd  out  of  his  family  seat.")  i 

I  Lave  an  iateresting  unpublished  account  in 
MS.  of  the  doings  at  the  coming  of  age  of  this 
Mr.  Campbell  of  Saddell.  Cuthbert  Beke. 

LoBD  Beaxfield  (3'^  S.  X,  30.)  —  About 
eighteen  or  twenty  years  ago  the  late  Lord  Pre- 
sident Hope  published  a  letter  to  the  editor  of 
Blackivood's  Magazine,  in  which  he  indignantly 
denied  the  possibility  of  foundation  for  this  anec-  I 
dote  of  Lord  Braxfield,  with  whom,  though  then 
long  dead,  he  had  been  on  terms  of  intimacy. 

W.  T.  M. 

Hongkong. 

Agudeza  (3''<^  S.  X.  381.) — Some  remarks  made 
b}-  Lord  Howdex  in  his  reply  have  revived  an 
old  curiosity  as  to  the  real  name,  dwelling-place, 
and  social  position  of  "  the  Andalucian  lady  of 
German  origin,  who  writes  imder  the  pseudonym 
of  Ferman  Caballero."  If  this  query  can  be 
answered  without  breach  of  confidence  it  would 
greatly  oblige  Noell  Radeclieee. 

Illuminated  Missal  (3'^  S.  x.  411.)  —  The 
leaves  described  by  W.  W.  S.  certainly  did  not 
belong  to  a  Missal.  It  is  too  common  to  confound 
Missals  with  Boolrs  of  Hours.  These  detached 
leaves  have  been  taken  out  of  a  Book  of  Hours. 
The  subjects  painted  on  vellum  on  these  leaves 
are  of  constant  occurrence  in  the  Horce,  or  Books 
of  Horn's,  of  the  Sarum  use.  The  Adoration  of  the 
Magi  would  be  prefixed  to  one  of  the  Hours,  pro- 
bably Sext  or  None ;  St.  Catherine  and  St.  Adrian 
would  find  place  in  the  latter  part  of  the  book, 
preceding  the  prayers  in  their  honour.     F.  C,  H. 

iNscRiPTioif  AT  Champ£ry  (3'^^  S.  X.  414.)  — 
I  have  seen  the  lines  worded  very  difl:erently,  as 
follows ;  — 

"  Quos  anguis  dirus  tristi  dulcedine  pavit, 
Hos  sanguis  mirus  Christi  mulccdiuc  lavit." 

This  is  most  likely  to  be  the  true  version.  The 
lines  are  often  ascribed  to  Prof.  Porson;  but  I 
uever  could  believe  that  he  wrote  them. 

F.  C.  IL 
Cheese  Well  {Z"^  S.  x.  473.)  —  This  name  is 
derived  from  the  resemblance  of  the  spring  to  the 
dairy  uiensil,  the  "  chessell,"  or  "  cheswell,"  and 
is  analogous  to  the  "  Chccscu-rinr/,''  the  name  by 
which  a  remarkable  pile  of  rocks  in  Cornwall  has 
long  been  known.  I  am  perhaps  wrong  in  using 
the  word  pil<i,  as  the  form  has  been  produced  by 


the  washing  away  of  the  surrounding  soil,  leaving 
the  "Wring"  in  its  present  isolated  state. 

George  Vere  Irving. 

Gold  PROi'forNCED  "Goold"  (S'^S.  x.  •I-jG.)— 
In  a  note  on  the  pronimciation  of  the  word  Rome 
Lord  Lytteltox  says  that  he  "  was  brought  up 
to  say  both  Room  and  goold,"  and  that  the  last 
time  that  he  heard  the  latter  pronunciation  was 
from  the  lips  of  the  late  Sir  Francis  Lawley,  "  full 
twenty  years  ago."  At  the  present  day  I  fre- 
quently hear  gold  pronounced  "  goold  "  by  persons 
of  position  and  education  in  the  eastern  counties, 
who  also  say  "  as  yalloiv  as  ffooM."  I  am  not 
aware  if  our  East- Anglian  poet  laureate  anywhere 
rhymes  gold  as  ffoold,  but  in  his  Lincolnshire  fen 
scene  in  "The  Dying  Swan  "  he  makes  "  yellow" 
to  rhyme  with  "  swallow."  In  Maud  he  rhymes 
Rome  with  home.  Cutheeri  Bede. 

"Hamlet":  "House  the  Devil"  (G''^  S.  x. 
427.) — Had  your  correspondent  F.  consulted  the 
Cambridge  edition  of  Shakespeare  he  would  no 
doubt  have  spared  himself  the  labour  of  his  elabo- 
rate epistle.  In  the  Addenda  to  vol.  viii.  of  that 
edition  he  will  find  that  his  conjecture  —  "  And 
eitlier  house  the  devil/'  &c.,  has  been  forestalled 
by  Bailey.  P.  A.  D. 

Degrees,  when  eirst  conferred  (.'v''  S.  s. 
449.)  —  According  to  Du  Boulay,  degrees  were 
conferred  after  a  regular  examination  from  the  first 
foundation  of  the  University  of  Paris.  This  uui- 
versitj',  tradition  asserts,  was  founded  by  Charle- 
magne in  the  ninth  century,  and  degi-ecs  were 
probably  introduced  in  the  English  universities 
from  Paris.  Others  consider  they  were  introduced 
by  Irnerius  into  the  University  of  Bologne  about 
the  year  1150,  and  thence  transferred  to  the 
Parisian  school.  The  title  of  Doctor  at  first  sig- 
nified a  teacher,  and  was  not  a  technical  degree. 
The  oldest  degrees  were  those  in  arts.  The  tei-m 
Bachelor  was  peculiar  to  the  feudal  or  military 
law  of  France,  and  this  would  strengthen  the 
theory  that  the  whole  system  of  academical  honours 
is  borrowed  from  the  Universitj^  of  Paris.  The 
terms  Master  and  Doctor  were  synonymous.  The 
title  Bache'ur  is  said  to  have  been  first  instituted 
by  Pope  Gregory  IX.  .(1227-1241).  The  word 
is"^  probably  derived  from  bacilla,  meaning  little 
staves.  Jno.  Piggot^  Jun. 

Picture  (S^"  S.  x.  169,  219.)— Since  ray  former 
communication  I  have  seen  this  remarkable  pic- 
ture at  the  Gallery  of  British  Art,  57  and  58  Pall 
Mall.  The  description  given  by  F.  C.  II.  II.  is 
verj'  accurate,  with  the  exception  that  no  horse  is 
rearing.  Mr.  Cox,  the  proprietor  of  the  Gallery, 
has  discovered  that  the  painting,  which  he  states 
to  be  by  Annibale  Caracci,  represents  the  death 
of  Darius  Codomauus  as  described  by  Justin,  and 
I  think  there  can  be  no  doubt  th.at  he  is  correct. 


1.    J  AX. 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


23 


Jnstiu  (book  xi.  near  the  end)  records  the  pursuit 
of  Darius  by  Alexander,  and  thus  proceeds :  — 

"  E-r.onsiH  deinde  miilta  millia  passuum,  cu'.u  nullum 
Darii  indicium  reperlsset,  respirandi  equi-3  data  potestate, 
unus  ex  militibus,  dnm  ad  fontera  i)rimum  pergit,  in 
vehiculo  Darium  multis  quidem  vulnei-ibus  confossum, 
sed  spirantem  adhuc,  invenit.  Qui  applicito  captivo  cum 
civem  ex  voce  cognovisset,  id  saltern  praiscntis  fortunre 
solatium  so  habere  dixit,  quod  apud  iutcllecturum  locu- 
turus  cjset,  nee  incassum  postreraas  voces  cmissurus." 

It  will  be  observed  that  Jiisliu  makes  no  men- 
tion of  the  mutilation  of  the  horses,  and  this  may 
be  Tvitbout  historic  foundation.  But  the  painter, 
knovring  such  barbarity  to  be  in  accordance  -with 
Persian  custom,  may  have  considered  himself  jus- 
tified in  thus  representing  the  means  taken  by 
Nabarzaues  and  Bessus  to  prevent  the  horses  from 
carrying  their  murdered  master  into  a  more  fre- 
quented locality,  where  he  might  be  discovered 
before  they  had  eiiected  their  escape.  That  the 
Persians  were  accustomed  thus  barbarously  to 
mutilate  horses  is  shown  by  a  passage  in  Herodo- 
tus (Book  VII.  88)  on  the  death  of  Pharnuches, 
who  was  killed  by  a  fall  when  riding  out  of  Sar- 
dis :  — 

"With  respect  to  the  horse,  his  servants  immcdiately 
did  as  he  ordered :  for  leading  him  to  the  place  where  he 
had  thrown  his  master,  thev  cut  oft'  his  legs  at  the 
Icnees." 

Mr.  Cox  infonned  me  that  the  picture  has  ex- 
cited much  interest  from  its  peculiarity  and  the 
difficulty  of  discovering  the  incident  represented. 
Any  of  the  readers  of  "  X.  &  Q."  who  may  have 
an  opportunity  of  examining  it  will,  I  think,  be 
gvatiiied,  and  they  will  find  Mr.  Cox  ready  to 
give  all  the  information  he  has  collected  with 
regard  to  it.  II.  P.  D. 

"SHAKESrEARE  SAID  IT  FlRSX"  (3'"^  S.  X,  472.) 

It  is  not  only  into  the  mouth  of  Sir  Andrew 
Aguecheek  that  Shakespeare  has  put  this  "  ad- 
mirable confusion."     I  quote  some  instances  :  — 

"  Laitncclut.  The  young  gentleman  ...  is  .  .  .  gone  to 
heaven. 

"  Gohho.  Marrv,  God  forbid !  " 

3Ier chant  of  Venice,  Act  II.  Sc.  2. 
"  Titus.  Why,  didst  thou  not  come  from  heaven  ? 
"  Ctou-n.  From  heaven  ?   Alas,  sir,  I  never  came  there. 
God  forlid 
I  should  be  so  bold  to  press  to  heaven  in  my  young  days." 
Titus  Andrnnicus,  Act  IV.  Sc.  3. 
"  .  .  .  .  Xow  I,  to  comfort  him,  bid  him,  a'  should  not 
think  of  God  ;  I  hoped,  there  was  no  need  to  trouble  him- 
self with  any  such  thoughts  vet." 

Henry  Y.  Act  II.  Sc.  3. 

Marston,  in  liis  Dutch  Couiiczan,  seems  to  have 
imitated  the  last  passage  — 

"  0  husband  !  I  little  thought  you  should  have  come 
to  think  on  God  thns  soon." 

Dutch  Courtezan,  Act  V.  Sc.  1. 

JoH>'  Addis,  Jrx. 


DA^-TE  (3'"  S.  X.  78.)— The  name  Jova  m  the 
two  passages  quoted  from  the  Latin  Praver- 
book  of  the  Church  of  England  (editions  of  ]'713 
and  1729)  must  certainly  be  meant  as  a!i  abbre- 
viation of  Jchovc'Ji.  It  is  no  part  of  the  Latin 
noun,  nom.  Jupiter,  gen.  Jovis.  Uneda. 

Pliiladelphia. 

America  and  Caricatures  (3"*  S.  x.  310.)  — 
Tlie  following  from  an  article  in  the  Neiv  York 
Ecening  Post  will  furnish  a  partial  reply  to  Q.'s 
query  :  — 

"  Amongst  the  dead  papers  are  tlie  so-called  '  funny  ' 
journals — the  Lmitern,  John  Donkey,  Momus,  Vanity  Fair, 
and  Mrs.  Grundy — all  having  made  great  but  exceed- 
inglj'  unsuccessful  efibrts  to  live,  by  being  '  as  funnjv  as 
they  could.'  The  class  of  humorous  journals  in  New 
York  to-day  is  represented  by  the  Phunnie.st  of  Rum,  the 
Comic  Monthly,  &.C.,  papers  which  are  often  happj'  in  the 
wit  of  sharp  and  timely  caricatures,  political  or  otherwise, 
but  whose  literary  character  and  typographical  appear- 
ance are  execrable." 

A  glance  at  a  book-stall  enables  me  to  resolve 
the  Post's  "  &c."  into  the  John  Joker,  the  JSiicIffet 
of  Fun.  The  Phunny  Fellmc,  Nick-Nax,  Merry- 
man's  Monthly,  and  Yankee  Notions.  I  have  not 
felt  equal  to  looking  inside  any  of  them. 

St.  Th. 

riiiladelphia. 

Heraldic  Queries  (3''''  S.  x.  449.) — One  branch 
of  the  ancient  family  of  Archer  of  Kilkenny  boro 
achov.  erm.  between  three  pheons,  2  and  1.  These 
arms  appear  sculptured  in  various  places  in  the 
above  city,  but  the  tinctures  are  not  given. 

S.  H.  L.  A. 

Arms  oe  Prussia  (S'^  S.  x.  448.)  —  Your  cor- 
respondent asks  what  will  probably  be  the  new 
quarterings  in  the  Prussian  arms  by  reason  of  the 
late  annexation?  We  have  noticed  lately  new 
coins  (two-thaler  pieces)  issued  by  the  late  Free- 
state  Mint  at  Frankfort  (but  now  Prussian),  in 
which  the  coats  of  arms  of  all  the  lately  annexed 
states  are  to  be  seen  on  the  wings  of  the  eagle. 
Will  any  correspondent  inform  me  the  meaning 
of  the  lion  with  two  tails  i)i  the  coat  of  arms  of 
the  late  Landgrave  of  Hesse  ?  W.  W.  ]M. 

Frankfort-on-Main. 

Book  dedicated  to  the  "\^irgix  Mary  (3''<'  S. 
X.  447.) — I  have  in  my  possession  a  small  manual 
I  of  Prayers  for  the  Conversion  of  England,  given 
me  by  a  Roman  Catholic  priest  soon  after  its 
issue  by  the  Catholic  Institute  of  Great  Britain 
in  1840,  which  is  dedicated  to  "  Mary,  Mother  of 
Divine  Grace."  This  seems  to  be  a  parallel  to  the 
dedication  quoted  by  M.  C.  William  Wi>'g. 
Steeple  Aston,  Oxford. 

Helwatne  (3'"  S.  X.  469.)  —  F.  L.  asks  for  in- 
formation as  to  "the  Spurne,  Helwayne,  Tom 
Tumbler,  Boneles,  and  other  goblins."  I  can  give 
him  no  help  as  to  the  Spto-ne,  but  Grimm  (Deutsche 
Mythologie,  vol.  ii.   p.  760  et  seq.,  edit.  Gottingeu, 


24 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[3>-d  S.  XI.  Jax.  5,  '67. 


1854)  affords,  I  think,  a  sufficient  explanation  of 
Helwayne.  He  tells  us  that  Hel  was  the  northern 
goddess  of  death,  the  word  afterwards  applied  to 
the  place  of  tlie  dead.  Ilellwayne  may  therefore 
be  either  Ilelwey  or  Ilellway,  the  road  to  the 
grave,  and  Ilellwey  is  the  name  of  several  common 
roads  in  Germany ;  or  llellwain,  Helwayen,  the 
car  of  Wuotan,  or  Odin,  which  brought  storms 
and  destroyed  men.  We  may  easily  understand 
how  girls  and  boys  might  dread  taking  the  road  to 
the  grave  at  night,  or  meeting  the  god  in  his  rage. 
Tom  Tumbler  seems  to  me  only  a  new  reading  of 
"Will-o'-the-Wisp.  Boneless  may  be  the  unsub- 
stantial apparition  or  ghost.  A.  R. 

Qtjotatiox  FRoii  HoiiEK  (S"^  S.  X.  510.)— The 
Homeric  sentiment  inquired  for  by  Student  may 
be  found  in  Jl.  ix.  312 :  — 

"Os  x'  '^Tipof  fJ'^i'  KivOr]  eVi  (ppecrlv,  &Wo  51  eirrj. 
The  following  is  Pope's  rendering  (ix.  412)  :  — 
*'  Who  dares  think  one  thing,  and  another  tell, 

My  heart  detests  him  as  the  gates  of  hell." 

SCHIN. 

Duke  of  CorELA>'D  (3^^  S.  x.  473.)  —  The 
family  who  first  held  this  title  (founded  by  a 
Grand  Master  of  those  Teutonic  Knights  who  won 
Courland  from  the  Pagans)  were  related  by  mar- 
riage to  the  House  of  Brandenburg.  They  became 
extinct  in  the  male  line  in  1737,  and  I  see  no  ap- 
parent connection  between  them  and  the  story 
heard  by  J.  M.  C.  On  (or,  indeed,  before)  the 
extinction  of  this  family,  John  Ernest  Biren,  or 
Biron,  was  elected  to  the  Duchy.  He  died  in  1772. 
His  son  Peter,  last  Duke  of  Courland,  who  abdi- 
cated in  1795  and  died  in  1800,  left  two  daughters, 
of  whom  the  Duchess  de  Sagan,  marrying  the 
Duke  de  Dino  of  the  Talleyrand  family,  was  grand- 
mother of  the  present  Prince  of  Sagan.  I  believe 
she,  as  well  as  her  sister,  is  still  alive. 

The  career  of  John  Ernest  Biron  was  a  very 
strange  one.  Alternately  loved  and  hated  by 
the  princesses  who  ruled  at  St.  Petersburg,  he  was 
one  day  the  sovereign  of  Courland,  another  an 
exile  in  Siberia,  and  during  his  long  absence  two 
dukes  were  elected  to  the  rtnoccupied  throne, 
which  neither  succeeded  in  retaining.  One  of 
these  was  the  famous  Marshal  Saxe,  w^ho  was 
elected  in  172G,  but  driven  out  by  the  Russians. 
After  his  subsequent  splendid  campaigns  in  the 
French  service,  Louis  XV.  gave  him  the  castle  of 
Chambord,  where  he  lived  like  a  feudal  prince  of 
the  middle  ages,  attended  by  a  sort  of  bodyguard 
of  soldiers  of  fortune,  Germans  and  others,  his 
companions  on  many  a  battle-field.  Here,  on 
Nov.  30,  1750,  he  died  of  a  putrid  fever.  So  at 
least  Europe  was  told.  But  tliere  is  reason  to  be- 
lieve that  he  was  killed  in  a  duel  forced  upon  him 
by  the  hot-headed  Prince  de  Conti,  who  had  an 


old  military  grudge  against  him,;  but  that  the 
king  and  court  succeeded  in  concealing  from  the 
grieving  nation  the  fact  that  the  hero  of  Fontenoy 
and  Rocoux  had  been  slain  by  a  prince  of  the 
blood.  Was  M.  Deaume,  one  of  the  marshal's 
German  Uhlans  and  a  witness  of  the  duel,  sent 
out  of  the  way  by  the  French  court  ?       S.  P.  Y. 

Kell_  Well  (3^<i  S.  x.  470.)  —  Surely  kcll  well 
means  simpl}"  the  cool  tcell,  so  called  because  situ- , 
ated  in  a  "  cool  grot."  Kcle  in  old  English  means 
cool  or  chill,  from  the  A.S.  celan,  to  cool,  to  chill. 
The  word  chill  itself  must  once  have  been  pro- 
nounced kill  or  keh.  Walter  W.  Skeat. 

Badge  of  the  Second  Regiment  (S'''*  S.  vii. 
5,  168,  &:c.) — Is  it  not  very  likely  that  it  is 
entirely  a  mistake  (naturally  fallen  into  on  account 
of  their  service  in  Tangiers),  that  the  badge  of  the 
Second  Regiment  has  anything  whatever  to  do 
with  the  Portuguese  arms  ?  Was  it  not  merely  a 
conspicuous  emblem  of  Christianity,  used  by  them 
when  fighting  against  Mahometans  ? 

John  DAvrosoN. 

Portraits  of  Criminals  (S""**  S.  x.  450.) — The 
practice  of  distributing  the  portraits  of  criminals 
for  '•  Hue  and  Cry"  purposes  seems  to  have  been 
usual  in  the  age  of  the  dramatists.  Many  pas- 
sages like  that  from  King  Lear  might  be  found  in 
plays  of  Shakespeare's  contemporaries.  I  subjoin 
two  from  Massinger :  — 

" All  passages 

Are  intercepted,  and  choice  troops  of  horse 

Scoiir  o'er  the  neighbour  plains ;  j'our  picture  sent 

To  everj-  state  confederate  with  Milan,"  &c. 

Duke  of  Milan,  Act  V.  Sc.  1. 

"  Flaminius.        .        .        Ton  have  the  picture 
Of  the  impostor  ? 
"  Demetrius.  Drawn  to  the  life,  my  lord.     - 
"  Flaminitts.  Take  it  along  with  jou,"  &c.    . 

Believe  as  Yuu  List,  Act  III.  Sc.  1. 

John  Addis,  Jvn. 

Roby's  "  Traditions  of  Lancashire  "  (S'*  S. 
X.  450.) — The  query  of  your  correspondent  Bib- 
LiOTHECAR.  Chetham,  touching  the  authorship  of 
Traditions  of  Lancashire,  is  easih'  answered.  Mr. 
Croftnu  Croker  commimicated  the  ''  Bar-geist,"  or 
"Boggart,"  as  maybe  seen  by  reference  to  that 
legend.  There  were  not  any  other  contributors  to 
the  work. 

Air.  Roby's  habit,  in  the  composition  both  of 
these  and  of  other  tales,  was  to  write  in  the  even- 
ing in  the  presence  of  his  family;  and  as  each 
story  was  finished,  to  read  it  aloud  to  them  to 
judge  of  its  efiect.  Family  " traditions  "  remain 
of  incidents  connected  with  the  composition  of 
several  of  the  "  traditions  of  Lancashire  :''  those  of 
"Mab's  Cross"  and  "Rivingtou  Pike,"  for  instance. 
Cognizance, 


3"»  S.  XI.  Jan. 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


25 


John  Witherspoon's  DESCENDAifTS  (3"^  S.  x. 
167.)  —  The  Hon.  John  C.  Breckenridge  is  one  of 
them.  He  was  elected  Vice-President  of  the 
United  States  in  1856,  and  subsequently  held 
office  in  the  (so-called)  Confederate  States. 

The  Rev.  Dr.  Witherspoon  was  a  descendant  of 
John  Knox,  the  (so-called)  Scottish  Reformer. 

M.  E. 

Philadelphia, 

.Dutch  asd  other  Languages  (3'"^  S.  x.  474.) 
I  A.  O.  V.  P.  does  not  saj^  Tfhether  he  requires  an 
elementary  hook  for  learning  Dutch,  or  one  to 
serve  as  a  complete  book  of  reference  on  all  points. 
If  the  former,  I  do  not  see  why  Ahn's  Grammar 
would  not  seiTe  his  purpose.  There  are  only 
124  pages  certainly,  but  they  contain  all  that  a 
heginner  can  want  to  know  for  some  time,  and  it 
is  a  very  easy  book  to  learn  from.  The  Pocket- 
Dictionary  published  by  Tauchnitz  is  a  very  good 
one.  Whilst  I  am  about  it,  I  add  a  list  of  ele- 
mentary books  for  those  about  to  begin  a  new 
language ;  all  of  which  are  good  as  far  as  they  go^ 
and  are  perhaps  among  the  least  expensive  books 
that  can  be  obtained :  — 

Anglo-Saxon — Vernon's  Anglo-Saxon  Guide  ; 
Bosworth's  Compendious  (or  smaller)  Dictionary. 

Mceso-Gothic — Massmann's  ^'  Ulfilas." 
I        German — Felling's  German  Grammar ;  Felling's 
'  German    Pieading-book ;    Fliigel's    smaller  Dic- 
tionarj'. 

Dutch — Ahn's  Grammar;  "Tauchnitz"  Dic- 
tionary. 

SivedisJi — Ahn's  Grammar  (really  written   by 
i   Lenstrom)  ;  "  Tauchnitz  "  Pocket-Dictionary. 

Danish — Ahn's  (Lund's)  Grammar ;  Ferrall  and 
Eepp's  Dictionary. 

Italian — Meadows'  Pocket-Dictionary  (contain- 
ing a  short  grammar)  j  if  this  is  not  enough,  add 
Ahn's  Grammar. 

Sj)anit<h — Meadows'  Dictionary  j  Del  Mar's 
Grammar  (very  good). 

Portuguese — Vieyra's  Dictionary;  Vieyra's  Gram- 
mar. 

Welsh — Spurrell's  Dictionary ;  Spurrell's  Gram- 
mar. 

Icelandic— V^QiSex's  Altnordische  Lesebuch. 

I  am  induced  to  give  this  list  because  I  think 
man}'  persons  would  like  to  know  how  to  make  a 
beginning  of  some  one  or  more  of  the  above  lan- 
guages, and  do  not  want  to  be  perplexed  with 
over-much  information  at  starting.  Other  books 
tliere  may  be  as  good  as  those  I  have  named,  but 
the  above  I  can  recommend  from  having  used 
them.  The  standard  large  dictionaries  are  easily 
)^  found  out.  Walter  W.  Skeat. 

-  '■  To  beat  Hollow"  (3"*  S.  x.  352.)— The  ex- 
;  planatiou  of  this  phrase  is  not,  I  think,  far  to 
:  seek.  A  coppersmith,  in  forming  a  hollow  vessel, 
I  takes  a  flat  plate  and  hammers  it  over  a  proper 


mould  until  it  assumes  the  required  shape, 
when  it  is  finished  and  complete.  So  a  person 
thoroughly  beaten,  whether  in  a  mental  or  phy- 
sical contest,  is  said  to  be  done  up — finished — 
beaten  holloiv :  so  much  beaten  as  to  require  no 
more  blows. 

In  like  manner,  a  person  is  said  to  be  dead  beat 
when  he  is  so  prostrated,  or  left  behind,  as  to  be 
no  more  capable  of  continuing  the  contest  than  a 
dead  man.  J.  A.  P. 

Wavertree,  near  Liverpool. 

Cranmer  Fahilt  (3^1  S.  x.  431,  483.)— Thomas 
Cranmer,  the  son  of  Thomas,  Archbishop  of  Can- 
terbury, is  named  in  "  Cranmer's  Case  " — 3.  Leo- 
nard's Reports,  20.  The  late  Rev.  Joseph  Hunter 
gave  me  further  particulars  (now  lost)  some  forty 
years  ago.     They  may  be  among  his  MSS.        F. 

R.  K. :  Richard  Kilvert  (1^'  S.  ii.  21.)  —  So 
long  ago  as  1850,  your  correspondent  F.  K.  asked 
for  information  about  "  the  notorious  R.  K.,  the 
unprincipled  persecutor  of  Archbishop  Williams." 
If  F,  K,  will  communicate  with  me,  we  may 
assist  each  other ;  or  if  any  of  yom-  readers  will 
refer  me  to  any  particulars  of  this  Kilvert,  the 
jackal  of  the  Star  Chamber,  I  shall  be  glad. 

John  S.  Burn. 

The  Grove,  Henlev. 

HrMNOLOGY  (3'd  S.  X.  402,  493.)— Mr.  Sedg- 
AViCK  is,  I  think,  incorrect  in  assuming  that  Anne 
Flowerdew  ever  claimed  the  authorship  of  the 
poems  published  by  her  mother,  whose  Christian 
name  was  Alice.  My  impression  (for  I  have  not 
the  book  before  me)  is  that,  on  the  title-page  of 
the  third  edition,  1811,  the  poems  are  said  to  be 
by  '^  A.  Flowerdew."  Sir  R.  Palmer's  mistake  in 
attributing  the  Harvest  Hymn  to  Anne  Flower- 
dew was  pointed  out  to  me  by  one  of  her  de- 
scendants. Joseph  Rix,  M.D. 

St.  Xeots. 

Low  (S'l  S.  X.  497.)— I  ask  with  some  diffi- 
dence—  when  gentlemen  of  general  and  local 
knowledge  are  giving  their  opinions — whether  the 
term  is  not  more  particularly  in  use  in  hilly 
countries  to  distinguish,  not  the  plain  from  the 
hill,  but  the  lower  hill  from  the  higher  ?  Thus  a 
barrow,  however  large,  would  be  a  low  to  Prim- 
rose Hill;  whereas  the  latter  would  take  that 
term  as  compared  with  Snowdon,  if  in  contiguity 
with  it.  ^J.  A.  G. 

Carisbrooke, 

Essays  in  Verse  (3"^  S.  x.  503.)  —  Your  cor- 
respondent J.  O.,  like  many  other  Englishmen, 
evidently  knows  little  about  the  courts  of  law 
in  Scotland,  otherwise  he  would  not  speak  of 
^^  Edinburgh  Justiciary-  Court."  The  Justiciary, 
or  Supreme  Criminal  Court,  holds  its  sittings  in 
Edinburgh;  but  cases  are  tried  there  from  all 
parts  of  Scotland,  and  the  judges  go  circuit  twice 


26 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[3'd  S.  XI.  JA^'. 


correct  to  talk  of  | 


a-jear.    It  would  be  fully 
'''London  Queeu'a  Bench  Court."  j 

jlc  is  in  another  mistake,  in  stating  that  Lord  | 
Dr^-ghom  was  a  judge  of  the  Court  ot  Justiciary. 
IIo  ncN-er  was  so;  but  he  held  that  office  in  the 
Supreme'  Civil  Court  (the  Court  of  Session),  a-om 
17S8  to  170G,  in  which  last-mentioned  year  he  { 
,li.>d      There  is  an  anonymous  publication  ot  his  \ 
lordship's,   printed  in  1759,  not  included  m  the  j 
odilion  of  liis  work-s,  1798  :   Ohservaiions  on  some  | 
Points  of  Law,  loith  a  System  of  the  Judicial  Laiv 
of  Moses.  ^'-     I 

Edinburgh.  ; 

Rome:  Room  (3"1  S.  x.  456.)  —Far  advanced 
iii  my  eightlv  decade,  I  cannot  but  smile  at  the 
correspondence  in  your  pages  respecting  the  pro- 
nnncialion  of  Rome.  That  it  was  ever  called 
/loom  seems  to  many  like  a  mythical  tradition,  and 
10  all  to  have  been  only  an  eccentric  habit  of  a  few 
individuals.  ^   ,  .  •,  t  x-n 

Now,  Sir,  in  my  youth— I  think  I  may  say  till 
the  close  of  the  great  war  opened  the  Continent 
to  English  travellers— i2oo?«  was  universal  in  the 
lan-ruago  of  '•  good  company"  :  as  were  many  cor- 
ruptions of  proper  names  and  other  words,  to 
pronounce  which  in  strict  accordance  with  the 
Bpelliug  would  have  been  considered,  if  not  posi- 
tively vulgar,  very  nearly  akin  to  it.  Lord  Bris- 
tol was  Lord  Bristor;  Lord  Jersey,  Lord  J«rsey 
( we  still  say  I)«rby  and  Bf/rkeley)  ;  the  Howards  j 
•.vere  Jloarih  (we  still  say  Singean  and  SeUenffcr  for  j 
St.  John  and  St.  Leger)  ;  the  Cavendishes  and  i 
C.rosvennrs  were  restored  to  their  legitimate  patro- 
nymics before  my  time,  but  my  father  remem- 
bered them  Candiihes  and  Gravenors  ;  the  Uuke 
of  Hamilton  was,  very  commonly,  Duke  Iiam- 
hieton. 

Brighton  was  a  newspaper  name  only.  The 
Trince  or  Mrs.  Fitzherbert  went  to  Brighthelm- 
tfnn.  Woe  to  the  pedant  in  those  days  who 
spoke  of  lilac,  or  citina,  or  a  cucumlcr  !  The  colour 
wivs  laloch,  tlie  vegetable  coivcumber ;  and  Ijord 
Luscelles,  who  collected  the  famous  china  gal- 
lery at  Harewood,  knew  the  material  by  no  name 
but  chant/. 

These  instances  immediately  occur  to  me.  I 
have  no  doubt  there  are  abundance  of  others. 

Railways  arc  gradually  reconciling  the  car  to 
the  names  of  En<^lish  places  as  they  are  prcsi-nted 
to  the  cijc  —  an  immense  reform:  for  provincial 
corrupti<T*!,  abbreviation,  and  even  arbitrary  change, 
are  in  lheirca.se  the  rule  rather  than  the  excep- 
tion. Senex. 

The  Porcklain  Towkr  at  Naxkix  (3"^  S.  x. 
-IC).) — W.  asks  information  about  this  once  famous 
tower.  I  visited  its  ruins  on  April  21,  1801,  and 
can  give  some  account  of  it. 

The  L^ew  Ic  paou  fah,  or  "  Vitreous  precious- 
stone  pagoda,''  was  built  about  A.n.  200;  and  re- 


built, as  it  recently  stood,  a.d.  1400,  when  it 
occupied  nineteen  years  in  construction,  and  cost 
000,000^.  It  was  of  nine  stories,  though  com- 
monly reputed  to  be  of  thirteen,  as  it  was  intended 
to  be  of  this  number.  Its  height  was  201  feet, 
and  diameter  at  the  base  90  feet  10  inches.  There 
were  150  bells,  and  140  lamps  in  it. 

In  1850  the  TienAYang,  one  of  the  rebel  chiefs, 
wantonly  blew  it  up  with  gunpowder  —  some  say 
to  spite  another  Wang,  others  because  he  de- 
clared it  to  be  too  old  ! 

If  I  recollect  rightly,  Mr.  Oliphant,  in  his 
account  of  Lord  Elgin's' expedition,  says  the  site 
is  not  marked  by  even  a  fragment.  My  visit  was 
two  years  and  a  half  after  Mr.  Olipbant's,  and  I 
can  testify  that  it  was  very  distinctly  marked,  and 
by  nothing  but  fragments,  a  considerable  number 
of  which  we  carried  away  to  preserve  by  having 
them  set  as  letter-weights. 

The  Taiping  crowd  showed  not  the  slightest 
respect  for  these  shattered  remnants  of  grandeur, 
and  assisted  us  to  carry  them  to  our  boat. 

I  should  add  that  its  real  origin  is  conjectural, 
being  lost  in  antiquity  :  — 

"  So  nuicli  for  monuments  tliat  have  forgotten 
Their  verv  record."  Bvrou,  Sardanapalus. 

W.  T.  M, 
Hongkong,  October  23, 1866. 
CopPEK  Coixs  (3"i  S.  X.  353,  425.)— The  pieces 
described  by  W.  S.  J.  and  C.  F.  are  copper  far- 
things. A  coin  of  this  description  is  figured  m 
Plate  VI.  129,  appended  to  Simon's  Essay  o;i 
L-ish  Coins.  Particular  mention  of  the  coin  de- 
scribed by  0.  F.  is  m.ade  by  Simon  in  his  Essay, 
pp.  44,  45  :  — 

"  King  Charles  I.  soon  after  his  accession  granted  a 

patent  to  Frances,   duchess  do^vager  of  Eichmond   and 

Lennox,  and  to  Sir  Francis  Crane,  knight,  for  the  terra 

of  seventeen  years,  impowering  them  to  strike  copper 

fiirthin"?,  and  bv  proclamation  ordered  that  they  should 

equally  pass  in'  England  and  Ireland.     They  are  very 

small  "and  thin,  and  have  on  one  side  two  scepters  m 

saltire  through  a  crown,  and  this  inscription,  'carolls  . 

D  .  G  .  MAG .  Biu  . ;  reverse,  the  crowned  harp,  and  frax  . 

r.T  .  iiiB  .  RKX.      They  weigh  about  six  grains,  and  have 

I  a  wool-pack,  a  bell,  or  a  flower-de-luce  mint  mark." 

I      There  was  a  copper  farthing  of  the  previous 

I  reign,  James  L,  of  precisely  the  same  type ;   as 

I  there  appears  also  to  have  been  of  Charles  IL, 

j  coined  but  not  put  into   circulation.     The   harp 

=  and  crown  was  the  ordinary  reverse  of  Irish  coins 

I  from  tlie  time  of  Henry  VIIL  to  a  late  period. 

I  Dutch  Custom  (3^<»  S.  x.  493.)— Tlie  origin  of 
I  hanging  a  piece  of  lacework  at  the  side  of  the 
!  doors  in  Holland,  is  traced  to  the  siege  of  the  city 
I  of  Ilaariem  in  1572.  when  the  Dutch  struggled  tor 
I  their  independence  from  the  yoke  of  Philip,  King 
'  of  Spain. 
I      The  cruelties  perpetrated  by  the  Spanish  sol- 


S.  XI.  J.\x.  5,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


27 


diers  were  so  great,  that  the  citizens  of  the  dif- 
ferent to"wn3  resolved  to  exhaust  every  means  of 
resistance  rather  than  submit.  The  tovv-n  of 
Haarlem  diitingiiished  iLself  by  the  desperate 
bravery  vciVa  •which,  for  seven  months,  it  stood 
out  against  the  large  army  under  the  Duke  of 
Alva's  son.  At  length  a  truce  was  agreed  upon. 
Previous  to  the  surrendering  of  the  town,  a  depu- 
tation of  aged  matrons  waited  on  the  Spanish 
general  to  know  in  what  manner  the  women  who 
were  at  the  time  in  childbirth  should  be  pro- 
tected from  molestation  in  case  of  the  introduction 
of  the  soldiery,  and  he  requested  that  at  the  door 
of  each  house  containing  a  female  so  situated,  an 
appropriate  token  sliould  be  hung  out,  and  pro- 
mised that  that  house  should  not  be  troubled. 

The  custom  is  still  in  use,  the  lace  being  hung 
out  several  weeks  previous  to  the  expected  birth, 
and  hangs  several  weeks  afterwards,  a  small 
alteration  being  made  as  soon  as  the  sex  of  the 
child  is  known.  Daring  the  time  of  this  exhibi- 
tion, the  house  is  exempt  from  all  legal  execu- 
tion, and  the  husband  cannot  be  taken  to  serve  as 
a  soldier.  Edw.  Aru^tdel  Carttae. 

Weston  Family  (3'^  S.  viii.  334;  ix.  140,  Sec.) 
G.  W.  E.  may  probably  derive  information  from 
the  elaborate  and  emblazoned  genealogical  MvSS. 
(Add.  18,607)  in  the  British  Museum  on  ydlam, 
with  an  alphabetical  index,  intituled  — 

"  Westonorum  Familise  antiquissima  ex  agro  Stafford. 
Genealopia,  1G32.  Gulielmus  Segar,  Garterus  principalis 
IJex  Armoru  Anj;licorum.  Ex  iudastria  et  labure  Heu. 
Lily  Rouge-Rose." 

From  it,  as  well  as  from  the  Visitation  of  Essex, 
1612  (Hark  MS-S.  G065),  it  will  be  seen  that  the 
coat  "Or,  an  eagle  displayed  regardant  sa.,''  was 
continuously  borne  by  the  ancestor  of  Richard 
Weston,  first  Earl  of  Portland,  from  the  time  of 
the  grant  to  Hamo  de  Weston,  so  far  back  as 
1210,  as  stated  by  II. 

The  date  of  the  birth  and  dnte  and  place  of 
death  of  Benjamin,  youngest  son  of  the  ih-it  earl, 
have  not  met  my  view ;  but  I  find  (Dug.  Bar. 
ii.  460 ;  Jsichols'  Leiccst.  iii.  2Go)  tliat  he  married 
Elizabeth,  daughter  of  Thomas  Sheldon  of  Ilouby, 
CO.  Leicester,  and  widow  of  Charles  "S'illiers,  Earl 
of  Anglesey.  The  latter  died  1600,  and  Benjamin, 
at  one  time  heir  expectant,  predeceased  his  brother 
Thomas,  who  died  in  1688.  II.  M.  Vane. 

Waste  Pater  (.3'<J  S.  x.  40.)  — The  collection 
of  waste  paper  for  sale  has  been  carried  on  as  a 
busine.-s  here  for  several  years  past  by  a  few  men 
and  women,  but  principally  by  young  girls.  The 
paper  collected  is  sold  for  a  few  cents  a  pound  to 
dealers,  who  re-sell  it  to  the  paper-makers.  The 
increasing  consumption  of  paper,  with  which  the 
supply  of  rags  does  not  keep  pace,  has  given  rise 
to  this  trade. 

This  subject  reminds  me  that  a\  lien  Dr.  Franklin 


was  in  London  for  the  last  time,  a  woman  was  ia 
the  habit  of  calling  at  his  residence,  among  others, 
to  beg  for  the  wax  seals  upon  the  letters  receive-"! 
by  him.  She  re-melted  what  she  thus  collected 
into  new  sticks,  and  supported  herself  by  the  sale 
of  them.  BAPv-Pon<T. 

.Philadelphia. 

iHis'cellaufOuiJ. 

NOTES  ON  BOOKS.  ETC. 

The  Annotated  Book  of  Connnon  Prayer  ;  beiiiij  an  IJistnn- 
cal.  Ritual,  and  Theological  Commentary  on  the  Devo- 
tional Si/siem  of  the  Church  of  England.  Edited  by  the 
Rev.  John  Ilemy  Blunt,  M.A.,  F.S.A.,  &c.  Fart  IL 
(Rivingtoiis.) 

On  the  appearance  of  the  First  Part  of  this  learned  and 
valuable  edition  of  the  Book  of  Common  Prayer,  "we  laid 
before  our  readers  {ante,  2"''  S.  ix.  403)  at  some  length 
particulars  of  the  object  and  scope  of  the  work.  The 
book  is  now  completed  by  the  publication  of  the  larger 
and  in  some  respects  more  important  division  of  it.  This 
commences  with  an  Introduction  to  the  Liturgy  by  the 
Editor ;  and  the  Order  for  the  Holy  Communion  wliich 
follows  is  largely  annotated  by  theEditor  and  the  Rev. 
P.  G.  Medd.  So  in  like  manner  the  Offices  for  Holv 
Baptism,  for  the  Visitation  of  the  Sick,  the  Burial  of  the 
Dead,  and  indeed  all  the  other  offices  and  .'^frvicc.s  in- 
cluded in  our  Prayer  Book,  arc  traced  to  their  primitive 
sources,  and  carefully  illustrated.  At  a  moment,  there- 
fore, like  the  present,  when  the  minda  of  Churclunen  are 
so  vehementljf  stirred  b}'  the  so-called  ritualistic  move- 
ment, tlii-s  endeavour  to  illustrate  the  origin,  source*,  ar.d 
history  of  our  beautiful  Form  of  Common  Prayer  is  well 
v.-orthy  the  attention  of  all  v.ho  desire  to  understand  the 
many  questions  now  under  discussion  ;  and  even  those 
who  may  most  difler  from  the  vie'ws  of  the  Editor  and 
his  associates  must  acknowledge  what  a  large  amount  of 
learned  and  practical  illustration  they  have  brought  to 
bear  upon  the  development  of  the  Prayer-Book  from  the 
ancient  Formularies  of  the  Church,  and  the  modifications 
made  in  it  up  to  the  j-ear  IGOl. 

English  Prose  Treatises  of  Richard  Rolle  de  Humpok. 
Edited  from  the  Thornton  MS.  in  Lincoln  Cathedral. 
By  George  G.  Perry. 

Merlin;  or,  The  Early  History  of  Arthur.  A  Prose 
Romance  (about  1450 — 1460,  a.u.)  Edited  from  the 
Unique  3rS.  in  the  U'7UL-crsity  Library,  Canilridnc,  b>t 
Henry  B.  Wheatley. 

The  Early  English  Text  Society  (to  whom  we  are  in- 
debted for  these  two  volumes)  are  so  active,  and  th.eii' 
publications  follow  each  other  so  rapidly,  that  we  must 
on  the  present  occasion  content  ourselves  with  notifying 
the  appearance  of  these  new  and  useful  additions  to  our 
printed  stores  of  Early  English. 

The  First  Man  and  his  Place  in  Creation,  cojtsidered  ott 
the  Principles  of  Science  and  Common  Sense,  from  a 
Christian  Point  of  View;  with  an  Append).!-' on  the 
I  JVcgro.  By  George  Moore,  31.  D.  (Longmans.) 
j  Dr.  iiloore's  work  aims  at  giving  in  a  popular  and  read- 
I  able,  and,  we  might  add,  a  somewhat  discursive  forni 
j  the  arguments  against  those  views  of  man's  oritrin  which 
I  are  associated  in  this  country  with  the  name  of  Huxley, 
j  and  are  generalh'  supposcd'to  find  so  much  favour  with 
j  the  Anthropological  Society.     The  author  has  evidently 

read  and   thought  much   on  the   extremely   interesting 
I  question  of  which  he  treats.  His  stylo  is  easy  and  spirited. 


28 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[3"»  S.  XL  Jan.  6,  '67. 


and  an  admiraljle  moral  tone  pervades  the  book.  The  man- 
ner in  wliich  the  .subject  is  handled  is  too  popular  for  the 
■work  to  be  regarded  as  a  contribution  of  much  import- 
ance towards  the  settlement  of  the  question ;  but  Dr. 
Moore  will  have  done  good  service  in  .spreading  informa- 
tion on  the  present  state  of  the  controversy,  and  reminding 
us  that  the  time  has  not  yet  come  for  resigning  our  beau- 
tiful old  belief  in  a  single  first  man  created  in  the  image 
of  bis  Maker. 

The  Librarv  of  the  Society  of  Aktiquakies  is 
assuming  an  important  cliaracter  as  a  Library  of  English 
'I'opography.  Its  series  of  our  great  county  histories  is 
veiy  complete,  and  it  is  now  desired  to  supplement  them 
by  the  minor  histories  of  cities,  boroughs,  and  villages. 
Local  guide-books  are  especially  desired.  Several  collec- 
tions of  such  minor  -works  have  been  recently  presented 
by  Fellows  of  the  Society  who  take  an  interest  in  the 
movement — an  example  which  it  is  hoped  will  be  exten- 
.*ively  followed. 


'66  AND  '67. 

[The  learned  friend  who  acts  as  our  Poet  Laureate  is 
snowed  up— so  that  his  New  Year's  Ode,  which  should 
liave  opened  the  number,  only  reached  us  just  in  time  to 
wind  it  up. — Ed.  "X.  &  Q."] 

Well !  the  old  weary  year  Las  flown, 

With  all  its  war  and  horrid  panic  ; 
Mobs,  Fenians,  rinderpest,  and  loan ; 

And  kings,  or  deiuajfogues  tyrannic  : 
And  ships  have  drifted  on  the  sands, 

And  lofty  statesmen  dragged  their  anchors ; 
And  bankrupt  are  the  Sunday  bands, 

And  mines  blown  up  as  well  as  bankers. 
Old  England  now  contrives  to  speak 

Across  the  Atlantic — "  nothing  in  it ! '' 
And  wars  are  over  in  a  week, 

Cost — half  a  thousand  crowns  a  minute  ! 
While  Palliser  lays  iron-clads  low, 

As  does  Do  Morgan  circle-squarers : 
And  chiynons  threaten  soon  to  grow 

As  big  as  haycocks  on  their  wearers. 
And  sixty-six  now  makes  its  bow 

And  stately  exit,  and,  good  heavens  ! 
Here's  sixty-seven,  who  comes  to  vow 

We're  all  at  sixes  and  at  seyens. 

No !  let  us  hope  our  little  boat 

Is  80  well  found,  so  strong  it  ribb'd  is. 

It  still  may  safely,  gaily  float 

Through  all  this  Scylla  and  Charybdis. 

Still  may  we  scholarly  explore 

The  diamond  mines  of  Athens'  Sages  : 

Still  fondly  clasp  the  People's  lore, 
Or  legend  of  the  Middle  Ages — 

Still  dig  to  find  the  roots  of  words, 
Or  joy  in  friendly  controversies, 

Or  strive  t'  attune  the  loosened  chords — 

Oh !  careless  hands — in  Shakespeare's  verses : 

So  may,  in  future  times,  the  wight 

Who  seeks  for  certain  facts  say,  "Here  is 

The  book  of  books  to  sot  us  right- 
Old,  truthful,  genial  Notes  and  QrERiES." 


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THE  ANNOTATED  BOOK  of  COMMON 
PRAYER  ;  being  an  Historical,  Ritual,  and  Theological  Com- 
mentiry  on  the  Devotional  System  of  the  Church  of  England.  Edited 
by  the  REV.  JOHN  HENRY  BLUNT,  M.A.,  F.S.A.,  Author  of 
"  Household  Theology,"  &c.,  &c. 

The  publishers  venture  to  place  this  work  before  the  Public  as  the 
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Besides  the  contents  of  an  ordinary  frayer-book,  this  volume  con- 
tains as  much  Illustrative  matter  as  would  fill  five  octavo  volumes  of 
4110  pages  each. 

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NOTES  AND  aUERIES: 

gi  StMitm  d  '^witxtmmumim 

roR 

LITERARY    MEN,    GENERAL    READERS,    ETC. 

""When  found,  make  a  note  of." — Captain  Cuttle. 


No.  263. 


Saturday,  January  12,  1867. 


C  Price  Foiirpence. 
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T 


HE     EDINBURGH     REVIEW,    No.    CCLV. 

Will  be  published  on  WEDNESDAY  NEXT. 
Contexts. 
I.  FOREIGN  rOUCY  OF  SIK  JOHN  LAWRENCE. 
II.  ADAM  FERGUSON. 
III.  THE  PRIVATE  BUSINESS  OF  PARLIAMENT. 
IV.  RAWLINSON'S  ANCIENT  MONARCHIES. 

V.  MODERN  GLASS  PAINTING. 
VI.  TENANT  COMPENSATION  IN  IRELAND. 
VII.  EARLY  ENGLISH  TEXTS. 
VIII.  METEORIC  SHOWERS. 
IX.  POSITION  AND  PROSPECTS  OF  PARTIES. 
London  :  LONGMANS  and  CO.    Edinbursh  :  A.  and  C.  BLACK. 

Just  publialied,  price  2s.  Gii.,  Part  XXI.  of 

THE  HERALD  AND  GENEALOGIST.    Edited 

X  by  JOHN  GOUGH  NICHOLS,  F.S.A. 

CONTENTS : — 

Manor  of  Bitton,  eo.  Gloucester,  and  Pedigrees  of  Amneville,  Button, 
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Hampshire Swillington  of  Swillington Seals  <Jt   the  Setons — The 

Earldom  of  Brcadalbane The  Monuments  and  Heraldry  of  old  Chelsea 

Church Surnames  as   evidence  of  Descent — Semi-Royal    Titles   of 

Peerage Returns  on  the  Peers  of  Irelaud Uoubtfoi.   Baronetcies: 

Harington,  of  Ridlington;  Graham,  of  Eskj  Courtenay,  of  Powderham; 
I' Anson,  of  Ashby  St.  Leger's;  Bunce,  of  London;  Palmer,  of  Wing- 
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England Notes  and  Queries. 

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NOTES  AND  QUEKIES. 


[3'd  S.  XI.  Jax.  12,  '67 


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NOTES    AND    QUERIES. 


Volusie  Nintb,  Tbird    Series. 


Englisb,  Zrisb,  and  Scotcb  History,  i 

Oliver  Cromwell  and  Spenser's  Grandson —Marriage  of  the  Old  Pre- 
tender—The Young  Pretender  in  London  —  King  Arthur's  Tomb- 
stone—Pury  Papers— Sir  William  Walworth  and  Wat  Tyler— Was 
Prince  Charles  Edward  ever  in  Shefiicld  ?— Cromwell's  Sixty  Pro- 
positions for  remodelling  Chancery  —  Meeting  of  Wellington  and 
Blucher  —  Epitaph  in  Christchurch  Cathedral,  Dublin  —  Scottish 
Chartularies— Disinterment  of  Buonaparte's  Remains. 

Bio^aptay. 

John  Gaule— Rev.  J.  Boucher— Daniel  Defoe  in  Edinburgh— Queen 
Mary,  Jan  de  Beaugue,  and  Marshal  Guebriant— Nahum  Tate— God- 
frey Goodman— Francis  Place—Lives  of  Dr.  Beattie— Sir  T.  Pope— 
Dr.  Polidori— William  Stafford— James  Puckle— James  Howell. 

Bibliogrrapby  and  Xiiterary  History. 

Original  Prospectus  of  "  The  Times  "—Satire  against  Home's  "  Doug- 
las"—List  of  Charles  Cotton's  Works- Forgotten  Literary  Periodicals 
— Jarvis  Matcham  the  Murderer  — The  Flying  Highwayman— Ten- 
nyson's Sarly  Poetry— Letters  of  Marie  Antoinette— Waller's  Poems 
—Irish  Literary  Periodicals  —  Eden's  Edition  of  Bishop  Taylor  — 
Gibbon's  Miscellaneous  Works— Inkle  and  Yarico— Letters  of  Philip 
de  Comines  — Homer  in  a  Nutshell  — Anglo-Iiish  Bibliography— 
Musa;  Etonenses— Ruggle's  "  Ignoramus  "—The  Percy  Manuscripts. 

Popular  Antiquities  and  Folk-Xiore. 

Husbands  at  the  Church  Door— Dorset  Folk-Lore— Indo-Mahome- 
dan  Folk-Lore— The  Cotswold  Sports— Legend  of  St.  Nicholas- 
White  used  for  Mourning— Need  Fire  a  Cure  lor  Cattle  Plague— A 
Rush  Ring- Were  Wolves— English  Popular  Tales. 

Ballads  and  Old  Poetry. 

Contributions  from  Foreign  Ballad  Literature— The  Dragon  of 
Wantley— Shakspeare  and  the  Bible— A  Plea  for  Chaucer— Balma- 
whapple's  Song— Anonymous  Ballads — The  Jew's  Daughter— Sweet 
Kitty  Clover— Huntingdonshire  May- day  Song. 

Popular  and  Proverbial  Saying^s. 

Never  a  Barrel  the  better  Herring- Birds  of  a  Feather  Flock  together 
—  Up  at  Harwich- Leading  Apes  in  Hell. 

Pbilology. 

Hue  and  Cry-CTameur  de  Haro-Late  Make  :  This  and  That-Rot- 
ten Row-Bosworth — Vnglo-Saxon  Dictionary— Cooper's  Thesaurus- 
Starboard  and  Larboard— Meaning  of  Club. 

Genealogy  and  Heraldry. 

Ruthven  Peerage— Maria,  Countess  Marshall— The  Otelle— Oliphant 
Barony— Jacobite  Peerage,  Baronetage,  and  Knightage— Sir  Thomas 
Rumbold— Wigton  Peerage— Sutherland  Peerage— Gamage  Family- 
Epitaphs  Abroad— The  Wellesley  I'amily- The  Codfish  Aristocracy- 
Sepulchral  Devices— The  Agnews— The  Breadalbane  Peerage. 

Fine  Arts. 

National  Portrait  Exhibition— Newly- discovered  Portrait  of  Shak- 


Ecclesiastical  History. 

Huntingdon—Sermon  on  Witchcraft— The  Pallium— Beme  Light : 
Berying  Light— The  Cross-Harish  Registers  and  Probate  Courts  — 
The  Pragmatic  Sanction-Edward  the  Sixth's  Itinerant  Preachers— 
Processio°nal  Litany  of  Dunkeld-St.  Michael. 

Topograpby. 

Worcester  Notes  and  Queries— Grantham  Market  Cross— Cambo- 
dunum_St.  James's  Lutheran  Chapel— Old  Leather  Sellers'  Hall-- 
The  Mitre  Tavern  and  Dr.  Johnson— Dilamgerbcndi-Dover  s  Hill 
on  the  Cotswolds-Spanish  Main-Kilburn  Nunnery— St.  lancras 
Parish. 

IVIiscellaneous  "States  and  Queries. 

Shakspeare's  Silence  about  Smoking-Court  of  Pie  Poudre— Human 
Footprints  on  Rocks—Judges  returning  to  the  Bar- The  Loving  Cup 
and  Drinking  Healths-Medal  of  Chevalier  St.  George-Sepulchral 
Devices-Holland  House  Gun  Fire- Autographs  in  Books-Bag- 
pipes—Round  Towers-Hell  Fire  Club- Population  of  Ancient  Rome 
ot  Bameveldt. 


WILLIAM  GREIG  SMITH,  32,  Wellington  Street,  Strand. 
And  by  order  of  all  Booksellers  and  Newsmen. 


S'-'i  S.  XI.  Jan.  12,  '67.]  ]1 


NOTES  AND  QUEKIES. 


29 


LOJf^OOJr,  SATURDAY,  JAiVUARF  12,  1SC7. 


CONTENTS.— X»  263. 


NOTES  :  —Itineraries  of  Edward  I.  and  Edward  II.,  29  — 
Catliolic  Periodicals,  lb.  —  Wick  Wrilps,  Pictor,  31  —  Cau- 
tion to  Book-Buyers  —  Punning  Mottoes— Shakespeariana 

—  Palling  Stars  —  Old  Proverb  :  Spider  —  "  Do  as  I  say, 
and  not  as  I  do  "  —  Carrion  —  Dial  Inscription,  32 . 

QUERIES :  —  "  The  Tower  of  Babel,"  &c.,  by  John  Jones,  33 
—Historical  Query,  &c.,  75.  —  Beetles —"  Blood  is  Thicker 
than  Water  "  —  Chaplains  to  the  Lord  Lieutenant  of  Ire- 
land—  Clinton's  "  Chronology  "  —  B.  Comte  —  The  Cheva- 
lier D'Assas  —  King  Edward's  Mass  —  Flint  —  Keble 
Query  — Lineinge  or  Liveing  — MSS.  belonging  to  Queen 
Margaret  —  Pearls  of  Eloquence  —  John  Phreas,  or  Preas 

—  Painter  wanted  —  Poem  —  Q  in  the  Corner  —  "  Ride  a 
Cock-horse"  — Eouget  de  L'Isle:  Music  of  "Marseillais 
Hymn  "  —  Song  in  "  The  Two  Drovers  "  —  Shrine  of  St. 
Thomas,  Madras  —  Sir  Theodore  Talbot  —  Throckmorton 
Family  —  Tyler  and  Heard  Pamilies  —  Valentines  —  Van- 
dyke's Portrait  of  Lady  Sussex  — Wearing  Foreign  Orders 
of  Knighthood  in  England; — Passage  in  "Hamlet:" 
Wyeth  the  Commentator,  34. 

QUEEIE3  WITH  ANSWERS : —  A  Scottish  "  Index  Expurga- 
torius  "  —  James  Gillray,  Caricaturist  —  "  Racovian  Cate- 
chism "  —  Junius  :  the  Francis  Papers  —  Sasines :  Register 
of  Sasines  kept  at  Glasgow,  37. 

REPLIES :  —  Gibbon's  Library,  39  —  Psalm  and  Hymn 
Tunes,  40  —  Pre-Death  Monuments,  41  —  Glasgow,  42  — 
Washington,  43  —  Shelley's  "  Adonais  "  —  "  Les  Anglois 
s'amusaient  tristement "  —  Chain  Organ— Orange  Flowers, 
a  Bride's  Decoration— Horse-Chesnut —Betting  — Colo- 
nel J.  R.  Jackson  —  Bishop  Hare's  Pamphlet  —  Amateur 
Hop-'picking- Coypel's  Medals  —  Pews  —  Thomas  Mea- 
dows —  A  Pair  of  Stairs  —  Dab  —  Bad  Manners  —  William 
Preston,  M.R.I. A.  —  Bucket  Chain  — Boley,  &c.,  44. 

Notes  on  Books,  &c. 


ITINEEAEIES  OF  EDWAED  I.  AND 
EDWAED  II. 

I  heg  leave,  tlirougii  tlie  medium  of  your 
to  call  attention  to  a  glaring  and  fundamental 
defect  wliich  pervades  the  "Itineraries  of  Ed- 
ward I.  and  Edward  II.,"  compiled  by  the  late 
Eev.  C.  H.  Hartshorne,  and  printed  in  the  Col- 
lectanea ArcJiceologica  of  the  British  Archfeological 
Association,  toI.  i.  p.  113,  and  vol.  ii.  p.  115.  A 
defect  of  the  kind  which  I  shall  describe  is  fatal 
in  the  highest  degree,  because  it  not  only  works 
mischief  within  its  own  limits,  but  it  also  inspires 
one  with  doubt  as  to  the  general  accuracy  of  a 
table  of  dates  in  which  the  simplest  laws  of 
chronology  are  broken.  A  royal  itinerary  is  a 
most  useful  and  interesting  compilation,  and  it  is 
quite  possible  to  construct  one  which  shall  be  per- 
fectly consistent  with  truth ;  but  in  this  Mr.  H. 
has  failed  egregiously. 

It  is  a  well-established  fact  that  the  regnal 
years  of  King  Edward  II.  began  on  July  8,  and 
ended  on  the  seventh  ; .  but  if  any  of  your  readers 
will  take  up  Mr.  Hartshorne's  tables,  they  will 
see  that  he  makes  the  regnal  years  commence  on 
July  1,  thereby  misplacing  throughout  the  whole 
table  the  first  seven  days  of  July  by  a  whole  year. 
This  error  is  inexcusable  in  these  days  of  im- 
proved record  knowledge  and  chronological  ac- 


curacy; and  I  feel  myself  perfectly  justified  in 
warning  your  readers  not  to  place  implicit  reliance 
on  Mr.  Hartshorne's  Itineraries,  The  error  speaks 
for  itself,  because  the  years  of  our  Lord  are  given 
as  well  as  the  regnal  years,  and  so  the  tables  prove 
themselves  to  be  self-contradictory,  without  ap- 
pealing to  external  evidence.  Take  the  first  year 
of  the  Itinerary  of  Edward  II. ;  the  computation 
is  correct  down  to  June  30,  1308,  in  the  first 
regnal  year ;  but  then  Mr.  Hartshorne  makes  the 
first  seven  days  of  July  following  to  be  in  the 
second  year,  which  is  absurd.  July  1,  1308,  is 
not  the  first  day  of  the  second  year  of  Edward  II. 
according  to  Hartshorne,  but  it  is  one  of  the 
closing  days  of  the  first  regnal  year.  This  is  the 
grave  and  unpardonable  error  which  pervades  the 
entire  Itinerary,  making  it,  as  I  maintain,  almost 
worthless  as  a  dependable  authority.  Why,  in 
the  name  of  common  sense,  should  Mr.  Hartshorne 
thus  divide  his  regnal  years,  when  he  takes  the 
trouble  to  impress  upon  the  reader,  by  means  of  a 
note  on  the  first  page,  the  fact  that  Edward  L 
died  on  July  7  ?  If  he  died,  as  we  know  he  did, 
on  July  7,  how  can  his  successor  commence  his 
reign  on  July  1  ?  Surely  the  British  Archae- 
ological Association  is  bound  to  ofier  some  apology 
to  its  members  for  having  been  the  means  of  pro- 
mulgating a  contradictory  chronology. 

The  Itinerary  for  Edward  I.  is  open  to  the  same 
objection.  That  king  commenced  his  reign  on 
November  20,  but  with  a  curious  perverseness 
Mr.  Hartshorne  makes  him  commence  on  No- 
vember 1,  thereby  misplacing  the  greater  part  of 
that  month. 

These  tables  are  disfigured  by  another  defect, 
which  might  easily  have  been  avoided ;  I  mean 
with  regard  to  the  names  of  places  which  are 
sometimes  modernized  and  sometimes  not.  No 
rule  is  followed.  Why  should  we  have  West- 
minster, Berwick,  or  York  in  proper  orthography, 
and  then  such  a  string  of  variations  as  these  :  — 
Pontisseram,  Pountese,  Pounteyse,  Puntose,  Pun- 
teise,  Pountoys,  Pontisaram,  Puntese,  Pountissar ; 
or  why  cannot  Bokton  subtus  Le  Bleen  be  trans- 
lated into  its  proper  and  well-known  English 
name,  Boughton-under-Blean  ? 

In  these  remarks  I  cannot  help  being  hard 
upon  Mr.  Hartshorne,  because  he  has  gone  out  of 
his  way  to  be  incorrect.  Any  chronological  work 
which  is  based  upon  a  fallacy  had  much  better 
never  have  been  written.  W.  H.  Hae,t. 

Folkestone  House,  Eoupell  Park,  Streatliam,  S. 


CATHOLIC  PEEIODICALS.* 
In  the  same  year,  1836,  was  begun  a  Catholic 
weekly  paper,  entitled  TJie  Mediator  and  British 
Catholic  Advocate.     But  its  politics  were  too  un- 
decided, and  its  management  too  feeble  to  secure 

*  Continued  from  p.  4. 


30 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[3>^d  S.  XI.  Jan.  12,  '67. 


any  great  patronage  ;  so  that  it  soon  died  a  natural 
death. 

In  1836  also,  in  the  month  of  May,  appeared 
the  first  number  of  The  Dtihlin  Revieiv.  This 
periodical  was  projected  hy  the  Rev.  Dr.  Wise- 
man (afterwards  Cardinal),  Mr.  O'Connell,  and 
Mr.  Quin,  the  last  editing  the  first  two  num- 
bers. No.  3  was  edited  by  the  Rev.  M.  A.  Tier- 
ney,  and  Nos.  4,  5,  and  6  by  Mr.  James  Smith  of 
The  Edinhurgh  Catholic  Magazine.  After  this 
Mr.  Bagshawe  became  the  editor,  and  so  continued 
till  the  commencement  of  a  new  series  in  1863, 
under  the  editorship  of  Dr.  "Ward. 

In  1837  a  British  and  Irish  Catholic  Magazitie 
was  begim  at  Glasgow  by  Mr.  Kennedy,  but  only 
a  few  numbers  were  published. 

The  Catholic  Penng  Magazine  was  edited  by 
Matthew  P.  Haynes,  but  was  discontinued  after 
some  months,  on  the  editor's  removing  to  Ireland 
to  edit  an  Irish  newspaper. 

The  Phoenix,  a  weekly  newspaper,  was  edited 
by  Dr.  D.  Cox,  and  published  at  Edinburgh ;  but 
was  discontinued  after  about  nine  months. 

The  Courier  was  another  weekly  paper,  published 
at  Edinburgh.     The  editor  was  David  Doud. 

The  Tablet  newspaper  was  begun  May  16,  1840, 
by  Frederick  Lucas,  a  convert  from  Quakerism. 
In  1843  it  was  enlarged  to  the  usual  folio  size.  It 
was  published  in  London  till  .January,  1850,  and 
then  in  Dublin.  At  one  period  the  printers, 
Messrs.  Cox,  in  consequence  of  some  misunder- 
standing with  Mr.  Lucas,  brought  out  The  Tablet 
on  their  own  account,  edited  by  Mr.  Quin  ;  while 
Mr.  Lucas  continued  his  paper  as  The  True 
Tablet. 

Reed's  Catholic  Recorder  began  in  1841,  but 
ceased  in  the  year  following. 

Another  weekly  paper  began  July  30,  1842, 
called  The  Catholic :  an  Ecclesiastical  and  Literary 
Journal  for  the  Catholics  of  the  British  Empire. 
It  was  edited  by  Mr.  D.  D.  Keane.  It  came  to 
an  end,  after  seventeen  numbers,  on  ISTovember  19. 
There  was  notice  given  of  an  intention  to  appear 
on  December  30  as  a  monthly  journal,  but  this 
was  not  carried  into  effect. 

A  very  interesting,  respectable,  and  ably-con- 
ducted periodical  appeared  Jime  15,  1844,  The 
Catholic  Weekly  Instructor.  It  was  conducted  by 
the  Rev.  Thomas  Sing,  with  the  patronage  and 
aid  of  Dr.  Wiseman  and  other  able  contributors. 
It  soon  reached  a  circulation  of  20,000  copies. 
It  was  published  by  Messrs.  Richardson  and  Son 
at  Derby.  In  August,  1846,  it  became  a  monthly 
publication,  but  was  discontinued  in  December, 
1847.  The  whole  series  makes  four  volumes  of 
small  quarto  size. 

An  attempt  was  made  to  bring  out  a  small  local 
penny  magazine  with  the  following  title :  The 
Good  Shepherd,  for  the  Catholic  Eastern  District. 
The  projector  was  Mr.  W.  E.  Stutter ;  but  the 


attempt  proved  abortive,  for  not  more  than  one 
number  was  published,  which  was  on  May  3,  • 
1845. 

The  Beacon,  a  Weekly  Journal  of  Catholicity, 
Politics,  and  Literature,^ ^xst  appeared  April  18, 
1846  ;  but  after  two  or  three  numbers  the  Beacon 
was  extinguished.     It  was  edited  by  Mr.  Doud. 

Of  another  paper,  called  The  Catholic  Weekly 
Miscellany,  only  about  twenty  numbers  were  pub- 
lished. 

Duffy's  Irish  Catholic  Magazine  was  published 
monthly.  It  began  in  January,  1847,  and  ceased 
in  December,  1848. 

A  very  respectable,  learned,  and  ably-conducted 
periodical.  The  Weekly  and  Monthly  Orthodox,  ap- 
peared January  6,  1849,  under  the  editorship  of 
the  Rev.  Richard  Boyle.  The  second  volume 
commenced  July  7  in  the  same  year,  but  the  pub- 
lication was  discontinued  July  28,  1850. 

The  above  periodical,  as  also  Dolman''s  Maga- 
zine, were  amalgamated  with  The  Weekly  Register, 
which  began  August  4,  1849,  and  ended  January 
26,  1850. 

The  Catholic  Standard  was  commenced  October 
14,  1849,  and  published  as  a  weekly  newspaper. 
A  few  years  afterwards  its  name  was  changed  to 
The  Weekly  Register  and  Catholic  Standard,  and 
so  it  continues. 

The  Catholic  Register  and  Magazine  appeared 
monthly,  commencing  in  March,  1650,  as  a  con- 
tinuation of  The  Weekly  Register,  of  which  men- 
tion was  made  above. 

The  Lamp :  a  Catholic  Journal  of  Literature, 
Science,  the  Eine  Arts,  ^-c,  devoted  to  the  Religious, 
Moral,  Physical,  and  JDoiuestic  Improvement  of  the 
Industrious  Classes.  This  well  known  and  most 
useful  publication  was  begun  March  10,  1850,  by 
the  late  Mr.  T.  E.  Bradley,  was  afterwards  edited 
by  Mr.  James  Burke,  and  then  passed  under  its 
present  management, 

Mr.  Bradley  also  began  a  Catholic  journal  in 
Scotland  called  The  Northern  Times.  It  was  pub- 
lished at  Glasgow,  but  was  unsuccessful  and  soon 
abandoned. 

The  Literary  Cabinet  appeared  in  London  in 
1858.  It  was  first  of  12mo  size.  Vol.  ii.  came 
out  in  an  enlarged  form  in  1859.  A  new  series 
commenced  as  vol.  iii.,  but  of  this  only  a  single 
number  appeared.  The  discontinuance  of  The 
Literary  Cabinet  was  much  regretted,  as  it  was  a 
lively  and  well- written  periodical,  and  contained 
an  unusual  quantity  of  good  original  poetry. 

The  Rambler  appeared  on  January  1,  1848,  as  a 
"  Weekly  Magazine  of  Home  and  Foreign  Litera- 
ture, Politick,  Science,  and  Art."  It  was  pub- 
lished weekly  till  September,  ajid  from  that  time 
monthly  till  February  1, 1859.  From  May  1, 1859, 
it  was  published  every  two  months.  Finally  it 
became  The  Home  and  Foreign  Review,  and  was 
published  quarterly  from  July  1,  1862.     It  soon 


S'^i  S.  XI.  Jan.  12,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


31 


incurred  the  marked  disapproval  ^of  ecclesiastical 
authority  ;  and  the  faithful  being  warned  against 
it,  the  publication  was  soon  after  discontinued. 

The  Liverpool  Catholic  Institute  Magazine  was 
commenced  in  1856  or  1857.  It  was  published  at 
first  in  Liverpool,  but  subsequently  by  Burns  and 
Lambert  in  London.  It  was  discontinued  in 
1858. 

The  Harp,  or  Irish  Catholic  Magazine^  was  pub- 
lished at  Cork  by  J.  McCann.  The  first  number 
appeared  in  March,  1859,  but  it  was  discontinued 
in  the  following  October.  It  was  revived,  how- 
ever, as  The  Irish  Harp  in  March,  1863,  but  ended 
in  February,  1864. 

The  Atlantis  was  published  in  Dublin  from  1859 
to  186] ,  making  four  volumes.  The  articles  were 
generally  deep,  philosophical,  and  scientific  dis- 
sertations, written  by  members  of  the  Catholic 
University. 

In  December,  1860,  was  established  in  London 
The  Universal  Nexvs  by  a  company  of  shareholders 
nearly  all  Catholics,  aud  the  greater  number  Irish- 
men. Its  first  editor  was  the  late  Mr.  A.  W. 
Harnett,  who  was  succeeded  by  Mr,  John  Francis 
O'Donnell,  who  continued  to  edit  the  paper  till 
recently.  The  present  editor  is  also  an  Irish 
Catholic. 

Of  the  -Catholic  newspaper  The  Universe,  which 
began  about  this  time,  I  can  give  no  particulars. 
Application  was  made  to  the  editor  for  informa- 
tion, first  through  a  friend,  and  afterwax'ds  directly, 
but  no  notice  was  taken  of  either  application. 

Duffy^s  Hibernian  Magazine  was  published 
monthly  in  Dublin.  The  first  series  began  July, 
1860,  and  ended  December,  1861.  This  periodi- 
cal recommenced  in  January,  1862,  as  a  second 
series,  but  lasted  only  till  June,  1864. 

The  Month,  a  magazine  of  superior  character, 
first  began  in  July,  1864.  It  has  held  on  its  way 
most  respectably,  and  now  flourishes  more  than 
ever  under  a  new  management. 

A  new  Catholic  weekly  paper  commenced  De- 
cember 29,  1866,  entitled  The  Westminster  Ga- 
zette, professing  to  ''  ofier  to  all  Catholics  of  the 
United  Kingdom  a  common  ground  of  union  for 
the  maintenance  of  Catholic  principles  on  all  the 
questions  of  the  day  proper  to  be  discussed  in  a 
newspaper." 

With  this  I  close  the  list  of  Catholic  periodi- 
cals, which,  as  far  as  I  know,  have  never  before 
been  presented  in  a  collected  form;  but  which 
well  deserve  preservation,  and  cannot  more  effec- 
tually secure  it  than  in  the  pages  of  "N.  &  Q." 
F.  C.  H. 

WICK  WRILPS,  PICTOR. 
A  satisfactory  solution  has  at  last  been  dis- 
covered of  this  puzzling  name,  which  appeared  in 
an  inscription  on  the  back  of  a  portrait  of  *'  Thomas 
Hobbes,"  belonging  to  Sir  Walter  Trevelyan,  Bart. 


It  was  communicated  to  "  N.  &  Q."  as  far  back 
as  September  3,  1853  ;  and  has  not,  I  believe,  till 
now,  elicited  any  real  or  attempted  explanation. 
The  writing,  in  coarse  black  letters  on  the  back  of 
the  canvas,  stood  as  follows :  — 

"  Thomas  Hobbs. 

Philosoplius  Malmasburiensis  {sic) 
Anno  jEtatis  81." 
"  Jo'  Wick  Wrilps  Londiensis  {sic) 

Pictor  Caroli  2*  {sic)  Regis  pinixit  {sic')" 

There  could  be  little  doubt  that  the  inscription 
was  an  ignorant  copy  of  something  better ;  but 
the  painter's  name  was  a  great  puzzle.  The  pic- 
ture was  lent  to  the  South  Kensington  Portrait 
Exhibition  (No.  975  of  the  Catalogue) ;  and,  on 
the  close  of  the  Exhibition  in  August  last.  Sir 
Walter  Trevelyan  generously  presented  it  to  this 
permanent  institution,  the  National  Portrait  Gal- 
lery. 

^hen  the  picture  came  to  be  placed  under  my 
care,  I  had  the  back  thoroughly  examined,  and 
found  that  the  canvas,  with  the  inscription  on  it, 
was  a  false  lining  that  had  been  added  many 
years  ago,  to  strengthen  the  very  much  worn  and 
already  crumbling  canvas  of  the  picture  itself. 
On  separating  these  two  canvases,  and  for  a  time 
once  more  exposing  the  real  back,  the  genuine 
inscription  came  to  light,  written  in  much  smaller 
and  precisely  formed  letters,  without  any  of  those 
deformities  of  spelling  which  characterised  the 
copy.     It  ran  thus :  — 

"  Thomas  Hobbs  Philosophus  Malmesburiensis 
Anno  Aetatis  81. 
Jo'  Mich :  Writus  Londinen''' 
Pictor  Caroli  'i"*'  Regis  Pinxit." 

The  painter  was  therefore  the  well-lmown  artist 
Joseph  Michael  Wright,  mentioned  in  Evelyn's 
Diary,  and  painter  of  the  Twelve  Judges  in  1666, 
still  in  the  Law  Courts  at  Guildhall ;  and  painter, 
in  1675,  of  a  capital  picture  of  Lacy,  the  comedian, 
in  three  diff'erent  theatrical  characters,  at  Hamp- 
ton Court  Palace,  and  recently  cleaned  by  Mr.  H. 
Merritt.  He  not  unfrequently  signed  his  name 
also  "  M.  Eitus."  This  portrait  of  Hobbes  was, 
as  sho'svn  by  his  age,  painted  in  1669 — the  same 
year  that  Cosmo,  son  of  Ferdinand  the  Grand 
Duke  of  Tuscany,  paid  a  visit  to  England.  Cosmo 
is  said  to  have  possessed  a  portrait  of  the  old 
philosopher  at  Florence  ;  and  Hobbes's  name  ap- 
pears in  Count  Magalotti's  Diary  of  the  prince's 
residence  in  London,  imder  the  date  May  29,  1669, 
on  the  occasion  of  a  visit  to  the  sage's  distin- 
guished pupil,  the  Earl  of  Devonshire.  It  would 
still,  as  Sir  Walter  suggests,  be  interesting  to 
ascertain  whether  a  portrait  of  Hobbes  is  now  in 
the  galleries  at  Florence  ;  and  if  so,  by  whom  it 
was  painted.  George  Schake. 

National  Portrait  Gallerv,  Westminster. 


32 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[3>-d  S.  XI.  Jan.  12,  '67. 


CAiJTioi(r  TO  BooK-BtrrEKS. — Please  give  up  to 
me  a  small  space  in  the  next  number  of  "  N.  &  _Q." 
that  I  may  put  yoiu:  readers  on  their  gaard  against 
a  swindler. 

On  the  10th  of  November  I  advertised  in  that 
part  of  "X.  &  Q."  devoted  to  "Books  and  Odd 
Volumes  wanted  to  Purchase,"  for  The  Archao- 
hgia,  vol.  xxxvi.  part  ii.  About  ten  days  after 
this  advertisement  appeared,  I  received  a  letter, 
seemingly  from  a  trustworthy  person,  who  gave 
what  appeared  to  be  a  private  address  in  town. 
By  this  letter  I  was  offered  a  copy  of  the  book  I 
required,  "quite  clean,  only  part  cut,"  for  4s.  6fZ. 
and  sixpence  for  the  postage.  I  at  once  sent  the 
money  in  postage  stamps,  but  the  book  did  not 
come  to  hand.  In  about  a  week  after  I  had  posted 
my  first  letter,  with  the  money  in  it,  I  wrote 
again;  and  shortly  afterwards  received  a  com- 
munication from  a  post-master,  who  informed  me 
that  the  address  given  by  the  person  to  whoin  I 
had  sent  the  five  shillings  was  not  that  person's 
true  address,  but  a  post-ofiice. 

I  have  of  com'se  heard  no  more  of  my  stamps, 
nor  of  the  scamp  who  has  got  them.  He  has 
wisely  never  shown  himself  at  the  post-ofiice 
since.  As  however  I  have  very  strong  reasons  for 
believing  that  I  am  not  the  only  man  who  has 
been  deluded  by  this  impostor,  and  as  it  is  highly 
probable  that  he  still  pursues  his  evil  courses,  I 
think  it  right  to  put  your  readers  on  their  guard. 

I  have  not  printed  the  name  of  the  culprit,  as  it 
is  I  believe  borne  by  persons  who  are  honourable 
members  of  society,  to  whom  the  evil  doings  of 
their  real  or  assumed  namesake  might  give  pain. 
Edward  Peacock. 

Bottesford  Manor,  Brigg,  Jan.  5, 1867. 

PuNxrs'G  Mottoes.  —  Many  of  these  are  well 
known,  such  as  that  of  the  Vernon  family,  "  Ver 
non  semper  viret";  the  Fortescues,  "Forte  scu- 
tum salus  ducum";  the  Deedes,  ''Facta  non 
verba";  the  Hopes,  "At  spes  non  fracta."  We 
also  remember  Dean  Swift's  tobacconist,  with 
"Quid  rides?"  emblazoned  on  his  coach  panels. 

The  following  is,  I  think,  an  instance  almost 
unique.  In  the  year  1865,  the  Pilotage  Commis- 
sioners of  the  River  Tvne  were  formed  into  a 
corporate  body  vdth  a  common  seal.  The  seal  re- 
presents the  mouth  of  the  river,  with  a  lighthouse ; 
a  ship  in  full  sail,  with  a  pilot-boat  in  the  fore- 
ground. The  motto,  which  was  furnished  by  a 
witty  gentleman  of  the  neighbourhood,  is — "  In 
portu  salus."  The  peculiarity  of  this  is,  that 
pronounced  either  as  Latin  or  English  it  is  equally 
appropriate :  — 

"  In  portu  salus." 
"  In  port  you  sail  us," 

In  truth,  the  English  suits  the  seal  best.  I 
shall  be  glad  to  learn  if  any  similar  instance  of 
this  macaronic  character  exists.  J.  A.  P. 

Wavertree,  near  Liverpool. 


Shakespeaeiaita. — Changed  "...  our  wedding 
cheer  to  a  sad  funeral  feast."    {Borneo  and  Juliet, 
Act  I\'.  Sc.  5).     In  Gillies's  Collection  of  Gaelic 
Poems,  p.  204,  occurs  the  following :  — 
"  An  leann  a  rhog  iad  gv  dTjhanais 
Gv  d'fhalair  abha  e." 
"  The  ale  they  had  brewed  for  thy  wedding, 
To  thy  burial  it  was." 

J.L. 

Dublin. 

Fallen-g  Stars. — During  the  night  of  Friday 
and  Saturday,  August  9  and  10,  1839,  the  heavens 
were  brightened  with  innumerable  falling  stars  of 
the  first  magnitude.  Mr.  Forster  counted  above 
six  hundred.  It  is  not  a  little  singular  that  the 
people  of  Franconia  and  Saxony  have  believed  for 
ages  that  St.  Lawrence  weeps  tears  of  fire  whicK 
fall  from  the  sky  on  his  fete  day,  August  10. 

Seth  Wait, 
Old  Proverb  :  Spider.  —  I  never  understood 
the   meaning   of  the   proverb   so   often  used  in 
Kent :  — 

"  He  who  would  wish  to  thrive 
Must  let  spiders  run  alive," 

imtil  I  read  in  to-day's  Reader  the  following 
legend  from  the  review  of  Henderson's  Notes  on 
the  Folk  Lore  of  the  Northern  Counties  of  England 
and  the  Borders  :  — 

"  In  the  little  town  of  Malton,  in  Yorkshire,  about  nine 
years  ago,  my  friend,  the  Rev.  J.  B.  Dykes,  now  vicar  of 
St.  Oswald's",  Durham,  whUe  visiting  an  old  woman 
during  her  last  illness,  observed  a  spider  near  her  bed,, 
and  attempted  to  destroy  it.  She  at  once  interfered,  and 
told  him  with  much  earnestness  that  spiders  ought  not 
to  be  kiUed;  for  we  should  remember  how,  when  our 
Blessed  Lord  lay  in  the  manger  at  Bethlehem,  the  spider 
came  and  spun'  a  beautiful  web,  which  protected  the  in- 
nocent Babe  from  all  the  dangers  which  surrounded 
Him.     The  old  woman  was  about  90  years  of  age." 

Alfred  Johk  Dtj^-kin^. 
Dartford. 

"Do  AS  I  SAT,  XSD  IfOT  AS  I  DO." — Is  it  not 
worthy  to  be  noted  in  the  pages  of  "  X.  &  Q." 
that  this  every-day  expression  is  five  hundred 
vears  old  ?  It  occurs  in  the  Decamerone  of  Boccace 
(I  quote  from  the  French  of  M.  Sabatier  de  Cas- 
tres),  Troisieme  Jom-nee,  nouvelle  vii. :  "  Us 
croient  avoir  bien  repondu  et  etre  absous  de  tout 
crime  quand  ils  ont  dit,  Faites  ce  que  nous  disons 
et  ne  faites  pas  ce  que  nous  faisons.''' 

H.  FlSHWICK. 

Carriom^. — The  other  day,  I  heard  this  noun 
usedverj-  forcibly  as  an  adjective  by  a  Hunting- 
donshire woman,  who,  in  describing  the  expres- 
sions dealt  out  to  her  by  an  angry  neighbour,  said, 
"And  then  she  called  me  all  sorts  o'  carrion 
names."  She  was  unwittingly  imitating  Shak- 
speare,  who  has  also  used  carrion  as  an  adjective 
in  certain  strong  passages  in  The  Merchant  of 
Venice — "carrion   death,"  "  camon  flesh."      In 


3^1  S.  XI.  Jax.  12,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


33 


Julius  Ccesar  lie  speaks  of  "  carrion  men  " ;  in 
Borneo  and  Juliet^  of  "  carrion  flies " ;  in  The 
Second  Tart  of  Henry  I'L,  of  "  carrion  kites  "  ; 
and  in  King  John,  of  "  a  carrion  monster " ; 
though  nowhere  of  "  carrion  names." 

CUTHBEET  BeDE. 

Dial  Inscription. — I  copied  the  following  from 

the  dial  on  the  south  porch  at  Seaham  church,  co. 

pal.  Durham,  in  1863  :  — 

"  The  Natural  Clock-work  by  the  mighty  one  "J 
Wound  up  at  first,  and  ever  since  have  gone,  j" 
No  Pin  drops  out,  its  Wheels  and  Springs  hold  good,  \ 
It  speaks  its  Maker's  praise  tho'  once  it  stood  ;  J 

But  that  was  by  the  order  of  the  woi-kman's  power ; 
And  when  it  stands  again  it  goes  no  more. 

•' John  Robinson,  Kector.       \  ,r,^„ 

A.  Douglass  Clerk,  Fecit.    |  a.b.  i ,  /  d. 
"Thomas  Smith,  )  p,,    _  ,     „,  i  „„ 

Samuel  Stevenson,     j  Churchwardens. 
"  Seaham,  in  Latitude  54''.  51™." 

J.  T.  r. 

The  College,  Hurstpierpoint. 


"  THE  TOWER  OF  BABEL,"  ETC.,  BY 
JOHN  JONES. 
I  have  recently  met  with  a  curious  8vo  pam- 
phlet, intituled  — 

"  The  Tower  of  Babel ;  or.  Essays  on  the  Confusion  of 
Tongues.  By  John  Jones,  Member  of  eminent  Societies 
at  Home  and'  Abroad." 

It  consists  of  six  Essays,  which  occupy  ninety- 
two  pages,  with  a  Dedication  prefixed  of  three 
pages,  followed  by  an  Introductory  Addi-ess  of 
six  pages.  The  object  of  it  appears  to  be  to  prove 
*'  that  the  Celtic  or  British  dialect  was  the  mother 
of  all  the  principal  languages."  And  the  author, 
in  his  treatment  of  the  subject,  professes  "to 
continue  Mr.  Le  Brigant's  favourite  pursuit  of 
analogy,  founded  on  former  emigrations."  He 
''  adds  fresh  evidence  concerning  the  first  dis- 
covery of  America  by  a  Prince  of  Wales  in  the 
twelfth  century," 

The  pamphlet  is  not  mentioned  by  either  "Watt, 
Lowndes,  or  Darling,  AUibone  gives  the  title  of 
it,  states  the  line  of  argument  pursued  in  it,  and 
adds  a  short  quotation  from  one  of  its  pages,  but 
appends  no  account  of  the  author.  It  bears  no 
date ;  but  as  it  is  dedicated  "  to  the  Right  Hon- 
ourable John  Trevor,  late  his  Majesty's  Minister 
Plenipotentiary  at  the  Court  of  Turin,"  it  must 
have  been  published  subsequent  to  December, 
1798 — which  was  the  date  of  Trevor's  retire- 
ment from  his  envoyship  at  the  above-named 
Court.  The  author's  name  is  not  included  in  any 
biographical  work  which  I  have  consulted ;  but, 
from  the  Introductory  Address,  and  some  of  the 
foot-notes  to  the  Essays,  I  find  that  he  resided  at 
Pontrieux  in  Brittany  whilst  qualifying  himself 


for  an  honourable  profession,  which  he  subse- 
quently followed  abroad  ;  that  he  was  a  personal 
friend  of  Le  Brigaut,  who  left  him  his  papers 
fifteen  years  before  he  wrote  this  pamphlet ;  that 
the  last  conversation  he  had  with  him  was  in 
Paris,  in  1786 ;  and  that,  upon  the  breaking  out 
of  the  Revolution,  he  was  forced  to  return  home. 

I  infer  from  the  Dedication  that  the  author  was 
at  Turin,  but  in  what  capacity  I  am  unable  to  say, 
during  Trevor's  residence  in  that  city;  that  he 
was  on  familiar  terms  with  him,  and  enjoyed  his 
society  there  ;  also,  that  he  was  advanced  in  years 
when  he  wrote  this  pamphlet,  the  date  of  which  I 
fi,x  about  1801.  I  will  add,  that  a  vein  of  Celtic 
patriotism  pervades  the  whole  of  the  sentiments 
which  he  promulgates. 

If  any  of  his  contemporaries  who  were  his 
associates,  or  any  of  his  relatives  or  connections, 
be  still  living,  I  trust  that  the  several  points 
which  I  have  specified  will  enable  them  to  iden- 
tify him,  and  serve  as  an  inducement  for  some  of 
them  to  furnish  your  pages  with  a  sketch  of  his 
life,  and  a  list  of  any  works  he  may  have  left 
behind  him  in  MS.  Llallawg, 


HISTORICAL  QUERY : 

"  THE  RISE  AND  FALL  OF  THE  DE  LA  POLES." 

After  nearly  a  year's  hiatus — from  the  worst  of 
all  causes,  bad  health — I  am,  thank  goodness,  en- 
abled once  more  to  enjoy  my  favourite  hebdoma- 
dal publication  "  N.  &  Q. ;  "  and  I  trust  that  the 
following  will  be  deemed  of  sufiicient  interest  to 
meet  with  the  courtesy  that  I  have  always  ex- 
perienced at  the  hands  of  the  respected  Editor. 
My  reason  for  the  present  note  is,  that  if  I  ad- 
dressed it  to  the  Gentleman'' s  Magazine  it  would  not, 
even  if  inserted,  appear  before  February  next,  when 
the  interest  would  to  a  certain  extent  have  become 
somewhat  relaxed.  In  the  September  number  of 
the  Gentleman's  Magazine  is  an  elaborate,  and 
evidently  a  laboured  article  headed  as  above,  and 
signed  "  Bourchier  W.  Savile,"  in  which  the 
writer  works  hard  to  show  that  De  la  Pole,  Duke 
of  Suffolk  {temp.  Henry  VI.,  and  some  time  Prime 
Minister  to  that  monarch),  was  one  of  the  greatest 
men  of  the  age — a  hero  in  war,  diplomacy,  and 
everything  that  could  adorn  human  nature.  The 
deep  eulogy  of  the  article  is  not  now  appa- 
rent, but  that  it  is  somewhat  extravagant  is  plain 
to  any  reader.  It  had  attracted  the  attention  of 
my  learned  friend  J.  H.  Gibson,  of  this  town,  who, 
amongst  his  unique  collection  of  rare  and  curious 
works,  has  a  pamphlet,  the  title-page  of  which  I 
give  in  full  as  follows  :  — 

"  Acts  of  Parliament 

No  infallible  Securitj^  to 

Bad  Peace-Makers 

Exemplify'ed  in  the 
Life,  Negotiations,  Tryal, 


34 


NOTES  AND  QUEEIES. 


[3'd  S.  XI.  Jan.  12,  '67 


Attainder  and  Tragical  Death 
of 
William  De  La  Pole, 
Duke  of  Suffolk, 
Prime  Minister  in  the  Reign  of 
Henry  VI.  King  of  England, 
occasioned 
By  a  late  debate  in  Parliament  on 
the  State  of  the  Nation. 
London— Printed  for  J.  Baker 
at  the  Black  Bov  in  Pater  Foster  Row, 
'  1714. 
[Price  6c?.]." 
The  account  given  in  tliis  pamphlet  of  the  duke 
is  very  diflerent  indeed  from  that  given  by  the 
learned  writer  in  the  Gentleman' s  Magazine,  who 
seems  to  have  drawn  considerably  on  the  pam- 
phlet, but  adroitly  enough  turns   all  the  vices 
there  attributed  to  the  duke  into  prominent  vir- 
tues, and  omits  what  appears  at  p.   25   of  the 
pamphlet,   where   the   duke   is  designated  as   a 
"  common  nuisance  and  public  pest  of  the  king- 
dom ; "  and  if  the  contents  of  the  pamphlet  are 
true,  the  names  are   not  too   hard;  but  if  Mr. 
Savile's  account  in  the  Gentleman'' s  Magazine  be 
true,  the  unfortunate  duke  is  grossly  libelled  in 
the  pamphlet.     Mr.  Savile  cannot   be   correctly 
charged  with  plagiarism;  but  what  I  want  to 
have  set  right  is  a  matter  of  history — whether  the 
pamphlet  or  Mr.  Savile  is  to  be  believed.     One 
of  the  writers  must  be  wrong,  and  for  many  rea- 
sons I  would  prefer  to  find  Mr.  Savile  right ;  but, 
as  I  wish  to  read  history  correctly,  I  should  like 
to  have  proof  that  the  pamphlet  is  not  the  truth, 
which  it  appears  at  present  to  be. 

S.  EEDMOIfl), 
Liverpool. 

Beetles. — "  As  deaf  as  a  beetle."  Why  at- 
tribute deafness  to  these  insects  ?  If  speedy  flight 
on  the  approach  of  a  footstep  be  any  sign  of  hearing, 
they  possess  that  sense  acutely. 

William  Blades, 

"Blood  is  Thicker  than  Water." — Can  any 
of  your  readers  inform  me  what  is  the  meaning  of 
this  strange  proverb,  which  not  one  of  all  the 
persons  I  have  asked — to  whom  the  phrase  itself 
is  familiar — has  been  able  to  do  ?  It  is  obviously 
used  to  signify  that  affinity  of  blood  or  commu- 
nity of  origin  is  more  powerful  in  deciding  a 
course  of  action  than  other  motives  which  might 
seem  at  first  more  obvious;  but  that  does  not 
remove  the  absio-ditg  of  using  a  phrase  of  which 
no  rational  accoimt  can  be  given,  especially  when 
it  is  brought  in  as  an  argument,  as  it  was  in  a 
leading  article  of  The  Times.  The  thing  to  be 
explained  is  the  force  and  consequent  appropriate- 
ness of  the  words  "thicker  "  and  "water."  What 
does  the  latter  represent  ?  Philoprepes. 

Chaplains  to  the  Lord  Lieutenant  oe  Ire- 
land.— Will  you  kindly  inform  me  whether  there 


is  any  limit  to  the  number  of  chaplains  to  the 
Lord  Lieutenant  of  Ireland  ?  What  are  the  pri- 
vileges of  the  ofiice  ?  and  what  is  the.qualifica- 
tion  ?  In  what  year  was  the  post  of  Dean  of  the 
Chapel  Royal  established  ?  Abhba. 

Clinton's  "Chronology." — In  a  publication 
in  1862,  the  author  says — 

"  It  was  stated  in  the  London  Times  some  eighteen 
months  since,  that  the  distinguished  chronologisf  Fynes 
Clinton  had  proved  to  demonstration  the  era  of  1859  to 
be  133  years  behind  the  real  chronology  of  the  world." 

Wanted,  a  precise  reference  to  The  Times  or 
the  passage  in  Clinton.  D.  M, 

B.  CoMTE. — I  have  in  my  possession  at  present 
two  fine  engravings  of  the  Church  of  the  Monas- 
tery of  Batalha  and  the  Aqueduct  near  Lisbon. 
They  are  taken  from  paintings  by  L'Eveque,  and 
are  the  work  of  B.  Comte,  of  whom  I  should  be 
glad  to  know  more,  as  I  do  not  find  his  name  in 
Bryan's  Dictionary.  E.  H,  A. 

The  Chevalier  D'Assas. — In  1762,  when  the 
Prince  of  Brunswick  attempted  to  surprise  the 
French  army  at  Kampen,  the  Grenadiers  who 
formed  the  advanced  guard  seized  the  Chevalier 
d'Assas,  a  captain  in  the  regiment  of  Auvergne, 
and  threatened  him  with  instant  death  if  he  spoke. 
D'Assas,  judging  at  once  the  danger  of  the  army, 
shouted  out,  "  A  moi  Auvergne,  voici  les  en- 
nemis  !  "  and  fell  pierced  with  bayonet  wounds ; 
but  thus  gave  warning  to  his  friends,  who  flew  to 
arms,  and,  after  a  terrific  conflict,  repulsed  the 
attack.  For  this  act  the  French  Government 
granted  the  family  of  Assas  a  pension.  Some 
thirty  years  later,  when  all  pensions  and  distinc- 
tions were  swept  away  by  the  Revolution,  this 
one  was  retained  as  a  reward  for  a  service  done  to 
France.  Does  it  still  continue  to  be  paid  to  this 
family  ?  Sebastian. 

King  Edward's  Mass. — The  following  letter 
appeared  in  the  Chelmsford  Chronicle,  July  27, 
1866,  and  relates  to  so  curious  a  subject  that  I 
venture  to  ask  if  any  one  can  answer  the  question 
contained  in  it  ? 

"  Sir, — Can  any  of  your  correspondents  inform  me  in 
what  part  of  the  Harleian  MSB.  Brit.  Mus.  the  following 
qnaint  couplet  is  to  be  found,  and  the  authority-  that  Car- 
dinal Pole  made  use  of  these  words  to  Queen  Mary  on 
hearing  that  she  had  abolished  the  English  Communion 
Service  (or  masse,  as  our  early  Prayer-books  term  it)  of 
her  deceased  brother,  Edward  Vl.,  and  restored  the  Ro- 
man ofBce  ?  I  do  not  find  the  words  quoted  in  any 
modern  history  of  England.  The  fact  that  when  the 
Prince  of  Wales  comes  to  the  throne  he  will  reign  under 
the  title  of  Edward  VII.,  and  the  preference  shown  in 
some  quarters  to  the  first  Prayer-boolc  of  King  Edward 
VI.,  which  I  have  been  recently  perusing,  and  am  told  is 
likely  to  be  restored;  the  rapid  progress  of  what  is 
called  the  '  Ritual  Movement,'  and  the  great  popularity 
of  '  High  Church '  services  among  all  classes  of  the  com- 


3'<i  S.  XI.  Jan.  12,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


6. 


35 


miinity,  all  seem  to  bear  testimony  in  a  remarkable  way 
to  thetrutli  of  the  prophecy.* 

"  An  Anxious  Inquirek. 
"  P.S.  The  couplet  is  as  follows :  — 
"  '  Sbcth  Edward's  masse  three  hundred  j'eares  and  moe 
shal  quiet  bee, 
But  Sevent  Edward's  raigne   anon  restored  shall  it 
se.' " 

John  Piggot,  Jun. 

Flint. — What  is  the  proper  derivation  of  Flint? 
With  the  exception  of  Montgomery,  so  called  from 
the  Norman  follower  of  William  the  Conqueror, 
who  subj  ugated  the  district,  it  is  the  only  Welsh 
county  that  does  not  bear  a  British  name.  Pen- 
nant cannot  assign  any  derivation  to  the  word. 
The  county  is  totally  destitute  of  the  fossil  so 
called,  and  he  remarks  further  it  is  purely  Saxon ; 
and  notwithstanding  it  is  not  mentioned  in  Domes- 
day Book,  was  so  styled  before  the  Conquest. 
Lambarde  in  his  Dictionary  quotes  Polidore  Ver- 
gil, who  calls  it  Fleium,  because  Richard  II.  wept 
bitterly  there  at  tlie  contemplation  of  his  im- 
pending troubles.  I  have  heard  it  derived  from 
Fluentum,  corrupted  into  Flint,  from  its  local  posi- 
tion on  tlie  river  Dee.f 

Thomas  E.  Winnington. 

Keble  Q.tjery.  —  In  the  piece  given  in  The 
Christian  Year  for  the  tliird  Sunday  in  Lent,  the 
writer  expresses  his  belief  that  all  the  classical 
stories  of  "immortal  Greece"  referred  to  sacred 
things,  telling  "  of  visions  blest."  What,  then, 
did  "  the  sword  in  myrtles  drest "  typify  ?  As  the 
emblem  of  tyrannicide,  it  seems  rather  to  belong 
to  the  region  of  history  than  to  the  shadowy 
realms  of  mythology.  R. 

LiNEiXGE  OR  LivEHSTG. — In  a  terrier  made  in 
107G  in  the  Registry  of  the  Bishop  of  Lichfield, 
the  following  expression  occurs :  — 

"  Xine  lands  or  Ridges  abbutinge  upon  the  headland 
that  belongs  to  Woodcocks  Lineinge." 

In  another  terrier  made  in  1695,  showing  the 
sums  due  to  the  vicar  in  lieu  of  tithes,  there  are 
these  words :  — 

"  William  Ramzor  for  his  Liveing  .  00  xiij  iiij 
Rowland  Turner  for  his  Messuage  ,  00  x  00 
Nicholas  Dalkins  for  his  owne  Liveinge  00  x  00 
Nicliolas  Dalkins  for  Sheppards  Liveinge  00  x    vj'i." 

The  words  lineinge  or  liveing  are  probably 
synonymous,  and  obviously  relate  to  some  tenure 
of  land.  Can  you  inform  me  which  is  the  correct 
word,  and  to  what  species  of  tenure  it  applies  ? 

C.  R.  C. 


[*  No  prophecy  but  a  pure  figment. — Ed.  "  N.  &  Q."] 
[t  Another  conjecture  has  been  hazarded,  as  not  im- 
probable, that  the  name  was  British,  Fflwyn,  a  shred,  a 
sevei-ed  part  :  a  name  the  independent  Britons  would  na- 
turalh'  give  it,  after  the  inhabitants  had  submitted  to 
the  Roman  yoke,  which  it  is  evident  from  history  they 
did  long  [irior  to  the  other  subdued  parts  of^Cambria. — 
Ed.J 


MSS.   BELONGING  TO  QuEEN   MARGARET. — Can 

any  of  your  correspondents  inform  me  whether 
the  two  illuminated  books  said  to  belong  to  St. 
Margaret,  Queen  of  Scotland,  the  one  a  Praj'er- 
book,  the  other  the  Four  Gospels,  now  exist,  and 
where  preserved  ?  Dr.  Rock  mentions  them  in 
his  Church  of  our  Fathers ;  Mr.  Henry  Shaw 
names  the  Gospels  in  his  Decorative  Arts  of  the 
Middle  Ayes.  I  should  be  glad  if  any  light  can 
be  thrown  on  this  subject.  M.  G.  S. 

Pearls  of  Eloquence. — It  would  appear  from 
what  a  friend  writes  to  me  that  the  — 

"Pearls  nf  Eloquence,  or  the  School  of  Complements, 
wherein  Ladies,  Gentlewomen,  and  Schollars  may  ac- 
comodate their  courtly  practise  -ft-ith  Gentile  Ceremonies, 
Complemental,  Amorous,  and  high  expressions  of  speak- 
ing or  writing  of  letters.  By  W.  Elder,  Gent.  London, 
1655,"  — 

is  a  scarce  book.  The  author  in  his  epistle  to  the 
reader  writes,  "  having  penned  this  small  treatise," 
and  so  on,  intimating  it  to  be  an  original  compila- 
tion. To  test  this,  can  any  of  your  readers  tell 
me  the  earliest  date  the  following  couplets  ap- 
peared in  print,  and  if  earlier  than  1655  ?  — 

A  Lover  to  Ms  Mistress,  with  a  Pair  of  Gloves. 

"  If  that  from  Glove  you  take  the  letter  G, 
Then  glove  is  love,  and  that  I  send  to  thee." 

Her  answer  with  a  handkerchief:  — 
"  If  that  from  Clout  you  take  the  letter  C, 
Then  clout  is  lout,  and  that  I  send  to  thee." 

I  have  somewhere  seen  another  version  running 
thus :  — 

"  If  from  Glove  j'ou  take  the  letter  G, 
Glove  is  love,  and  that  in  me  you  C." 
"  If  that  from  Clout  you  take  the  letter  C, 
Clout  then  is  lout,  and  that  is  what  you  B." 

W.  Elder,  Gent.,  claims  this  as  his  own  :  — 

"  A  Welshman  twixt  Saint  TafSe's  day  and  Easter 
Ran  on  his  Hostis  score  for  cheese  a  Teaster ; 
His  Hostis  choak't  it  up  behind  the  dore. 
And  said,  '  Good  Sir,  for  cheese  discharge  your  score.' 
♦  Cods  so,'  quoth  he, '  what  raeaneth  these, 
Dost  tliink  her  knows  not  choak  from  cheese  ?  '  " 

Was  this  in  print  prior  to  1G55  ?         F.  W.  C. 
Clapham  Park,  S. 

John  Phreas,  or  Freas. — Can  any  of  your 
correspondents  tell  me  where  I  can  find  anything 
about  John  Phrfeas  (or  Freus)  of  Balliol  College, 
Oxford,  an  English  physician  who  died  in  1465  ? 
1  have  read  the  accounts  of  him  in  Pitseus  and 
Tanner,  and  their  modern  copyists,  but  I  want  to 
know  more  about  him.  Particularly,  I  wish  to 
know  whether  he  had  any  early  connection  with 
the  celebrated  Franciscan  convent  at  Oxford,  and 
its  two  famous  libraries.  Was  he  a  student  and 
lay  brother  at  the  convent  before  he  went  to 
Balliol  ?     Also,  I  want  to  know  the  meaning  of 


36 


Iv^OTES  AND  QUEEIES. 


"^  S.  XL  jAi,-.  12,  '6 


N.  S.  P.  D.,  wliicli  letters  Pliroeas  put  after  his 
name  in  his  printed  books.*  J.  G. 

Painter  av anted.  —  Who  was  the  artist  re- 
ferred to  in  the  following  extract  from  Peacock's 
Gri/U  Grange,  as  quoted  in  a  late  number  of  the 
North  British  Review  f — 

"Yet  thus  one  of  our  most  popular  poets  describes 
Cleopatra ;  and  one  of  our  most  popular  artists  has  illus- 
trated the  description  by  a  portrait  of  a  hideous  grinning 
.^thiop." 

St.  Th. 

Philadelphia. 

PoEX.  — Will  a  correspondent  favour  me  with 
a  clue  to  the  authorship  of  a  poem  commencing — 
"  Hail !  noble  Muse,  inspired  by  wine, 
James  Scott's  superior  port." 

I  am  informed  it  is  a  parody  on  one  of  the 
''Lake  School."  J.W.J. 

QiN  THE  CoENER  (Z^^  S.  viii.  231.)— Will 
Mr.  Hart  make  some  further  searches  in  the 
Treasury  books  as  to  "  Q  in  the  Corner,"  who 
says  in  the  Miscellaneous  Letters  of  Junius  (Ixxi. 
Ixxiv.  Ixxv)  that  he  "  drew  his  intelligence  from 
first  sources,  and  not  from  the  common  falsities  of 
the  day  "  ? 

Mrs.  Allenby  bought  of  Miss  Bradshaw  for 
600?.  the  place  of  surveyor  of  the  pines  in  America 

for  her  husband.     Captain  P overbid  Mrs. 

Allenby  and  got  it  for  800Z.  The  matter  was  in- 
quired into  at  the  Treasury.  Mrs.  Allenby  inno- 
cently stated  that  Messrs.  Robinson  and  .Jenkiuson 
were  in  Cumberland  at  a  certain  time,  not  know- 
ing that  they  were  then  in  the  room.  Mr.  Dyson 
attempted  to  browbeat  Mrs.  Allenby,  but  a  noble 
lord  had  the  himianity  to  interfere.  INIr.  Brad- 
shaw exonerated  himself  at  the  expense  of  his 
sister. 

Who  was  the  noble  lord  ?  Robinson  was  Trea- 
sury Secretary,  and,  like  Dyson,  was  present  on 
the  occasion  to  which  Mr.  Hart  referred.  Jen- 
kinson  was  secretary  to  the  Earl  of  Bute,     Who 

was  Captain  P ? 

John  WiiKiNS,  B.C.L. 

Cuddington,  Aylesburj'. 

"  Ride  a   Cock-horse."  —  Can  any  one  en- 
lighten me  respecting  the  origin  of — 
"  Eide  a  cock-horse 
To  Banbury  Cross,"  <tc. 

Is  it  a  political  squib,  or  what  ?  R. 

Rouget  de  L'Isle:  Music  of  "Marseillais 
Htmn."  —  This  is  attributed  to  Francois  Joseph 
Gossee,  who  employed  it  with  superb  effect  in  his 
opera,  The  Camp  of  Grandpre.  It  is  really  by 
Rouget  de  Lisle.      Gossee  arranged  the  air  for 


[*  Some  biographical  notices  of  John  Phreas,  or  '. 
will  be  found  in  Warton's  Hist,  of  English  Poetry,  ed. 
1840,  ii.  555-557;  Leland,  Collectanea,  ed.  1770,  iv.  60; 
Eose's  Biographical  Dictionary,  xi.  108;  and  Coxe's  Cat. 
ofMSS.  in  the  Oxford  Colleges,  Balliol,  exxiv.— Ed.] 


band  and  chorus.  He  died  at  Passy,  Feb.  16, 
1829,  in  his  ninety-sixth  year.  Can  any  of  your 
correspondents  give  me  particulars  concerning 
Rouget  de  Lisle  ?  Arthur  Ogilvy. 

Song  in  "  The  Two  Drovers."— Walter  Scott, 
in  his  novel  of  The  Ttvo  Drovers,  introduces  Harry 
Wakefield  as  trolling  forth  the  old  ditty  — 
"  What  tho'  my  name  be  Roger, 
And  I  drive  the  plough  and  cart." 
Can  any  of  your  readers  furnish  me  with  the 
rest  of  the  song?  *  Jonathan  Oldbxtok. 

Shrine  of  St.  Thomas,  Madras.  —  Can  any 
particulars  be  ascertained  regarding  the  mission 
sent  to  this  place  by  Alfred  the  Great,  mentioned 
in  Plegmund's  Saxon  Chronicle,  William  of 
INIalmesbury  and  Lappenberg's  History  of  Eng- 
land ?  Vide  p.  262,  vol.  v.  Gibbon's  Rome,  Bohn. 

Was  it  to  defray  the  expenses  of  this  mission 
that  the  alms  of  the  faithful  were  collected  and 
sent  to  Rome  and  Jerusalem  in  a.d.  889  by 
order  of  Alfred,  and  to  which  he  contributed 
largely  himself?  Vide  Wendover's  Flowers  of 
History,  vol.  i.  p.  226,  Bohn.  Mermaid. 

Sir  Theodore  Talbot. — The  memoirs  of  Mr. 
Ambrose  Barnes,  an  eminent  Newcastle  Dissenter, 
were  dedicated  by  M.  R.,  in  1716,  to  his  honoured 
friend  Sir  Theodore  Talbot.  Talbot  had  an  in- 
valuable esteem  for  Barnes,  and  appears  to  have 
been  a  patron  of  letters. 

"  We  have  seen  the  succession  oifive  princes,  and  h^ve 
lived  to  mourn  the  desolation  of  a  reigning  degeneracy 
through  their  successive  reigns."  "  Being  of  the  stock  of 
the  ancient  Brittons,  you  cultivate  the  native  love  they 
alwayes  had  for  their  dear  country."  "  In  a  remote  re- 
sidence, in  a  pleasant  seat  you  live." 

Who  were  the  two  worthies  ?  The  late  Joseph 
Hunter  could  not  identify  M.  R.  I  hardly  think 
that  he  could  be  a  north-countryman.  He  had 
all  learning  at  his  fingers'  end.  Surely  we  should 
have  had  other  traces  of  him  here,  and  he  does 
not  write  as  if  he  were  familiar  with  Bernician 
mysteries.  He  would,  I  fancy,  be  later  than 
Calamy's  heroes,  although  the  Jive  princes  trans- 
port him  and  Talbot  to  Charles  II.  The  only 
person,  in  Calamy's  book,  bearing  the  initials  is 
Matthew  Randal  of  Higham  Rectory,  Somerset- 
shire, ejected,  of  whom  no  account  is  given.  Any 
information  would  be  very  acceptable. 

W.  H.  D.  LoNGSTAFFE. 
Gateshead. 

Throckmorton  Family.  —  Can  any  of  your 
readers  refer  me  to  any  records  of  the  Devonshire 
branch  of  the  Throckmorton  family,  whether 
printed  or  MS.  ?  Had  they  any  connection  with 
the  village  of  Butterleigh,  near  CoUumpton  ? 

OiONIENSIS. 


[*  This  song  was  inquired  after  ia  "N.  &  Q."  1^'  S.  xi. 
343,  but  elicited  no  reply.] 


3'd  S.  XI.  Jan.  12,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


37 


Tyler  and  Heard  Families.  —  Kequired, 
any  information  respecting  the  Tylers  of  Biid- 
leigli,  Devon,  living  about  1019 ;  and  of  a  Job 
Tj'ler,  who  emigrated  to  America  soon  after  that 
period.  Also  about  Sir  Wm.  Tyler,  who  was 
knighted  by  Henry  VII.  on  his  landing  at  Milford 
Haven.  This  Sir  William  was  Groom  of  the 
Chamber  to  ITenry  VII.  I  am  desirous  of  finding 
his  ancestry.  Also  I  shall  be  glad  of  any  parti- 
culars of  Lady  Catherine  Heard  (who  was  a  Tyler) ; 
her  husband  was  Sir  David  Heard. — B.  A.  H., 
Mr.  Lewis,  Bookseller,  Gower  Street,  Euston 
Square,  N.AV. 

Valexxestes. — Looking  over  some  family  papers 
I  have  come  across  an  old  valentine — old  at  least 
comparatively,  for  it  was  sent,  I  believe,  very 
early  in  the  present  centurj-.  This  circumstance 
has  suggested  to  me  a  few  queries,  which,  if  asked 
in  the  pages  of  "  N.  &  Q.,"  have  never  been  satis- 
factorily answered.  Where  is  the  oldest  known 
valentine  preserved,  and  what  is  its  date  ?  Are 
there  any  old  valentines  among  the  rich  and 
varied  MS.  collections  in  the  British  Museum  ? 
What  is  the  earliest  printed  valentine  ?  What 
is  the  earliest  printed  hooh  of  valentines  ?  Lastly, 
what  is  the  earliest  allusion  to  the  practice  of 
sending  valentines  ? 

I  am  aware  of  the  allusions  to  choosing  valen- 
tines in  Gower,  Lydgate,  and  in  the  Paston  Let- 
ters, &c.  My  queries  refer  to  the  written  or 
printed  valentines  which  are  so  freely  circulated 
in  this  country  on  February  14. 

A  Yalextinian. 

Vandyke's  Portrait  of  Lady  Sussex. — There 
■was  a  picture  painted  by  Vandyke  of  Eleanor 
Wortley,  Countess  of  Susses,  about  1G40.  Where 
could  this  picture  be  found  ?  D,  B. 

Wearing  Foreign  Orders  of  Knighthood 
IK  England.^ — Some  weeks  ago,  apropos  of  King 
Leopold  of  Belgium  having  conferred  an  order 
upon  the  ex-Lord  Mayor  Phillips,  some  discus- 
sion ensued  in  The  Times  and  other  daily  papers, 
touching  the  power  of  a  British  subject  to  accept 
and  wear  similar  decorations.  Now  it  is  well 
knoviTi  that  many  such  have  been  honoured  by 
foreign  monarchs ;  to  mention  only  three— Sir  J. 
Emerson  Tennent,  late  Governor  of  Ceylon  ;  Mr. 
R.  H.  Major,  of  the  British  Museum;  and  Mr. 
Pugin,  the  architect ;  who  have  all  one  or  more 
such  brevets.  Now,  can  any  of  your  legal  cor- 
respondents explain  on  what  judicial  authority 
the  supposition  that  no  Englishman  can  wear  a 
foreign  order  exists  ?  Is  the  rule  to  the  contrary 
merely  based  upon  custom,  or  does  its  infringe- 
ment involve  any  penal  consequences?  Nelson, 
it  is  well  known,  bore  several  continental  decora- 
tions not  authorised  at  home,  but  he  laughed  at 
the  idea  of   appearing   at  Court  without  them. 


Would  a  lesser  man  fail  to  obtain  the  immunity 
which  the  rashness  of  our  naval  hero  gained  ? 
This  seems  a  question  well  suited  for  discussion 
and  settlement  in  your  valuable  serial,  and  I  hope 
all  the  cocjnoscenti  on  your  staff  will  combine  to 
ventilate  it.  Pugtjs  Plgstiles. 

Royal  Thames  Yacht  Club. 

Passage  in  "Hamlet":  Wyeth  the  Com- 
mentator, —  Early  in  1865  (^■'^  S.  vii.  52)  I 
forwarded  to  "  N.  &  Q."  what  I  believed  to  be 
an  original  emendation  of  a  passage  in  Shakspeare. 
It  was  a  very  small  affair — merely  the  correction 
of  a  single  word.  I  had  taken  pains  to  ascertain 
whether  my  remark  had  been  anticipated,  and  as 
no  commentator  came  forth  to  crush  me,  I  flat- 
tered myself  that  I  had  really  made  an  original 
suggestion.  Shortly  afterwards  the  Cambridge 
edition  of  Hamlet  appeared,  and  a  foot-note  on 
the  passage — "he  is  fat  and  scant  of  breath,"  in- 
formed me  that  the  substitution  of  the  word/am^ 
had  already  been  proposed  by  "  Wyeth."  I  could 
only  solace  myself  with  the  old  quotation — 
"  Pereaut  qui  ante  nos  nostra  dixerunt."  I  wrote  to 
Mr.  Clark,  the  coeditor  of  the  Cambridge  Shaksjieare, 
to  inquire  who  "  Wyeth  "  was ;  but  Mr.  Clark 
could  not  tell  me  where  his  remark  was  to  be  met 
with.  Can  any  reader  of  "  N.  &  Q."  say  who 
"  Wyeth  "  is,  or  was,  and  where  his  emendation  is 
to  be  found  ?  J,  Dixon, 


Queries?  bjitl)  ^n^fatvi,  . 

A  Scottish   "Index  ExpuRGATORiirs."  —  In. 
looking  over  an  abridgement  of  Scottish  Acts  of 
Parliame?it  compiled  by  Sir  James  Stewart,  Lord 
Advocate  of  Scotland  in  1702, 1  find  the  following 
under  the  head  "  Buchanan  ":  — 

"  That  Buchanan's  Clironicles,  and  De  Jure  Regni  aptid 
Scotos,  be  brought  in  by  the  Havers,  to  the  Secretary 
within  20  daj^es  after  the  publication  of  this  Act,  under 
the  pain  of  200  Pounds,  to  the  effect  they  may  be  purged 
of  certain  offensive  and  extraordinary  matters  therein 
contained. — Jacobus  VI.,  Pari,  8,  cap,  134," 

Can  any  of  your  readers  inform  me  if  this  bar- 
barous edict  for  mutilating  George  Buchanan's 
best  works  was  carried  into  effect?  I  can  find 
no  record  of  it  in  any  contemporary  history. 
Perhaps  Mr,  Robert  Chambers,  author  of  the 
Domestic  Annals  of  Scotland,  may  be  able  to  give 
some  information  on  the  subject. 

In  a  following  Parliament  (Jac.  VL  Pari,  11, 
cap.  25)  an  Act  was  passed  to  the  effect,  that  — 

"  Magistrates  of  Burghs,  with  a  Minister,  may  search  for 
and  destroy  Erroneous  Books,  and  put  the  Honie-bringers 
in  Ward,  until  they  be  punished  in  person  and  goods  at 
the  King's  Will." 

There  is  no  record  in  any  diary  or  journal  of 
the  time,  of  "Erroneous  Books"  having  been 
searched  for  and  destroyed.  If  the  Act  was  car- 
ried into  effect,  the  only  documents  which  would 


38 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


L3'd  S.  XI.  Jax.  12,  '67, 


give   an   account   of  its  working  would  be  tlie 
records  of  Kirk  Sessions.  James  Macnab. 

8,  Mackenzie  Place,  Edinburgh. 

[The  first  Act  to  which  our  correspondent  refers  is 
that  passed  in  1584,  which  in  the  Act.  Pari.  Scot,  is 
marked  as  chap.  viii.  It  is  entitled,  "  Ane  Act  for  the 
punisment  of  the  authoris  of  the  slanderous  and  untrew 
calumneis  spoken  aganis  the  Kings  Majestic,  his  coun- 
sell  and  proceedings,  or  to  the  dishonour  and  prejudice  of 
his  heines,  his  parentis,  and  progenitouris,  croun,  and 
estate."  After  other  provisions,  it  contains  the  follow- 
ing : — "  Attour,  becaus  it  is  understand  unto  his  hienes, 
and  to  his  thrie  estatis,  that  the  buikis  of  the  Cronicles  and 
De  jure  regni  apud  Scotns,  maid  be  umquhill  M'  George 
Buchannan,  and  imprentit  sensyne,  contenis  sj^ndrie  offen- 
sive materis  worthie  to  be  delete.  It  is  therefore  statute 
and  ordanit  that  the  havaris  of  the  saidis  tua  volumis  in 
thair  handis  inbring  and  deliver  the  same  to  mj^  Lord 
Secretare  or  his  deputis  within  fourtie  daj's  efter  the 
publication  hereof,  to  the  effect  that  the  saidis  tua  volumis 
may  be  perusit  and  purgit  of  the  offensive  and  extraor- 
dinare  materis  specifiit  thairin  not  meit  to  remane  as 
accordis  of  the  treuth  to  posteritie,  under  the  pane  of  twa 
hundreth  pounds  of  everie  person  failleing  herein." 

That  the  prior  pi'ovisions  of  the  statute  were  put  in 
force  we  know  from  Archbishop  Spottiswode,  who  in- 
forms us  that,  in  consequence  of  this  statute,  Mr.  David 
Lindesaj'  was  sent  to  Blackness,  and  Mr.  James  Lawson 
and  Mr.  Walter  Balanquel  of  Edinburgh  fled  the  country, 
and  Mr.  John  Drury  was  removed  in  the  town  of  Mon- 
trose, so  that  Edinburgh  was  left  without  any  preacher. 
We  doubt,  however,  whether  the  portion  of  the  Act  which 
relates  to  the  deletion  of  the  offensive  portion  of  Bucha- 
nan's works  was  ever  enforced.  There  are  in  the  Library 
of  the  British  Museum  seven  copies  of  the  two  works, 
either  conjoined  or  separate,  published  before  the  date  of 
the  Act,  and  none  of  them  show  any  deletions. 

On  one  of  the  copies  of  the  De  jure  Regni  there  is  the 
following  MS.  note :—"  Edinburgh,  lO"- April,  1666.  A 
proclamation  was  issued  here  for  calling  in  and  sup- 
pressing ane  old  seditious  pamphlet,  entitled  De  jure 
Regni  apud  Scotos,  whereof  M"^  George  Buchanan  was 
the  author,  which  was  condemned  by  Act  of  Parliament, 
1584.  Writte  in  Latin,  and  is  now  translated  into 
English.  See  Wodrow,  i.  218." — This  is  \e.ry  inaccurate : 
the  proclamation  referred  to  was  one  of  April  29,  1664, 
which  Wodrow  (i.  416)  gives  in  cxtenso,  and  then  adds  : 
"  This  proclamation  is  very  singular.  For  any  thing  that 
appears,  this  translation  of  that  well-known  piece  of 
the  celebrated  Buchanan  was  not  printed,  but  only,  it 
seems,  handed  about  in  manuscript ;  ivhile,  in  the  mean 
time,  thousands  of  copies  of  it  in  the  Latin  original  ivere  in 
every  bodies  hands." 

The  other  Act  referred  to  is  chap,  iv.,  1587  :  "  Aganis 
sellars  and  dispersaris  of  papistical  and  erroneous  books," 
whereby  the  Provost  and  Baillies,  with  ane  minister,  are 
empowered  to  search  for  and  destroy  them.  It  is  evident 
that  the  minister  was  merely  ttfe  theological  assessor  of 
the  magistrates;   and  therefore  any  proceedings  under 


this  Act  would  be  registered,  if  they  were  so  at  all,  not 
in  the  Session  but  the  Burgh  Records.] 

James  Gillkat,  Cakicattjrist. — I  can  well 
remember  wben  tlie  daily  lounger  at  tbe  eastern 
sides  of  Bond  Street  and  St.  James's  Street,  upon 
approaching  Humphrey's  shop  in  the  latter,  had 
to  quit  the  pavement  for  the  carriage-way,  so 
great  was  the  crowd  which  obstructed  the  foot- 
path to  gaze  at  Gillray's  caricatures.  This  unri- 
valled artist  had  so  happy  a  talent,  that  he  de- 
lineated every  feature  of  the  human  face,  and 
seemed  also  to  have  imbibed  every  feeling  and 
every  attitude  that  actuated  the  person  repre- 
sented. I  am  desirous  to  know,  as  his  worlcs  em- 
braced all  sizes  and  were  very  numerous,  whether 
they  have  ever  been  published  in  a  serial  state  for 
reference. 

During  his  stay  at  Richmond,  in  Surrey,  he 
represented  two  of  its  celebrities.  The  first  was 
Mr.  William  Penn  (one  of  the  remaining  de- 
scendants of  the  great  William  Penn),  then  of  St. 
John's  College,  Cambridge,  who  was  one  of  the 
brightest  meteors  of  his  day.  (Vide  the  Gentle- 
man's Magazine  for  November,  1845,  p.  535.) 
Mr.  William  Penn  is  designated  by  Gillray  as  "  a 
man  of  penetration."  Mr.  Richard  Penn,  the  last 
of  the  family  of  the  renowned  Quaker,  and  brother 
of  the  foregoing,  died  in  April,  1863,  at  this  place. 
(See  the  Gentleman's  Magazine  for  June,  1863, 
p.  800,  where  are  some  interesting  particulars  of 
this  family.) 

The  other  individual  is  styled  by  Gillray,  "  a 
Master  of  the  Ceremonies  at  Richmond."  This 
gentleman  was  a  lieutenant,  of  the  Richmond 
Volunteers  about  the  close  of  the  last  century. 
He  was  Master  of  the  Ceremonies  of  the  distin- 
guished balls  held  at  the  '•'  Castle  "  at  Richmond. 
The  figure,  manner,  address,  and  gestures  of  Mr, 
Charles  Yart  (for  that  was  his  name)  were  what 
might  be  termed  Frencliijied,  and  were  admirably 
portrayed  by  Gillray.  *. 

Eichmond,  Surrej'. 

[Mr.  H.  G.  Bohn  has  published  upwards  of  six  hundred 
of  Gillray's  finest  caricatures  in  a  handsome  folio  volume ; 
and  corresponding  with  it  a  volume  of  suppressed  works. 
Both  are  from  the  original  plates.  To  these  Mi-.  Bohn 
has  added  an  8vo  volume  containing  historical  and  de- 
scriptive accounts  of  the  plates,  compiled  by  Mr.  R.  H. 
Evans  and  Mr.  Thomas  Wright,  and  with  additions  by 
Mr.  Bohn  himself.  ] 

"Racovian  Catechism." — What  is  the  deri- 
vation or  meaning  of  the  "Racovian  Catechiem" 
alluded  to  in  the  Saturday  Reviexv  of  December  8, 
1866,  under  the  art.  of  "  Established  Churches  "  ? 
A  Subscriber. 

Guernsey. 

[This  Catechism  is  considered  the  great  standard  of 
Socinianism,  and  an  accurate  summary  of  the  doctrine 
of  that  sect.     It  was  first  published  at  Racow  (hence  the 


3'd  S.  XI.  Jan.  12,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


39 


name)  in  Poland.  There  are  properly  two  Racovian 
Catechisms,  a  larger  and  a  smaller.  The  writer  of  the 
smaller  was  Valentine  Smalcius,  wlio  drew  it  up  in  Ger- 
man, and  first  published  it  in  1605.  The  larger  was 
likewise  published  in  German,  by  the  same  Smalcius,  in 
1608  ;  but  Hieron  Mascorovius  translated  it  into  Latin 
in  ItiOO.  Afterwards  John  Crell  and  Jo.  Schlichting  re- 
vised and  amended  it ;  and  after  their  death,  Andr.  Wis- 
sowatius  and  Stegmann  the  younger  published  it  in  1665. 
In  the  year  1684  there  was  an  edition  in  8vo  still  more 
complete,  as  it  contained  the  notes  of  Martin  Ruarus, 
Benedict  Wissowatius  the  younger,  and  of  one  not 
named.  In  1818  an  English  translation  was  published, 
entitled  "  The  Racovian  Catechism,  with  Notes  and  Illus- 
trations, translated  from  the  Latin,  to  which  is  prefixed  a 
Sketch  of  the  History  of  Unitarianism  in  Poland  and  the 
adjacent  countries.  Bj-  Thomas  Rees,  F.S.A."  This 
Catechism,  or  a  translation  of  it,  was  committed  to  the 
flames  in  England  by  order  of  the  Parliament  in  the  year 
1652.  ConsuliMoshtiva's  Ecclesiastical  History,  ed.  1845, 
iii.  571-576.] 

Junius  :  the  Fkaijcis  Papers. — In  tlie  spring 
of  18G2  an  intimate  friend  of  Mr.  Jolin  Taylor, 
the  author  of  Junius  Identijied,  informed  me  to 
the  effect  that  that  gentleman  was  preparing  for 
the  press  some  papers  of  Sir  Philip  Francis  which 
would  be  conclusive  as  to  the  cmthoi-ship  of  the 
celebrated  letters  ;  and  a  letter,  dated  from  Lon- 
don, May  12  in  the  same  year,  from  Mr.  Thur- 
low  Weed  to  the  Albany  (TJ.  S.)  Evening  Journal 
stated,  that  "before  the  present  year  expires,  all 
doubt  or  question  as  to  the  authorship  of  the 
Junius  Lettei-s  will  be  removed."  Since  then 
both  Mr.  Taylor  and  his  friend  have  died ;  and, 
although  the  subject  is  still  of  much  interest,  I 
have  neither  heard  nor  seen  anything  further  rela- 
tive to  either  Mr.  Taylor's  Francis  papers,  or  the 
evidence  (which,  perhaps,  may  be  the  same)  to 
which  Mr.  Weed  alluded.  Perhaps  the  editor  or 
some  reader  of  "  N.  «&  Q."  will  be  kind  enough 
to  say  in  what  position  the  matter  now  stands. 

Eric. 
ViUe  Marie,  Canada. 

[The  late  Mr.  Joseph  Parkes,  who  had  purcliased  The 
Francis  Papers,  and  also  the  original  Letters  of  Junius 
addressed  to  Woodfall,  had  been  for  some  years  preparing 
for  publication  a  Life  of  Sir  Philip  Francis,  and  in  which, 
in  his  opinion,  would  be  found  conclusive  evidence  of  the 
identity  of  Francis  and  Junius.  The  work  was,  however, 
far  from  complete  at  the  time  of  Jlr.  Parkes's  death ;  and 
although  we  believe  the  whole  of  the  papers  have  since 
been  submitted  to  the  examination  of  one  eminenth^  quali- 
fied to  do  justice  to  them,  we  are  not  aware  that  there  is 
any  prospect  of  their  being  published  just  at  present.] 

Sasines  :  Eegister  or  Sasines  kept  at  Glas- 
gow {?j"^  S.  X.  453.)— 1.  What  is  the  derivation 
of  the  word  Sasines?  2.  Sasana,  in  the  south  of 
India,  means  a  grant  of  land  engraved  on  copper. 


Can  a  common  origin  for  both  words  be  found  in 
the  Celtic  ?  Mermaid. 

["  To  ease,  v.  a.  to  seize,  to  lay  hold  of. 
'  Ane  halj'  iland  Ij-is,  that  halt  Delos, 
Quham  the  cheritabill  archere  Appollo, 
Quhen  it  fletit  rollyng  from  coistis  to  and  fro, 
Sasit  and  band  betuix  vther  ilis  tua.' 

Douglas,  Virgil,  69,  44, 
"  Fr.  Sais  -ir,  comprehendere,  whence  sasire  and  sasina, 
forensic  terms." — Jamieson's  Dictionary. 

"  Seisin,  which  imports  the  taking  of  possession ;  for 
seisin  and  seizure  are  from  the  same  original,  signifying 
laying  hold  of,  or  taking  possession,  and  disseising  is  dis- 
possession."— Lord  Stair's  Institutes  of  the  Laic  of  Scot- 
land, B.  II.  tit.  iii.  §  16. 

The  variation  in  the  word  is  well  exemplified  hj  a 
Breve  of  1261,  and  the  Retour  appended  to  it  published 
in  the  first  volumes  of  the  Acta  Pari.  Scot.,  p.  90.  In  the 
first  of  these  documents  it  appears  as  Seisitus,  in  the 
second  as  saysitus. 

"  Bj'  the  antient  law  of  feuds,  immediateh-  upon  the 
death  of  a  vassal,  the  superior  was  entitled  to  enter  and 
take  seisin  or  possession  of  the  land." — Blackstone,  B.  ir. 
chap.  V.  §3,] 


sacpitc^. 

GIBBON'S  LIBRARY. 
(S'-i  S.  ix.  295,  363,  422.) 
Some  questions  having  been  asked,  and  an 
interest  created,  as  to  the  fate  of  Gibbon's  library 
at  Lausanne,  the  following  information  respecting 
it — received  in  reply  to  my  inquiries  from  a  friend 
— may  throw  great  light  on  its  history,  and  prove 
satisfactory  to  your  curious  readers.         H.  P,  S. 

Sheen  Mount,  East  Sheen. 

JOURJTAl. 

"  Lausanne,  July  24,  1820. 

"  Called  upon  Dr.  Scholl,  in  order  that  W.  might 
see  the  library.  Scholl  was  for  ten  years  Gibbon's 
plivsician.  and' bought  the  library  for  Bec'kford  for  1000/. 
L^'Shefiield  wanted  1500Z.  for  it,  but  finally  closed  with 
Beckford,  who  would  not  advance.  This  was  iu  1796, 
and  Beckford  has  never  seen  it  I  leaving  it  in  Scholl's 
care.  There  it  lies,  with  the  Doctor — a  very  civil  man. 
He  says  the  operation  killed  Gibbon.  He  would  have 
lived  longer  had  they  left  him  alone.  They  had  many  a 
consultation  about  performing  it  here  (Lausanne)  ;  but 
with  a  person  of  Gibbon's  scrofulous  tendency,  operations 
should  not  be  performed. 

"  After  dinner  Dr.  Scholl,  to  show  us  the  library.  It 
consists  of  from  8000  to  9000  volumes.  Beckford  carried 
away  four  or  five-and-twentj'^  only,  and  one  has  been  given 
away  by  Dr.  Scholl  himself — these  are  all  that  are  wanting. 
A  Mr.  Brown  applied  thro'  the  Doctor  to  Beckford,  offer- 
ing 2000?.  The  answer  was  :  '  Je  ne  suis  pas  marchand 
de  livres.'  Webster  made  a  catalogue  of  it.  I  saw  but 
one  book  with  the  historian's  autograph  name  in  it.  In 
an  Oratus  I  observed  some  marginal  notes.  He  accents 
his  Greek. 

"  Scholl  was  Beckford's  physician,  as  well  as  Gibbon's, 
I  heard  from  him  several  anecdotes  of  both  of  these  cele- 


40 


NOTES  AND  QUEEIES. 


[Srd  S.  XI.  JAX.  12,  '67. 


brities.   His  sou  was  minister  of  the  Swiss  church  in  Lon 
don,  and  may  be  now  for  aught  I  know  to  the  contrary." 

Letters  to  C.  E.  L. 

"  Lausanne,  May,  1831. 
«  Gibbon's  library  is  now  on  sale  here,  and  might  be 
had  probably  for  800Z.  or  less.  It  would  seU  well  by 
auction  in  England.  SchoU  means  to  sell  it  piecemeal, 
and  I  am  going  this  very  day  to  select  something  ;  but 
nothing  as  yet  is  sold,  or  knoivn  generally  to  be  on  sale." 
"  The  fact  is,  Beckford  was  bored  by  this  library,  of 
which  he  made  no  use,  in  fact  never  saw ;  and  so  ulti- 
mately gave  it  to  Scholl,  who  had  kept  it  for  him  twenty- 
five  years— perhaps  as  a  reward  for  house-room,  and 
warehousing  it  for  him." 

Letter  to  C.  E.  L. 

"  Lausanne,  June  8, 1831. 

«  yj is  mistaken  about  the  Bibliotheque  Gibboni- 

enne.     It  contains  some  very  valuable  books.    I  was  with 
him  when  he  saw  it  in  1820  ;  and  from  its  then  confused 
state,  he  must  have  had  but  a  confused  idea  of  it.    Old 
SchoU   is   selling  it  very  cheap.    As  yet     *     *     *     * 
and  I  have  been  the  only  purchasers :  for  the  *  catalogue 
taxee '  is  not  as  yet  out.     My  object  was  to  get  a  book 
with  Gibbon's  writing  in  it.    This  was  extremely  difficult, 
for  Gibbon  treated  his  books  with  the  greatest  reverence. 
I  have  looked  over  thousands  of  volumes,  for  *    *    *    «, 
and  I  have  been  three  days  in  the  library  and  have  found 
three  only  which  contained  his  autograph,  or  rather  his 
writing :  of  these  I  have  secured  two  for  myself— a  little 
Tonson's  Cmsar,  which  has  '  Edward  Gibbon,  of  Magdalen 
College,  Oxford,  April  9, 1753,'  and  his  arms  ;  and  Necker 
sur  les  Finances,  3  vols,  handsomely  bound,  which  has,  in 
Gibbon's  writing,  « a  M.  Gibbon  de  la  part  de  I'auteur.' 
The  third  that  I  found  was  a  note  in  Hayley's  poems,  on  an 
historical  point  about  Don  Hertado  de  Mendoza,  peifectly 
Gibbonian  in  its  sneer  and  inuendos.    This  I  resigned  to 
the  Dean's  son,  who  is  paying  a  visit.     He  is  a  senior 
Fellow  of  Trinity,  Librarian  of  Armagh,  &c.-  -a  very  well 
informed,  agreeable  man.    The  books  I  have  bought,  be- 
sides the  two  above-mentioned,  are  Guischard's  Mcmoires 
Militaires,  6  vols. ;  Vie  de  Mahomed;  Vie  de  Julien  ;  De- 
fense du  Paganisme  par  Julien ;  two  books  on  the  Geo- 
graphy and  Antiquities  of  Homer ;  and  L*  Herbert's  Life 
(Strawberry  Hill).    For  all  these,  16  francs  (Swiss)  onh- 
were  asked  :  seventeen  and  a  fraction  make  a  pound  ster- 
ling.    *     *     «     »    besides  others,  has  bought  Walpole's 
Anecdotes  of  Paintiiig,  5  vols,  small  4to,  blue  morocco, 
gilt  edges,  Strawberry  Hill  press,  for  40  Swiss,  equal  to 
about  60  French  francs." 

"  Almost  immediately  after  the  selection,  I  was  obliged 
to  replace  the  books  in  the  librarj*.     Scholl  appealed  ad 
misericordiam !    An  Englishman  at  Orbe  had  offered  to 
buy  half  the  library — he   cared  not  which  half!     So, 
eventually,  I  got  most  of  my  books  back  again.    I  forget 
what  he  gave  Scholl  for  his  moiety." 

"  The  books  I  bought  of  Dr.  Scholl,  out  of  Gibbon's 
librarj^,  are  twelve  in  number,  and  I  have  them  now :  — 
"  Guischard,  Jlemoires  Militaires     ...      6 
Vie  de  Julien  .        .        .        .        .        .1 

Tie  de  Mahomed    ,        .        .        .        .        .1 

Julian,  Defense  du  Paganisme       ...       1 

Geographia  Homerica 1 

Augustiniarum  familia;  Komana?  ...      1 
CaBsar 1 

12 
"  I  bought  Guischard  because  it  suited  my  Cesarean 
tastes,  but  principally  because  I  knew  it  had  been  well 


thumbed  by  Gibbon.  He  tells  us,  in  his  Memoirs,  that  he 
studied  him  while  serving  in  the  Hants  Militia ;  and  in  his 
account  of  Jovian's  retreat,  he  speaks  of  it  as  the  '  noblest 
monument  ever  raised  to  the  fame  of  Caesar.' 

*•'  The  Julian  and  Mahomed  lives,  &c.  had,  no  doubt, 
been  well  worked  by  G. ;  and  the  little  Ccesar  had  his 
autographical  name  and  date. 

"  I  forgot  a  thirteenth,  L^  Herbert's  Life,  printed  at 
Strawberry  Hill,  by  Horry  Walpole.     I  have  it  now. 

H.  L.  L." 


PSALM  AND  HYMX  TUJSTES. 

(3"»  S.  X.  373.) 

The  only  reply  that  can  "be  given  to  J.  F.  S.'s 
query  as  to  "  the  reason  of  the  names  by  which 
some  of  the  common  old  psalm  and  hymn  tunes 
are  hnown  "  is,  that  probably  no  one  but  the  com- 
poser or  the  person  giving  the  name  can  with  cer- 
tainty assign  such  reason.  It  is  clear  that  there 
is  no  fixed  rule  on  the  subject,  and  I  may  say 
that  there  is  an  utter  absence  of  rule.  The  tune 
"  Cranbrook  "  referred  to  by  J.  F.  S.  is  published 
in  The  Union  Tune-Book  issued  by  the  Sunday 
School  Union,  and  edited  by  Thomas  Clark  of 
Canterbury,  who  was,  I  believe,  an  amateur  mu- 
sician of  considerable  local  repute  amongst  the 
Dissenting  community.  This  tune-book  abounds 
in  tunes  having  senseless  repeats,  and  passages 
of  the  florid  and  unmeaning  character  that  are 
rapidly  becoming  obsolete.  I  am  not  an  admirer 
of  its  general  contents,  but  the  book  will  serve  to 
amplify  my  reply  to  J.  F.  S.'s  question.  Thomas 
Clark,  the  editor  of  the  volimie,  was  the  composer 
of  "Cranbrook,"  and  of  thirty-five  other  tunes 
inserted  therein,  and  all  bearing  his  name.  Tak- 
ing the  names  of  these  tunes  as  illustrations,  I  find 
that  fifteen  of  them  are  called  after  towns  and 
localities  in  Kent  (principally  near  Canterbury), 
such  as  Margate,  Twyford,  Axbridge,  Bessels- 
Green,  Queenborough,  and  so  on;  eleven  more 
bear  the  names  of  other  towns  in  England  and  of 
countries  abroad ;  and  the  remainder  have  what 
may  be  called  fanciful  or  sentimental  names,  such  as 
"  Serenity,"  "Association,"  and  the  like,  the  whole 
forming  a  rather  curious  medley.  It  is  very  easy 
to  suggest  why  some  of  the  fifteen  tunes  bear  the 
names  they  have.  For  instance,  "Cranbrook" 
may  have  been  composed  at  that  place ;  "  Burn- 
ham  "  first  sung  there;  "Wrotham"  presented 
to  the  choir  there ;  and  "  Queenborough "  com- 
posed for  a  particular  service  in  the  chapel  there. 
These  of  course  are  mere  surmises.  For  the  eleven 
names  the  composer  perhaps  adopted  a  "  happy- 
go-lucky  "  mode  of  selection,  seeing  that  they 
range  from  Calcutta  to  Flint,  and  from  Ceylon  to 
Orford  (Suffolk).  The  fanciful  or  sentimental 
names  were  probably  suggested  by  the  hymns  to 
which  the  tunes  were  composed.  "Serenity" 
may  be  quoted  as  an  example,  being  set  in  the 
time-book  to  the  words  — 


S'd  S,  XI.  Jas.  12,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


41 


"  How  blest  the  hour  and  soft  the  scene, 
When  heav'nly  light  with  glow  serene, 
Shedding  around  its  hoty  rays, 
Awakes  the  coldest  heart  to  praise !  " 
And  another  illustration  of  this  point  is  shown  in 
the  tune  "  Divine  Love,"  set  to  the  hymn  com- 
mencing— 

^'  Love  divine,  all  love  excelling." 
The  Union  Tune-Booh  -was  published  about  twenty 
years  ago  (or  rather  my  copy  of  it),  and  inasmuch 
as  it  contains  nearly  four  hundred  compositions, 
it  may  be  taken  as  fairly  elucidating  the  question 
of  J.  F.  S.  But  I  believe  that  if  older  tune- 
books  are  referred  to  (such  as  Eavenscroft's  or 
Day's  Psalters,  not  to  name  others)  it  will  be 
found  that  the  tunes  bear  no  names,  but  are  dis- 
tinguished by  the  numbers  of  the  psalms  to  which 
they  are  put.  Many  tunes  are  still  known  by 
this  method.  (See  the  Old  Hundredth  Psalm,  the 
Old  Forty-first  Psalm,  and  many  others.)  Then 
there  is  the  "  Ten  Commandments  Tune,"  and  the 
like.  Considering  the  whole  question,  I  venture 
to  assert  (although  not  in  a  position  absolutely  to 
prove  the  theory)  that  the  naming  of  psalm  and 
hymn  tunes  came  into  use  and  was  in  fact  neces- 
sitated as  psalm  and  hymn-books  multiplied,  and 
tunes  in  like  measure  increased. 

There  is  a  point  connected  with  the  subject  that 
I  should  like  to  mention.  I  have  just  examined 
seven  different  tune-books  containing  the  tune 
"  Divine  Love,"  which  is  a  Gregorian  melody,  and 
find  it  imder  the  various  names  of  St.  Mildred, 
St.  John,  Daventry,  and  Florence.  It  is  more 
than  likely  that  by  extending  my  search  I  should 
find  it  under  as  many  more  names.  This  dupli- 
cate naming  of  tunes  is  little  short  of  a  fraud  upon 
the  public,  because  a  person  buying  a  book  with  a 
number  of  tunes  thus  renamed  is  deceived,  and 
instead  of  having  a  book  full  of  new  music,  has  a 
book  of  old  tunes  under  fresh  names.  This  is  an 
evil  that  leads  to  endless  confusion,  and  should  be 
at  once  remedied.  Compilers  who  wish  to  remedy 
it  can  easily  discover  the  means  of  doing  so. 

SijaLEKSEX  J.  Hyam. 


Psalm-tunes  were  originally  called  by  names  or 
titles  about  1620  to  distinguish  them  from  the 
old  set  fii-st  used,  when  the  tune  necessarily  be- 
longed to  the  words,  as  the  Hundredth  Psalm,  the 
only  one  of  that  set  remaining  in  common  use. 
These  names  were  supposed  to  designate  the  origin 
of  the  tune,  or  the  locale  of  the  author,  "  St. 
Davids  "  being  considered  a  Welsh  time,  "York  " 
a  northern  tune  ;  "  St.  James,"  composed  by  Cour- 
teville,  a  gentleman  of  the  Chapel  Eoyal;  and  in 
later  times  "  Wareham,"  composed  by  the  parish 
clerk  of  that  place. 

This  rule  has  of  late  j-ears  been  much  disre- 
garded— titles  conferred  indiscriminately ;  so  that 
it  is  very  possible  the  tune  called  ''  Cranbrook  " 
may  have  nothing  to  do  with  Kent.  T.  J.  B. 


PEE-DEATH  MONUMENTS, 
(3'''  S.  V.  255.) 

The  village  of  Aldermaston  lies  on  the  southern 
borders  of  the  county  of  Berkshire,  adjoining 
Hampshire,  and  not  far  from  the  famous  Roman 
town  at  Silchester  in  the  latter  county.  The 
church  of  Aldermaston  stands  within  the  park  of 
the  estate,  and  close  to  the  spot  where  formerly 
stood  the  fine  old  hall,  burnt  down  about  twenty- 
five  years  since.  Inside  this  church  is  the  ala- 
baster altar-tomb  of  Sir  George  Forster,  Knt, 
and  his  wife,  which  he  himself  caused  to  be  erected ; 
whereon  are  the  figures  of  a  knight  in  armour, 
and  his  lady  lying  by  him  in  the  dress  of  the 
times ;  and  on  the  sides  of  the  monument  are  the 
figures  of  eleven  sons  standing  in  armour,  and 
eight  daughters.  This  Sir  George  Forster  ac- 
quired the  estate  of  Aldermaston  by  marriage 
with  Elizabeth,  granddaughter  of  Sir  Thomas 
Delamere,  Ivnt.  The  ancestor  of  Sir  George  was 
a  5'ounger  son  of  the  Forsters  of  Northumber- 
land. Humphrey  Forster,  sheriff"  of  Berkshire  in 
Edward  IV.'s  reign,  is  considered  by  Fuller  one 
of  the  worthies  of  that  shire.  Weaver,  in  his 
Funeral  Ilomanents,  states  he  was  buried  in  the 
chm-ch  of  St.  Martin's-in-the-Fields,  London, 
having  the  following  epitaph :  — 

"  Of  your  charity  pray  for  the  soul  of  Sir  Humphrey 
Forster,  Knt.,  whose  body  lies  buried  here  in  earth 
under  this  marble  stone  :  which  deceased  the  18">  of  Sep- 
tember, 1500.     On  whose  soul  Jesu  have  mercy." 

In  Henry  YIII.'s  reign,  another  Sir  Humphrey 
Forster,  Knt.,  was  sheritf  of  Berkshire  and  Oxford- 
shire.    Fuller  says  of  him  :  — 

"  He  bare  a  good  afFection  to  Protestants,  even  in  the 
most  dangerous  times.  Yea,  he  confessed  to  King  Henry 
the  Eighth  that  never  anything  went  so  much  against 
his  conscience,  which  under  his  Grace's  authority  he  had 
done,  as  his  attending  the  execution  of  three  poor  men 
martyred  at  Windsor." 

Anthony  Forster,  Esq.,  the  Tony  Foster  of 
Scott's  novel  of  KenilwoHh,  according  to  Ashmole 
belonged  to  the  same  family.  He  represented 
Abingdon  in  the  Parliaments  of  1571-72.  After 
the  dissolution  of  the  monastery  of  Abingdon,  he 
was  the  first  grantee  of  the  estate  of  Cumnor 
Place,  which  was  one  of  the  coimtry  seats  of  the 
abbots.  He  bequeathed  this  property  in  1672  to 
Robert,  Earl  of  Leicester.  Ashmole,  who  gives  a 
narrative  of  the  circumstances  connected  with  the 
murder  of  Amy  Robsart  at  Cumnor,  in  his  History 
of  Berkshire,  observes  :  — 

"  Forster  likewise,  after  this  fact,  being  a  man  formerly 
addicted  to  hospitality,  company,  mirth,  and  music,  was 
afterwards  observed  to  forsake  all  this  with  much  melan- 
choly and  pensiveness  (some  say  with  madness),  pined 
and  drooped  away." 

A  difference  of  opinion  has  existed  on  the  cha- 
racter of  Anthony  Forster.  Scott  and  Ashmole 
are  among  his  detractors.     The  inscription  on  his 


42 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[S'-d  S.  XI.  Jas.  12,  '67. 


monument  at  Ciminor  highly  extols  his  virtues. 
In  1859  was  published  — 

"  An  Inquiry  into  the  Particulars  connected  with  the 
Death  of  Amy  Kobsart  (Lady  Dudley)  at  Cumnor  Place, 
Berks,  September  8th,  1560 ;  being  a  Eefutation  of  the 
Calumnies  charged  a^'ainst  Sir  Robert  Dudley,  Anthony 
Forster,  and  others.     By  J.  T.  Pettigrew.     8vo." 

In  1711,  Sir  Humphrey  Forster,  Bart.,  died 
■without  issue ;  when  Aldermaston  descended  to 
Charlotte,  daughter  of  Lady  Stawell,  his  sister, 
and  William,  third  Lord  Stawell.  This  Charlotte 
was  married  to  Ralph  Congreve,  Esq.,  son  of 
Colonel  Ralph  Congreve,  Governor  of  Gibraltar 
in  1716.  Lord  Stawell  resided  almost  constantly 
at  Aldermaston.  His  insatiable  love  of  play  gave 
rise  to  the  local  proverb :  "  When  clubs  are 
trumps,  Aldermaston  House  shakes."  H.  C, 


GLASGOW. 
(3"i  S.  X.  330,  361,  397,  457.) 

C.  F.  D.  will  excuse  me  pointing  out  that  I 
never  stated  that  Norman-French  was  spoken  by 
the  Britons  of  Strathclyde.  I  referred  to  the 
later  period,  at  which  the  name  Lesmah^?<  was 
introduced,  as  a  corruption  of  Le  S.  Machutus. 
For  the  fact  that  Anglo-Saxon  and  Norman- 
French  are  the  root  of  the  names  of  churches  and 
parishes  in  the  Lowlands,  I  should  wish  no 
better  authority  than  the  Origines  Pai-ochiales  :  — 

"  But  more  important  still,  a  ne-\v  people  was  rapidly 
and  steadily  pouring  over  Scotland,  apparenth^  with  the 
approbation  of  its  rulers,  and  displacing  or  predominating 
over  the  native  or  old  inhabitants.  The  marriage  of 
Malcolm  Canmoir  with  the  Saxon  Princess  Margaret  has 
been  commonly  stated  as  the  cause  of  that  immigration 
of  Southerns.  But  it  had  begun  earlier,  and  many  con- 
curring causes  determined  a"t  that  time  the  stream  of 
English  colonization  towards  the  Lowlands  of  Scotland. 
The  character  of  the  movement  was  peculiar.  It  was 
not  the  bursting  forth  of  an  over-crowded  population 
seeking  wider  room.  The  new  colonists  were  what  we 
should  call  '  of  the  upper  classes '  of  Anglican  families 
long  settled  in  Northumbria,  and  Normans  of  the  highest 
blood  and  names.  They  were  men  of  the  sword,  above  all 
servile  and  mechanical  employment.  They  were  fit  for 
the  society  of  a  court,  and  became  the  chosen  companions 
of  our  princes.  The  old  native  people  gave  way  before 
them,  or  took  service  under  the  strong-handed  strangers. 
The  lands  these  English  settlers  acquired  they  chose  to 
hold  in  feudal  manner,  and  by  written  gift  of  the  sove- 
reign. .  .  Armed  with  it,  and  supported  by  law,  Norman 
knight  and  Saxon  thegn  set  himself  to  civilize  his  new 
acquired  property,  settled  his  vil  or  town,  &c." 

Mr,  Innes  adds  a  note  of  some  of  the  most  im- 
portant of  these  families,  which  might  be  largely 
increased  if  minor  proprietors  were  enumerated. 
Even  in  Lanarkshire  alone  we  have  the  Baillies, 
the  Chancellors,  the  Jardiues  or  Guardinos,  the 
Loccards  or  Lockharts,  the  Veres,  and  many  more. 

On  reading  D.  B.'s  note,  and  recalling  to  me- 
mory several  incidents  in  the  life  of  St.  Mungo, 
as  for  instance  that  of  the  fish  and  ring,  which 


appear  in  the  city  arms,  it  occurred  to  me  that, 
in  the  case  of  Glasgow  Cathedral,  there  had  been 
a  change  from  the  site  of  the  original  ecclesias- 
tical edifice  similar  to  that  which  we  know  took 
place  at  Sarum  and  at  Melrose  ;  and  this  I  find  is 
strongly  confirmed  by  the  Origines  Parochiales. 
The  see  of  Glasgow,  after  its  first  foundation  by 
St.  Mungo,  appears  to  have  been  destroyed,  and 
was  not  refounded  till  the  time  of  David  I.,  some 
centuries  later.  There  is  no  doubt  that  the  struc- 
ture then  erected  occupied  the  site  of  the  present 
cathedral ;  but  the  question  is,  was  that  the  site 
of  the  wattled  edifice  of  St.  Mungo  ?  I  think  it 
was  not.  The  episcopal  burgli  which  grew  up 
naturally  round  the  cathedral  was  bounded  to- 
wards the  river  by  the  foot  of  the  High  Street, 
and  by  the  Gallowgate,  the  Trongate,  &c.,  while 
the  church  of  St.  Mungo  extra  muros,  or  Little  St. 
Mungo,  said  to  be  erected  on  the  spot  where  the 
saint  preached  to  King  Roderick,  lies  between 
these  boundaries  and  the  river. 

Principal  Macfarlane,  in  the  New  Statistical  Ac- 
coimt,  gives  another  derivation  which  has  not 
been  noticed :  — 

"  Perhaps  the  most  probable  conjecture  is  that  which 
derives  it  from  the  level  green  on  the  banks  of  the  river, 
for  many  ages  its  greatest  ornament.  Glas-achadh,  in 
Gaelic,  "pronounced  Glassaugh,  or  with  a  slight  vocal 
sound  at  the  termination,  Glasshaughii,  signifies  the  green 
field  or  alluvial  plain,  and  is  strictly  descriptive  of  the 
spot  in  question.  The  name  of  the  town,  as  usually  pro- 
nounced bv  HigUanders,  corresponds  closely  with  this 
derivation." 

The  quaint  and  amusing  book  to  which  JIr. 
Rankest  refers,  is  certainly  no  authority,  as  is  shown 
from  the  fact  that  it  places  the  Barony  parish  on 
the  south  bank  of  the  Clyde.  Bonshaw  is  in  Dum- 
fries, not  Lanarkshire,  and  was  held  in  1682, 
when  the  first  edition  of  the  Nomcndatura  was 
published,  by  James  Irving,  the  captor  of  CargiU. 
The  word  Abs,  however,  is  certainly  curious,  but 
I  believe  that  it  only  indicates  the  author's  claim 
to  be  a  descendant  of  the  Bonshaw  family.  It 
puts  me  in  mind  of  a  story  of  a  workman  of  the 
name  of  Lockhart,  who,  being  employed  in  some 
repairs  at  "  The  Lee,"  fell  oft'  a  ladder,  and  on 
being  picked  up,  declared  that  ''  Nae  bodie  could 
noo  deny  he  cam  off  the  house  of  Lee." 

George  Vere  Irving. 


I  have  had  much  pleasure  in  reading  the  further 
remarks  of  D.  B,  on  this  vexed  question.  Allow 
me  to  assure  him,  however,  that  in  mentioning 
Catlmres  and  Dcscku,  recorded  by  Joscelyn  of 
Furness  as  being  the  older  names  of  the  Glasghu 
of  his  day,  I  in  no  way  intended  to  imply  that  the 
last  named  was  connected  with  them  philologically, 
further  than  that  the  terminals  ghu  and  chu  pro- 
bably described  the  same  local  feature.  But 
these  older  names  were  worth  mentioning,  because 
their  existence  aftbrds  some  probability  that  they 


3"»  S.  XI.  Jan,  12,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUEEIES. 


43 


were  given  by  tlie  Britons   of  Strathclyde,  and 
that  Glasghu  was  their  Gaelic  successor. 

I  am  happy  to  see  that  Mk.  Irving  has  come 
over  from  the  Norman-Freuch  to  the  Celtic.  His 
suggestion  that  the  British  gice,  a  ford,  may  be 
the  terminal  syllable  of  Glasghf,  is  well  worthy 
of  attention,  t  thinlc,  however,  that  the  analogy 
supplied  by  '^  Linlithgow/'  as  noted  by  D.  B., 
outweighs  it.  Me.  Ikving  objects  to  ccioch  and 
can,  suggested  by  D.  B.  and  myself,  that  it  bears 
only  the  meaning  of  "  a  bowl-shaped  hollow." 
This  is  not  borne  out  by  the  Dictionary  I  have 
consulted — the  important  one  published  under  the 
auspices  of  the  Highland  Society  of  Scotland, 
which  gives  caoch  as  an  adjective  only,  and  does 
not  limit  it  to  that  meaning. 

I  think,  before  quitting  this  now  well-ven- 
tilated subject,  it  is  worth  while  noting  another 
instance  of  analogy,  in  the  case  of  a  locality  in 
Aberdeenshire,  which  has  for  at  least  five  cen- 
turies borne  the  name  of  Glasgo,  Glasgow,  or 
Glasco,  in  which  last  form  it  appears  in  Gordon  of 
Straloch's  map  in  Blean's  Atlas.  It  was  in  the 
middle  ages  a  piece  of  forest-land,  of  no  great 
extent,  adjoining  the  forest  of  Kintore  on  the 
west,  and  the  forest  of  Tullich  on  the  east.  The 
forest  of  Skene  bounded  it  on  the  south.  "The 
forest  of  Glasgo,"  or  "  Glasco,"  (the  lands  are  still 
called  "  Glasgo-forest ")  lay  in  a  small  valley 
bounded  by  long  gradual  slopes  of  no  great  height, 
and  was  watered  by  two  or  three  small  brooks  too 
insignificant,  I  should  say,  for  any  crossing-place 
to  be  dignified  by  the  name  of  a  give  or  ford. 
The  valley  is  not  "  bowl-shaped,"  but  irregular ; 
and  one  of  its  slopes,  far  from  any  water,  bears 
the  quaint  name  of  Glasgo-ego,  or  ega,  which  good 
Gaelic  scholars  inform  me  signifies  "  the  slope  of 
the  green  hollow." 

The  quotation  given  by  Mr.  Eanken  from  the 
work  of  Christopher  Irvine  is,  of  course,  not  in- 
tended by  that  gentleman  to  be  treated  seriously. 
Many  so-called  traditions  and  derivations,  how- 
ever, not  one  whit  less  ludicrous,  have  been  handed 
down  from  the  Scottish  chroniclers,  heralds,  and 
family  historians  of  the  sixteenth  and  seventeenth 
centuries,  and  are  accepted  as  matters  of  faith  by 
too  many  persons  whom,  from  their  education  and 
intelligence,  it  would  be  difficult  to  hoax  on  other 
subjects.  C.  E.  D. 

WASHINGTON. 

(3"»  S.  viii.  377,  &c.) 

In  the  Bev.  E.  C.  M'Guire's  Religious  Opinions 
and  Character  of  Washington,  and  in  the  article  of 
some  fourteen  pages  upon  the  same  subject  in 
Bishop  Meade's  Old  Churches  of  Virgiyiia  (Phila- 
delphia, 1857),  the  reader  will  probably  find  all 
that  can  now  be  known,  and  perhaps  all  that 
Washington  himself  ever  cared  that  the  world 


should  know,  of  his  religious  faith.  Of  his  re- 
verent piety  the  proof  is  overwhelming.  To  the 
point  of  the  inquiry  lately  started  in  j^our  pages, 
however  ("  Strange  point  and  new  ! "),  not  many 
expressions  coming  directly  from  himself  can  be 
found  more  pertinent  than  the  following :  — In  his 
address  in  1783  to  the  governors  of  the  States, 
when  about  to  resign  his  military  command,  he 
says,  speaking  of  the  many  blessings  of  the  land, 
"  and  above  all,  the  pure  and  benign  light  of 
revelation."  He  also  uses  the  words,  ''  that 
humility  and  pacific  temper  of  mind  which  were 
the  characteristics  of  the  divine  Author  of  our 
blessed  religion."  And  in  a  letter  to  Gen.  Nelson 
in  1778,  "  the  hand  of  Providence  is  so  conspi- 
cuous in  all  this,  that  he  must  be  worse  than  an 
infidel  that  lacks  faith." 

A  paper  in  his  own  handwriting,  quoted  in 
Sparks's  Life,  shows  that  he  was  one  of  the 
vestrymen  in  Fairfax  parish — the  church  being  in 
Alexandria,  and  the  same,  no  doubt,  as  the  one 
of  which  your  correspondent  in  3"*  S.  x.  441 
speaks;  and  the  name  "George  Washington"  also 
occurs  as  one  of  the  vestry  of  Truro  parish,  in  a 
deed  dated  in  1774,  cited  in  p.  226  of  the  second 
volume  of  Old  Churches. 

Was  he  a  communicant  of  the  church?  A 
portion  of  what  Bishop  Meade  says  upon  this 
question,  so  interesting  to  American  churchmen, 
is  well  worth  quoting  :  — 

"  It  is  certainly  a  fact  that  for  a  certain  period  of  time 
during  his  Presidential  term,  while  the  Congress  was  held 
in  Philadelphia,  he  did  not  commmie.  This  fact  rests  on 
the  authority  of  Bishop  White,  under  whose  ministry  the 
President  sat,  and  who  was  on  the  most  intimate  terms 
with  himself  and  Mrs.  Washington.  1  will  relate  what 
the  Bishop  told  myself  and  others  in  relation  to  it.  During 
the  session  or  sessions  of  Congress  held  in  Philadelphia, 
General  Washington  was,  with  his  family,  a  regular  at  • 
tendant  at  one  of  the  chuixbes  under  the  care  of  Bishop 
White  and  his  assistants.  On  Communion-days,  when 
the  congregation  was  dismissed  (except  the  portion  which 
communed),  the  General  left  the  church,  until  a  certain 
Sabbath  on  which  Dr.  Abercrombie  in  his  sermon  spoke 
of  the  impropriety  of  turning  our  backs  on  the  Lord's 
table — that  is,  neglecting  to  commune ;  from  which  time 
General  Washington  came  no  more  on  Communion-days." 

Bishop  Meade  adds,  "  a  regard  for  historic  truth. 
has  led  to  the  mention  of  this  subject ;"  and  he  is 
very  plainly  an  unwilling  witness.  Yet  it  is  really 
all  the  evidence,  pro  or  cmi,  he  has  to  ofier  in  the 
matter.  He  refers  indeed  to  the  tradition  of 
Washington's  having  once  communed  in  a  Pres- 
byterian church  (which  a  low  churchman  might 
consistently  do),  and  says  the  testimony  adduced 
to  prove  it  ought  to  be  enough  to  satisfy  a  reason- 
able man  of  the  fact.  I  have  heard  the  story 
before,  but  not  the  authority  for  it,  which  the 
bishop  does  not  give,  but  speaks  of  as  too  well 
known  for  repetition.  The  present  excellent  and 
venerable  Rector  of  Washington's  church  in  Phila- 
delphia (Christ  Church),  told  me  a  few  days  ago, 


44 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[3"!  S.  XI.  Jan.  12,  '67. 


that  lie  was  not  aware  of  anything  heyond  the 
inferences  of  Bishop  Meade  upon  the  afiirniative 
side ;  but  added,  that  there  were  no  lists  of  com- 
municants of  the  church  kept  in  those  days,  and 
the  fact  with  regard  to  Washington,  as  to  any 
other  individual,  would  be  difficult  of  proof. 

Washington's  charity  and  moderation  in  things 
religious  are  well  illustrated  in  his  reply,  when 
President,  to  an  address  of  the  Quakers  in  1789. 
He  says :  — 

"  The  liberh'  enjoyed  by  the  people  of  these  States,  of 
worshipping  Almighty  God  agreeably  to  their  consciences, 
is  not  only  amongst  the  choicest  of  their  blessings,  but 
also  of  their  rights.  While  men  perform  their  social 
duties  faithfully,  they  do  all  that  society  or  the  State  can 
with  propriety  expect  or  demand ;  and  remain  responsible 
only  to  their  Maker  for  the  religion  or  mode  of  faith 
which  they  may  prefer  or  profess." — Gilpin's  Exiles  hi 
Virginia,  Philadelphia,  18^18,  p.  237. 

THOiTAS  Stewardsok,  Jus". 
Philadelphia. 

Shelley's  "  Adonais"  (3'^  S.  x.  494)  —The 
phrase,  "  The  Pythian  of  the  age,"  is  evidently, 
from  the  fitness  of  the  allusion,  intended  to  apply 
to  Lord  Byron.  Moreover,  Shelley,  in  a  letter  to 
Leigh  Hunt,  published  in  that  author's  Lord 
Byron  and  some  of  his  Contemporaries,  1828,  says, 
"  Lord  Byron,  I  suppose  from  modesty  on  account 
of  his  being  mentioned  in  it,  did  not  say  a  word 
oi  Adonais ; '''  and  the  above  is  the  only  character 
in  the  poem  which  bears  any  marked  resemblance 
to  the  noble  bard  and  satirist.  With  regard  to  the 
persons  referred  to  in  stanzas  30  to  35, 1  think 
they  are,  1st,  Wordsworth,  "  The  Pilgrim  of  Eter- 
nity "  (see,  for  his  claim  to  that  title,  i7iter  alia, 
the  ode  on  ''Intimations  of  Immortality  ").  2nd, 
Moore,  "lernes  It/risty  3rd,  Shelley  himself,  "a 
pard-like  spirit ; "  spoken  of  depreciatingly  as  "  one 
of  less  note,"  yet  in  the  essential  spirit  of  natural 
egotism,  dwelt  upon  at  much  length  and  with  in- 
tense earnestness.  4th,  Severn,  the  artist,  in  whose 
arms  Keats  breathed  his  last. 

I  presume  that  it  has  sti-uck  many  readers  of 
Adanais  (though  I  do  not  remember  ever  to  have 
seen  or  heard  the  circumstance  noticed)  that  a  re- 
mai-kable  forecasting  of  Shelley's  o-^ti  fate  seems  to 
be  expressed  in  several  stanzas  of  that  poem ;  par- 
ticularly in  the  last  stanza,  where  even  the  mate- 
rial incident  by  which  he  perished  is  aUegorically 
represented.  It  will  also  be  recollected  that  when 
Shelley's  body  was  recovered,  after  the  disastrous 
event,  a  copy  of  one  of  Keats's  poems  was  found 
in  his  coat-pocket,  open,  as  if  at  the  place  where 
he  had  been  reading  it  when  the  sudden  rising  of 
the  storm  had  interrupted  him ;  and,  further,  that 
Shelley's  ashes  were  interred  in  the  same  burial- 
place  at  Rome  as  the  remains  of  Keats.  These 
facts  being  borne  in  mind,  Adonais  is,  apart  from 
its  poetic  excellence,  a  work  of  singular  interest. 

J.  W.  W. 


In  answer  to  C.  W.  M.'s  inquiry  as  to  who  are 
the  mourners  alluded  to  in  stanzas  30-35  of 
Adonais,  I  beg  leave  to  suggest  the  following  ex- 
planation. "  The  Pilgrim  of  Eternitj' "  is,  I  should 
say,  Byron,  justly  so  called  from  his  immortal 
Childe  Harolds  Pilgrimage.  Stanzas  31  evidently 
refers  to  Shelley  himself,  who  here  modestly  places 
himself  amongst  "  others  of  less  note."  I  am  not 
quite  clear  whether  the  remaining  three  stanzas 
refer  to  another  "  moimtain  shepherd,"  or  are  a 
continuation  of  stanzas  31 ;  I  should  say  the  latter, 
as  much  of  the  description  is  very  appropriate  to 
SheUey, — for  instance,  "  a  herd-abandoned  deer, 
struck  by  the  hunter's  dart,"  and  "his  branded 
brow,"  &c.  Stanzas  35  may  refer  either  to  Leigh 
Hunt  or  to  Charles  Cowden  Clarke,  most  probably 
the  latter,  because  Shelley  speaks  of  his  "  teaching 
the  departed  one,"  which  is  confirmed  by  Keats 
himself,  who,  in  his  poetical  address  to  C.  C. 
Clarke,  says, — 

"  You  first  taught  me  all  the  sweets  of  song." 
The  "  Pythian  of  the  age,"  in  stanzas  28,  is  evi- 
dently Byron.     The  above  are  only  conjectures, 
but  I  think  they  are  reasonable  ones. 

Joi^ATHAN  BOTJCHIER. 
5,  Selwood  Place,  Brompton,  S.W. 

"  Les  Ajstglois  s'amusaie:;?!  tkistemeis't  "  (3''^ 
S.  x.  147.)  — It  has  suddenly  occm-red  to  me  that 
the  passage  "Les  Anglois  s'amusaient  tristement " 
is  to  be  found  in  the  Memoirs  of  P.  de  Comines, 
where  he  relates  the  festivities  at  Amiens  after 
the  interview  between  Edward  IV.  and  Louis  XI. 
on  the  bridge  at  Picquigny-sur-Somme.  I  have 
not  a  copy  of  De  Comiues  to  refer  to,  but  if  your 
correspondent  Jatdee  has,  I  hope  and  think  he 
will  fiiid  what  he  is  seeking. 

Fred.  Chas,  WrLKiifsoN-. 

Lymington,  Hants. 

CHAiif  Oegax  (S--^  S.  xi.  11.)  —  Your  valued 
correspondent  Mr.  W.  H.  Hart,  and  Mr.  Kings- 
ton, well  known  for  his  ready  assistance  to 
the  numerous  searchers  at  the  Public  Record 
Office,  have  pointed  out  to  me  that,  in  the  Audi- 
tor's Privy  Seal  Book,  1636—1641,  no.  9,  folio 
26,  there  is  an  entry  of  the  warrant  to  Norgate, 
which  I  lately  communicated  to  you,  in  which 
the  words  "a  newe  chai«e  organ"  are  clearly 
written  "  a  newe  chaire  organ."  Mr.  Hart,  who 
is  as  well  skilled  in  music  as  he  is  in  records,  has 
also  informed  me  that  '•  chaire  "  was  at  that  time 
a  customary  spelling  of  "choire"  or  "choir." 
The  instrument  in  question  was  therefore  simply 
"a  choir  organ."  I  may  add  that  the  Rev.  J.  H, 
Coward,  incumbent  of  St.  Rennet's,  Paul's  Wharf, 
and  one  of  the  canons  of  St.  Paul's,  has  kindly 
promised  me  to  send  you  such  information  re- 
specting Xorgate's  burial  as  may  be  found  in  the 
register  of  his  church.  JoH3f  Brttce. 

Mr.  J.  Bruce  has,  no  doubt,  misread  the  word 


3'd  S.  XI.  Jax.  12,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


45 


in  the  extract  lie  has  sent  regarding  Edward  Nor- 
gate  and  the  new  choir  organ  at  Hampton  Court. 
When  I  was  one  of  the  children  of  the  Chapels 
Royal,  I  often  copied  music  in  the  organ  books, 
and,  in  all  the  old  ones,  the  choir  organ  is  fre- 
quently written  "  chair  "  or  "  chaire  "  organ.  So, 
also,  no  mention  was  made  of  what  we  now  term 
the  "  swell."  It  was,  in  the  days  of  two  hundred 
years  ago,  always  called  the  "  echo."  I  may  add 
that  a  "chair,"  or  as  we  term  it,  ''choir,"  organ 
used  to  be  enclosed  in  a  smaller  case  by  itself,  and 
was  placed  in  front  of  the  larger,  or  great,  organ. 
The  same  arrangement  holds  good  now,  in  the 
majority  of  cathedral  and  collegiate  churches. 
Many  parochial  churches  have  choir  organs  in 
front ;  and  the  new  instrument  erected  some  seren 
or  eight  years  since  by  Messrs.  Bevington,  in  St. 
Martins-in-the-Fields,  conforms  to  the  earlier 
practice.  The  organ  in  the  Chapel  Eoyal,  White- 
hall, was  repaired  some  sixty  or  seventy  years  ago, 
and  the  choir  organ  was  transferred  to  the  interior 
of  the  great  organ ;  but  so  essential  a  feature  was 
its  appearance,  that  the  front  was  allowed  to  re- 
main. Other  instances  of  sham  choir  organs  could 
he  mentioned,  but  would  only  encroach  upon  valu- 
able space.  Matthew  Cooee. 

In  aU  probability  this  is  simply  a  misprint  for 
chair  organ,  which  some  years  ago  was  the  desig- 
nation of  a  small  organ  placed  behind  the  seat  of 
the  organist,  and  on  which  he  often  sate ;  it 
might  therefore  have  been  called  his  chair,  though 
in  later  times  it  is  called  the  choir  organ.  I  did 
once  venture  to  suggest  that  these  two  organs, 
one  (the  great  organ)  in  front  of  the  player,  and 
the  other  behind  Jbim,  might  have  been  the  origin 
of  the  phrase,  a  ^j«iV  of  organs ;  but  I  was  met 
with  such  a  tempest  of  opposition,  that  I  was  fain 
to  shorten  sail.  However,  now  another  question 
has  arisen  as  to  imirs,  I  venture  to  creep  out  of 
my  hole.  A  pair  of  stairs  clearly  means  what 
workmen  call  a  dog-legged  staircase  :  one  half 
reaching  to  one  landing,  and  the  other  going  on 
to  the  top.  The  stairs,  at  least  before  the  intro- 
duction of  winders,  were  in  hco  equal  halves,  and 
formed  a  pair.  A  pair  of  scissors  has  tico  cutting 
blades ;  a  pair  of  bellows  has  tico  moveable  flaps ; 
a  pair  of  trousers  has  tioo  legs ;  in  fact,  a  j9«/r  of 
anything  involves  the  idea  of  duality.  Why  then, 
I  respectfully  ask,  does  not  a  indr  of  organs  mean 
an  instrument  divided  into  two  parts,  and  with 
two  rows  of  keys ;  a  great  and  a  choir  (or  perhaps 
in  older  phrase),  a  chair  organ  ?  A.  A. 

Poets'  Corner. 

OEAJfGE  Flowees,  A  Bride's  Decoeatiok"  (3'''^ 
S.  X.  290,  381.)  — This  is,  I  suspect,  a  modern 
custom.  The  orange,  indeed,  is  the  golden  apple 
of  Hesperides,  is  eminent  amongst  fruits  for  its 
prolific  qualities  as  well  as  for  its  healing  virtues, 
but  its  employment  at  weddings  does  not  appear 


to  have  been  an  ancient  custom.  I  should  think 
it  a  fashion  set  by  French  milliners^  and  selected 
for  its  beauty  rather  than  for  any  symbolical  rea- 
son, since  as  a  modern  invention  it  is  not  to  be 
traced  to  those  times  when  symbolism  was  rife. 
The  iatroduction  of  the  orange  into  England  is 
subsequent  to  the  days  of  chivalry. 

JrxTA  Tueeim:. 

Hoese-Chesnui  (3"1  S.  x.  523.) — If  your  cor- 
respondent W.  will  examine  the  bark  of  the  stem 
or  branch  of  a  horse-chesnut  tree  from  which  the 
stalk  bearing  the  leaves  has  fallen  in  autumn,  he 
will  see  a  very  perfect  representation  of  a  horse- 
shoe having  the  naih  evenly  and  distinctly  marked 
on  either  side.  This  information  may  guide  him 
in  his  search  for  the  derivation  of  the  English, 
name  of  the  tree. 

Query,  Is  chesnid  or  chestmd  correct?    W.  W. 

["  Chestnut  is  frequently,  but  not  so  properly,  -written 
chesnut.'' — Richardson.  ] 

Betting  (S'"^  S.  x.  448.)  —  I  have  heard  from  a 
well-known  Yorkshire  squire  the  expression  that 
the  test  of  a  man's  opinion  was  a  wager. 

L.  L.  H. 

Colonel  J.  E.  Jackson  (3'1  S.  x.  449.)  — 
Colonel  Julian  .Tackson,  F.R.S.,  died  March  16,. 
1853.  {Gentlcinaii's  Magazine,  1853,  xxxix.  562 ; 
Journal  of  Royal  Geographical  Society,  1853,  xxiii. 
p.  Ixxi.)  L.  L.  H. 

Bishop  Haee's  Pamphlet  (3''<i  S.  x.  513.)  — 
Beutley's  Remarks  on  the  Essay  on  Freethinhing^ 
was  first  published  in  1713,  and  inscribed  to  Hare, 
who  thanked  the  author  in  a  letter  entitled  "  The 
Clergyman's  Thanks  to  PhUeleutherus."  Soon 
afterwards  the  rupture  between  the  two  writers 
occm-red,  and  in  the  subsequent  editions  of  the 
Remarks  Bentley  consequently  suppressed  the  in- 
scription to  Hare,  which  accounts  for  its  absence 
in  Mr.  King's  edition  of  1725.  The  very  high 
opinion  which  Warburton  expressed  of  Hare  as  a 
critic  is  worthy  of  notice  :  —  "Go  to  the  study  of 

the  best  critics above  all  Dr.  Bentley  and 

Bishop  Hare,  who  are  the  greatest  men,  in  this 
way,  that  ever  were."  (Rev.  W.  Warburton  to 
Rev.  W.  Green,Xichols's  Illustrations  of  Literature^ 
ir.  852.)    ■  H.  P.  D. 

Amatetje  Hop-picking  (3"1  S.  x.  352,  422.)_— 
Hop-picking  is  a  favourite  diversion,  both  for  ricb 
and  poor.  At  Wateringbury  last  season  some  ladies 
of  my  acquaintance  employed  themselves  some 
hours  daUy,  the  farmer  putting  a  bin  on  purpose 
for  them,  and  the  ladies  receiving  their  pay  the 
same  as  the  poor.  As  for  the  poor,  it  is  not  im- 
common  for  a  mistress  to  come  down  to  breakfast 
and  find  her  maid  has  decamped,  losing  her  place, 
and  perhaps  her  character,  rather  than  forego  five 
or  six  weeks'  hop-picking.  As  for  its  health- 
restoring  power,  no  doubt  exists  on  that  point.     I 


46 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[S'-d  S.  XI.  Jan.  12,  '67. 


know  a  person  at  Wateringbuiy  whose  sister  is  very 
delicate,  and  lie  assures  me  that  her  appetite  and  | 
general  health  always  improve  during  hop-pick-  ) 
ing,  and  that  the  same  benefit  does  not  obtain  j 
from  filbert,  apple,  or  cherry-picking ;  and  he  also  \ 
tells  me  that  mauy  respectable  people  come  from  j 
London  every  hop-picking  for  their  health.  The 
farina  of  the 'hop  has  a  most  delightful  aroma,  and 


a  set.  Originally  pair  was  not  confined  to  two 
things,  but  was  applied  to  any  number  oi pares,  or 
equal  things,  that  go  together.  Ben  Jonson  speaks 
of  a  ^jfaV  (set)  of  chessmen ;  also,  he  and  Lord 
Bacon  speak  of  ajiair  (pack)  of  cards.*  A  "  j)air 
of  stairs  "  was,  in  like  manner,  the  original  expres- 
sion, as  given  by  the  earlier  lexicographers,  by 
Howell,  &c.,  and  is  still  in  popular  use,  though 


tincture  is  used  as  medicine.     The  celebrated  i  flight  was  also  introduced  at  a  later  period.      Vide 


Dr.  Willis  obtained  great  reputation  and  success 
by  prescribing  a  pillow  stuffed  with  hops  for  his 
Majesty  George  the  Third  to  rest  his  royal  head 
upon  when  he  suffered  from  sleeplessness  andwant 
of  appetite.  "" 

Maidstone. 

Coypel's  Medaxs  (3''*  S.  x.  311.)  —  Antoine 


F.  F. 


Webster's  Dictionary. 
Heidelberg. 


J.  C.  Hahx,  Ph.D. 


Dab  (3'*  S.  x.  431.)— The  word  dah  for  an  ex- 
pert workman  is  common  about   Paisley,  and  I 
believe  throughout  Scotland  ;  at  the  same  time  it 
is  a  low  word.     It  is  not  used  by  Burns,  who  was 
generally  particular  in  excluding  vulgar  words 

Coypel  (b.  1661,  d.  1722)  made  the 'drawb^rfor     ^^"^  ^^^  ^"".'^P'''^^?^^'  h^.^^.^i_^*.^!'l?y  *^^ 


the  reverses  of  286  medallions,  representing  the 
principal  events  of  the  reign  of  Louis  XIV.,  the 
publication  of  which  was  entrusted  to  the  Royal 
Academy  of  ^Medals  and  of  Inscriptions.  This  work 
was  first  published  in  folio,  the  engravings  of  the 
medals  varying  in  size.  In  1792  a  quarto  edition 
was  issued  from  the  royal  printing  press,  in  which 
it  was  not  considered  necessary  to  repeat  the  head 
to  each  reverse,  but  to  limit  them  to  the  first  me- 
dallion of  each  of  the  King's  different  ages  (eight  [ 
in  number).  The  medallions  in  this  edition  were 
engraved  of  a  uniform  size,  with  a  letterpress 
setting  forth  the  historical  fact  to  be  represented, 
and  explaining  each  medallion  in  detail. 

^  ^  H.  F.  H. 

Clapham  Park. 

Pews  (3"*  S.  x.  497.)  —Mk.  William  Blades 
is  misled  by  the  modern  use  of  the  word  pew. 
Originally  it  meant  simply  a  seat,  and  was  pro- 
bably a  corruption  of  the  French  appui,  a  stay  or 
support.  In  post-reformation  times,  when  enclosed 
seats  were  introduced,  the  same  word  was  used  as 
before.  If  enclosed  seats  had  been  used  prior  to 
the  Reformation,  some  of  them  no  doubt  would 
still  exist,  and  could  be  recognised  by  the  peculiar 
mouldings,  &c.  of  the  period.  But  there  are  none 
such.  Until  the  Reformation  seats  of  any  kind 
were  exceptional  in  churches,  and  appear  to  have 
been  first  introduced  for  the  benefit  of  women. 

P.  E.  M. 

Thomas  Meadows  (3"1  S.  x.  494.)— Thomas 
Meadows,  who  published  in  1805  Thespian  Glean- 
ings, &c.,  died  in  1807.  ISIr.  Meadows,  the  per- 
former, made  his  first  appearance  at  Covent  Garden 
in  1821 ;  he  is  still  Hviug.  D.  M. 

Barnes. 

A  Pair  or  Staies  (3"»  S.  x.  393,  456.)  —  Stair 
is  derived  from  A.-S.  stceger,  from  A.-S.  and 
O.  H.-G.  stigan,  to  ascend,  rise.  A  ^jrtiV  of  stairs 
is  a  set  or  flight  of  stairs ;  a  legitimate  expression, 
pair  in  this  phrase  having  its  ancient  meaning  of 


poet  Fergusson,  whose  fate  Burns  lamented  so 
feelingly.  In  answer  to  a  poetical  epistle  sent 
him  from  Berwick-on-Tweed,  Fergusson  opens 
with  the  following  verse  :  — 

"  I  trow,  my  mettled  Louthian  lathie, 
Auldfarran  birky  I  maun  ca'  thee, 
For  when  in  gude  black  prent  I  saw  thee 

Wi'  souple  gab, 
I  skirl'd  fa'  loud, '  Oh  !  wae  befa'  thee. 

But  thou'rt  a  dab.'  " 
There  is  no  mistaking  the  sense  in  which  the 
I  poet  uses  the  word,  as   he  is  pleased  with  the 
j  epistle,  and  conveys  his   earnest  thanks  to  the 
writer.     Strange  I  do  not  find  the  word  in  Jamie- 
son's  Scottish  Dictionarij,  yet  the  Scottish  ■  poets 
were  a  mine  of  wealth  to  him  when  compiling  his 
work.  Wm.  MacKean. 

Dap  is  no  doubt  the  original,  or  an  abbreviated 
form  of  dapper,  which  is  the  same  word,  although 
with  an  altered  signification,  as  Dan.  and  Sw. 
tapper;  Dwich,  dapper ;  Germ.,  tapfer ;  signifying 
brave,  valiant.  J.  C.  'Hahn,  Ph.D. 

Heidelberg. 

Bad  Manjters  (3"*  S.  x.  409.) — "  I  am  sorry  to 
see,"  says  Mr.  Fitzhopken's,  "that  bad  manners 
continue,"  &c.  The  story  mentioned  by  him  has 
been  told  of  Dr.  S.  Johnson :— The  worthy  Doctor 
being  nearly  blind,  could  probably  not  find  the 
sugartongs,  and  so  helped  himself  with  those 
nature  had  given  him,  viz.,  his  fingers.  The  lady 
of  the  house,  horrified  at  such  a  breach  of  good 
manners,  rang  the  bell  for  John  Thomas  to  throw 
away  the  contaminated  sugar.  Johnson,  ajypa- 
renthj  unconscious  of  his  culpability  thus  sharply 
pointed  out  to  him,  quietly  continued  to  sip  his 
tea,  and  then,  to  the  great  dismay  of  the  lady, 
threw  both  cup  and  saucer  into  the  fire,  or  out  of 
the  window,  saying, — "I  must  naturally  suppose, 
madam,  that  you  would  not  think  of  again  using  a 
cup  which  has  touched  my  lips."     '™'"-"  *^''°  "'^^ 


Were  this  not 


*  "  Fasciculus  foliorum,  a  pair  of  cards,"    Higins  and 
Fleming's  Nomencl. 


3'd  S.  XL  Jan.  12,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


47 


"line  question  de  sucre  "  it  might  be  termed  "  tlie 
hitter  bit^  or  the  liter  hit."  P.  A.  L, 

William  Prestok,  M.R.I.A.  (S-^"  S.  x.  412.) 
Abhba  may  be  glad  to  be  referred  to  Hardy's 
Memoirs  of  James  Earl  of  Charlemont,  2nd  edition, 
1812,  i.  408-10,  for  some  interesting  particulars  of 
Mr.  Preston  and  his  patriotic  and  accomplished 
patron.  A  characteristic  letter  of  Horace  Walpole 
(Lord  Orford)  is  included,  and  a  foot-note  adds, — 

"  This  ingenious  and  excellent  man,  Mr.  Preston,  is 
now  no  more.  He  died,  truly  lamented,  in  February', 
1807.  A  great  intimacy  subsisted  between  Lord  Charle- 
mont and  Iiim." 

B.  E.  S. 

Bucket  Chain  (S^^  S.  x.  411.)— Old  stories  tell 
lis  when  the  lower  orders  quarrelled  and  wished 
to  separate,  as  it  was  a  difficult  thing  to  carry  out 
a  divorce  a  tlioro  when  there  was  only  one  bed  in 
the  house,  the  custom  was  to  raise  a  barrier  be- 
tween the  conflicting  parties  by  putting  some 
separation  into  the  bed  itself.  So  the  carpenter 
in  the  old  story  puts  a  log  of  wood,  and  the 
fiddler  his  violin  case,  between  himself  and  his 
wife.  Probably  the  meaning  of  the  advertisement 
is  that  there  was  a  quasi  separation,  and  the  hus- 
band would  not  be  answerable  for  the  wife's  debts. 

A.  A. 
Poets'  Corner. 

BoLET  (3'^''  S.  X.  473.)  —  There  is  a  spot  in  the 
Marshes  east  of  London  called  Boley  Mead,  or 
Bully  Mead.  It  originally  belonged  to  the  Tem- 
plars whose  preceptories  were  often  called  Beau- 
lieu,  or  de  Bello  Loco.  Can  your  correspondent 
find  out  whether  this  order  had  any  property'  near 
the  spot  alluded  to  ?  A.  A. 

Poets'  Corner. 

Debe^-ttjkes  {^^^  S.  X.  501.)  —  If  your  corre- 
spondent will  consult  Cowell's  Laiu  Dictionary  he 
will  see  that  this  phrase  was  first  used  to  desig- 
nate a  sort  of  E.xchequer  bills  provided  for  the 
payment  of  the  army  by  the  parliament  about 
1649.  The  sturdy  old  lawyer  calls  it  a  "  Rump 
Act."  The  passage  is  too  long  to  quote,  but  the 
reference  is  curious.  xV.  A, 

Poets'  Corner. 

The  Dawson  Family  (3^"  S.  xi.  20.)  — Until  I 
saw  Mr.  Foss's  note  and  the  "  extract  from  a  local 
paper,"  I  was  afraid  to  make  a  suggestion  as  to  the 
name  Davison.  But  I  may  now  say  that  having 
referred  to  the  list  at  the  end  of  Blome's  Sritamiia, 
1673,  of  "  nobility  and  gentry  which  are  or  lately 
were  related  unto  the  county  of  Northumberland," 
I  had  there  found  "  Mr.  Timothy  Davison  of  Neio- 
castle,  Merch."  And  in  the  list  for  Durham  I  find 
'^  Ralph  Davison  of  Laiton,  Esq.,"  "  William  Davi- 
son of  Thornhy,  Esq."  I  am  so  much  a  stranger 
to  these  counties  that  I  cannot  have  any  opinion 
of  my  ovm.  But  after  Mr.  Foss's  note  and  the 
interesting  detail  given  in  the  local  paper,  there  can 


hardly  be  a  doubt  that  the  first  name,  "  Timothy 
Davison,"  is  one  of  the  Dawsons.  Now  that  New- 
castle antiquaries  are  aware  of  the  existence  of 
Dawson's  monument,  I  hope  they  will  recollect 
that  it  is  near  a  third  danger  from  rebuilding,  is 
suffering  greatly  from  weather — as  shown  by  the 
very  pardonable  hesitation  of  Lwin  F.  as  to  the 
femme  coat — and  may  be  now  saved. 

Will  the  writer  of  the  article  in  the  "  local 
paper  "  say  what  is  the  name  of  the  wife ;  her 
arms  being,  as  I  said  (p.  21),  a  fesse  engrailed  be- 
tween three  wyverns'  or  dragons'  heads  erased. 
Our  united  notes  will  then  complete  the  informa- 
tion necessary  for  any  future  account  of  the  Ken- 
sington monuments,  D.  P. 

Stuarts  Lodge,  Malvern  Wells, 

Baptism  (3"^''  S.  x.  509.)  — I  believe  that  the 
Swedenborgian  sect  uses  the  form  "  I  baptise  thee- 
in  the  name  of  the  Lord  Jesus." 

Wm.  Chandler  Heald. 

Ancient  Chapel  (S^^  S.  x.  340,  383,  425,  518.) 
Add  a  beautiful  Norman  one  at  Postlip  Hall,  in- 
the  Cotswold  Hills,  near  Cheltenham ;  both  chapel 
and  hall  degraded  to  base  uses.  The  ivy-mantled 
ruins  of  another  stand  in  the  garden  of  GifFord's 
Hall,  Stoke-by-Nayland,  Suffolk.  The  interest- 
ing remains  at  Ludlow  Castle  may  also  be  cited, 
as  well  as  those  in  the  ruins  of  Goodrich  Castle, 
Herefordshire.  W.  J.  Bernhard  Smith. 

Temple. 

"  MijRDER  WILL  OUT  "  {^'^  S.  X.  618.)— It  is  not 
at  all  likely  that  Chaucer  originated  this  phrase.  It 
has  all  the  appearance  of  a  colloquial  saying,  as  little 
belonging  to  Chaucer  as  to  Shakspeare,  who  makes 
Launcelot  Gobbo  {Merchant  of  Venice,  Act  II, 
Sc.  2)  say,  "  Truth  will  come  to  light ;  mvrcler 
cannot  he  long  hid,  a  man's  son  mav;  but,  in  the 
end,  truth  will  out."  '       C.  A.  W. 

May  Fair, 

Dessein's  Hotel  (2>'"^  S,  x.  509.)— I  would 
refer  J.  Ln.  to  Mr,  Percy  Fitzgerald's  Life  of 
Steiiw  (vol.  ii,  p.  281—289)  for  a  history  of  the 
changes  through  which  the  famous  hotel  has 
passed  since  the  visit  of  Mr.  Yorick.  At  the  date 
of  Mr.  Fitzgerald's  writing,  an  advertisement  had 
lately  appeared  in  Bradshaw's  Continental  Grtide, 
stating  that  the  premises  of  the  old  Hotel  Dessein 
had  been  purchased  by  the  town  of  Calais,  and 
that  it  had  ceased  to  be  a  hotel  for  travellers. 
The  transformation  into  a  museum  has  probably 
taken  place  since  the  publication  of  this  memoir. 

Apropos  of  Sterne,  I  lately  picked  up  at  a  book- 
stall a  copy  of  Tristram  Shandy  in  the  original 
nine-volume  duodecimo  form.  The  last  three 
volumes  are  first  editions,  and  the  seventh  and 
ninth  contain  Sterne's  signature  on  the  first  page. 
Are  these  first  editions,  with  the  autograph, 
scarce  ?  Alfred  Ainger. 


48 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[Si-i  S.  XI.  Jak.  12,  '67. 


Miictllmtaus. 

NOTES  ON  BOOKS,  ETC. 
The  Tenures  of  Kent.     Bij  Charles  J.  Elton,  late  Fellow 
of  Queen's  College,  Oxford ;  and  of  Lincoln's  Inn,  Bar- 
rister-at-Law.     (Parker.) 

If  Mr.  Elton  be  correct  in  his  statement,  and  it  is 
quite  obvious  that  he  speaks  with  a  thorough  knowledge 
of  the  subject,  that  the  number  of  cases  continually  in- 
creases in  Kent  in  which  a  doubt  as  to  the  tenure  pre- 
vents any  free  dealing  with  the  land,  it  is  evident  that  a 
work  like  the  present,  which  shall  enter  fully  into  the 
important  subject  of  the  Tenures  of  Kent,  must  be  one  of 
special  value  and  importance  to  Kentish  Proprietors,  and 
of  special  interest  to  Kentish  Antiquaries,  and  deserve 
the  attention  of  all  who  study  the  old  law  generally.  An 
enumeration  of  the  contents  of  the  several  chapters  will 
show  how  various  are  the  tenures  in  question,  and  the 
points  on  which  information  will  be  found  in  Mr.  Elton's 
handsome  volume.  The  chapters,  which  are  sixteen  in 
number,  are  devoted  to  The  Limits  of  Gavelkind  in  Kent ; 
Tenures  in  Kent  before  the  Conquest ;  Gavelkind  ;  The 
Norman  Conquest;  The  Domesday  Survey;  Tenure  in 
Burgage ;  Ancient  Demesne ;  Tenure  by  Barony,  by  Cas- 
tleguard  ;  Tenures  by  Sergeanty ;  Tenure  in  Francal- 
moigne ;  Tenure  by  Knight  Service  ;  Tenure  in  Socage  ; 
Disgavelled  Lands.  A  Table  of  Cases ;  List  of  Lands  held 
by  ancient  Knight  Service  in  Kent,  and  an  Index,  com- 
plete the  book;  which  is  appropriately  dedicated  to 
Earl  Stanhope,  a  large  landowner  in  Kent,  and  President 
of  the  Society  of  Antiquaries. 

The  Rob  Roy  on  the  Baltic.  A  Canoe  Cruise  through 
Norway,  Sweden,  Denmark,  Sleswig,  Holstein,  the  North 
Sea,  and  the  Baltic.  By  J.  MacGregor,  M.A.  With 
numerous  Illustrations,  Maps,  and  Music.  (Sampson 
Low.) 

The  Rob  Roy,  a  new  canoe  built  for  the  purpose,  in 
this  voyage,  if  she  did  not  visit  fresh  fields  and  pastures 
new,  dashed  into  salt  water,  sailed  over  inland  seas  and 
groped  among  foggv  islands,  as  the  reader  will  find 
pleasantly  told  in  the  log  which  Captain  MacGregor  has 
kept  in  the  chatty  and  genial  spirit  for  which  his  former 
volume  was  distinguished. 

The  Toilers  of  the   Sea.    By  Victor  Hugo.     Authorised 
English  Translation.     By   W.  Moy  Thomas.     Two  Il- 
lustrations by  Gustave  Dore'.     (Sampson  Low.) 
This  new  and  cheaper  edition  of  Victor  Hugo's  power- 
ful story  has  the  additional  attraction  of  two  masterly 
illustrations  from  the  apparently  inexhaustible  pencil  of 
Gustave  Dore. 

Meteors,  Aerolites,  and  Falling  Stars,  by  T.  L.  Phipson. 
With  numerous  Illustrations.  (L.  Reeve  &  Co.) 
A  histoiy  of  falling  stars,  written  on  the  model  of 
Arago's  celebrated  Notice  sur  le  Tonnerre,  is  a  well-timed 
volume,  interesting  to  those  who  witnessed  the  pheno- 
mena of  the  13th  November  last,  and  instructive  to  those 
who  propose  to  watch  for  the  meteoric  showers  which  may 
be  looked  for  on  the  11th,  12th,  and  13th  of  November 
next. 

Literary  Activity  of  the  Year  186G.— It  appears, 
from  The  Bookseller,  that  during  the  past  year  there  have 
appeared  4,204  new  books  and  new  editions  :— Religious 
books  and  pamphlets,  849  ;  Biographical  and  Historical, 
194  ;  Medical  and  Surgical,  160 ;  Poetry  and  the  Drama, 
232  ;  Novels,  390 ;  Minor  Fiction  and  Children's  Books, 
544  •  Travels,  Topography,  and  Geography,  195  ;  Annuals 
and  Serials  (volumes  only),  225  ;  Agriculture,  Horticul- 
ture, &c.,  64;  English  Philology  and  Education,  196; 
European  and  Classiqal  Philology,  and  Translation,  161 ; 


Law,  84  ;  Naval,  Military,  and  Engineering,  39 ;  Science, 
Natural  History,  &c.,  147;  Trade  and  Commerce,  79; 
Politics  and  Questions  of  the  Day,  167 ;  Illustrated  Works, 
85 ;  Art,  Architecture,  (fee,  34 ;  Miscellaneous,  not  clas- 
sified, 359.     Total,  4204. 


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dresses are  given  for  that  purpose:  — 
The  Reliqcary.    Complete. 

CoLLECTA.-«Em   AntiQC^. 

Abch^olooia.    Vols.  I.  to  XI.    4to. 
Hewitt's  Ancient  Armook  and  Weapons.    3  Vols. 
Dublin  Review.    (Old  or  New  Series.)    Complete  or  odd  Nos. 
Wanted  by  Mr.  W.  B.  Kelly,  8,  Grafton  Street,  Dublin. 


New  Tunes  to  Wesley's  Hvmns,  by  Dr.  Miller  and  W.  E.  Miller. 
Tlie  advertiser  will  be  glad  to  purchase  any  Tune  Books  of  the  last 
century  which  he  may  not  possess. 

Wanted  by  Eev.  H.  Parr,  Campsall  Vicarage,  Doncaster. 


CAMBftiDOE  Edition  of  Shakspebe.    (Second-hand  copy.') 
Wanted  by  Mr.  Ifoble,  Bookseller,  Inverness. 

Gouoh's  Sepolchral  Mondments.    5  Vols. 

Ottley's  History  of  Enobavinq.    2  Vols,    Large  paper. 

Crdikshank's  Omnibus. 

Ashmole's  Berkshire.    3  Vols.    Large  paper. 

Jorbock's  Jaunts.    Plates  by  Leech.  ^, 

Disraeli's  Curiosities  of  Literature.    6  Vols.  8V0,   1817.    TTnbOuna. 

BuRNs's  Poems.    First  edition.    Kilmarnock. 

Bees.    Any  early  works  on  this  subject. 

Wanted  by  Mr.  Thomas  Beet,  Bookseller.  15,  Conduit  Street, 
Bond  Street,  London,  W. 


Notes  . 


>  Queries.    Vol.  VII.    First  Series. 
Wanted  by  Major  Fishwick,  Carr  Kill,  Rochdale. 


^atittS  ta  Corrc^pouUettW. 

The  Genebal  Index  to  our  last  volume  will  be  issued  with  "  N.  &  Q." 
of  Saturday  next,  the  19(ft  imtant. 

Jaydee.  SovereTcim,  Double  Sovereigns  and  Half  Sovereigns  were 
coined  by  Henry  VIII.    See  Akerman's  Numismatic  Manual,  p.  332. 

K  P  D.  E.  The  pedigree  of  the  Skinners  of  Thornton,cq.  Lincoln,  is 
printed  in  Joseph  Hunter's  Sheaf  of  Gleanings  after  Biographers  of 
Milton,  8vo,  1850. 

M.  M.  Christopher  Saxton's  Maps  of  England  and  Wales  arecer- 
tcdnlv  rare,  and  a  perfect  set  would  probably  fetch  81.  or  101.  See  Bohns 
Lowndesrp.  2197,  ani  Ames's  Typographical  AntiauiUes,  by  Herbert, 
iii.  1649— 52.  .        , 

Gbeystejl.  Some  conjectural  ef ;?'«:J«<''o««X  <'f.  t"■ii"?^2  ■  v  fS" 
like  a  Cheshire  cat,"  may  be  found  m     N.  &  Q.     1st  b.  u.  412 ;  v.  402  , 

^\J,T  V  The  transactions  between  James  andCutlihert  Burbadge_  and 
r^f^  Allen  havebeenfullv  stated  by  Mr.  J.  Jf.  Colli,  r  vi  the  Memoirs  of 
SePrincioal  Actors  in  the  Plays  of  Shakspeare,  8vo,  184«.  and  in  the 
Shakspeare  Society  Papers,  vol.  iv.  pp.  63-70,  both  published  by  the 
Shakspeare  Society. 

Dutch  Custom.  3{r.  J.  H.  Ueid  complains  that  Mr.  Carttar's  ex- 
„;a«Xn  (aS?"  p.  27)  is  taken  loithout  any  acknowledgment  from 
Provost  Chambers'  Tom  in  Holland. 

C.  T.    It  was  Margare^Roper-^^  .^  ^^^  ^^^^  ^^^^^^ 
Her  murdered  father's  head." 

FiTZHoPKiNS  will  find  an  account  of  the  correspondence  respecting 
'^TheWildMenof  Jesso"  in  The  Times  of  Dec.  2i. 

Arthur  Ooilvy  will  find  many  curious  particulars  of  tteTradescant 
Family  in  our  1st  S.  vols.  iU.  iv.  v.  vh.  and  viu. 

"Notes  &  Queries"  is  registered  for  transmission  abroad, 

■R.o,,.  riiRE  of  Severe  Cold  by  Dr.  Locock's  Pulmonic  "Wafers. 
"To  Mr    wfnnall.  Bookseller,  108,  High  Street,  Birmingham  :  I  had 

llfETALLIC  PEN  MAKER  TO  THE  QUEEN. 

VI      TOciFPH  GILLOTT  respectfully  directs  the  attention  ot  the 
C^!5imi°eL7pu\w  of  all  ^lo  use  Steel  P^^^^ 
excellence  of  his  productions   wh^chfo^^^^^^ 

^Sl.^"o"f ^ve^'  DeTl^f'i^n^l'{w{rld^  at  the  Works 

Graham   Street,  Birmingham;  91,  John  btieet,  JMCW    lors.,   auu. 

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gt  llcMiim  af  ^iwtnmmmmim 


LITERARY    MEN,    GENERAL    READERS,    ETC, 

"  "Wlien  foun;:!,  make  a  note  of."  —  Captain  Cuttle. 


No.  264. 


Saturday,  January  19,  1867. 


f  \7itli  Index,  price  lOd. 
(.Stamped  Edition,  lid. 


Now  ready,  in  crcnvn  4 to,  -with  Portrait,  price  IGs.  cloth, 
QOME  ACCOUNT  of  the  LIFE  and  OPINIONS 
O  of  a  FIFTK-MOXAECHY  MAX,  chiefly  extracted 
from  the  Writings  of  John  EoGKr.s,"  Preacher.  Edited 
by  Rev.  E.  Kogeks,  M.A.  Student  of  Ch.  Ch.  Oxford. 

London  :  LONGMANS,  GUEEI-T,  and  CO..  Paternoster  Korr. 

Becker's  ciiakicles  and  gallus,  new  editions. 
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nHARICLES ;  or,  Illustrations  of  the  Private 
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i.-ursuses.  By  Prof.  W.  A.  Beciceu.  Translated  by  the 
Rev.  F.  Metcalfe,  M.A. 

By  the  same  Translator,  uniformly  printed,  price  7s.  Cd. 

BECKER'S  GALLUS  ;  or.  Roman  Scenes  of  the 
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London  :  LONGIIANS,  GREEN,  and  CO.,  raternosler  Row. 


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ST.  JOHN'S  GOSPEL— AUTHENTICITY. 

In  Reply  to  Correspondent  P.  F.  31.,  "  X.  &  Q."  Jan.  5. 
TN  KITTO'S    CYCLOPiEDIA    OF    BIBLICAL 

X  LITEKATimE,  new  edition,  just  published,  the  article  en  the 
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ner : —  1.    Ge>U]>K>KSS.— 2.     IaTEGRITV.— 3.     DjJSIGN.— 4.    C".NTE,\Ti.  — 5. 

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WHAT  WILL  THIS    COST  TO  PRINT; 
An  immediate  ansv 
Types,  with  information 
tion  to 

R.  BARRETT  &  SONS,  13,  Mark  Lane,  London. 


ATOTHING  IMPOSSIBLE.— The  greatest  and 

1^^  most  useful  invention  of  the  day,  AGUA  AMARELLA-Messrs. 
JOHN  GOSNELL  &  CO.,  Red  Bull  Wharf,  93,  Upper  Thames  Street 
{late  Three  King  Court,  Lombard  Street),  perfumers  to  Her  Majesty,  re- 
spectfully offer  to  the  public  this  truly  marveUous  fluid ,  which  gradually 
restores  the  human  hair  to  its  pristine  hue— no  matter  at  what  age. 
The  Agua  Amarella  has  none  of  the  properties  of  dyes  ;  it,  on  the  con- 
trary, is  beneficial  to  the  system,  and,  when  the  hair  is  once  restored, 
one  application  per  month  will  keep  it  in  perfect  colour.  Pnce  one 
guiuea  per  bottle  ;  half  bottles,  10s.  6rf.  Testimonials  from  artistes  of 
the  highest  order,  and  from  individuals  of  undoubted  respectability, 
maybe  inspected.  Messrs.  Jno.  Gosnell  and  Co.  have  been  appointed 
perfumers  to  H.R.H.  the  Princess  of  Wales. 


FOR  RESTORING  the  HAIR,  strengthening  the 
roots,  and  preventing  it  from  turning  srey,  the  most  useful  toilet 
requisite  is  OLDRIDGE'S  BALM  of  COLUMBIA,  which  may  be  ob- 
tained from  all  chemists  and  perfumers,  or  direct  from  the  proprietors, 
C.  and  A.  Oldridge,  22,  Wellington  Street,  Strand,  London,  in  bottles 
at  3s.  6d.,  6s.,  and  1  Is,  each. 


3'd  S.  XI.  Jax.  19,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


49 


LONDON,  SATURDAY,  JANUARY  19,  18G7. 


CONTENTS.— N"  264. 


NOTES:  — The  late  Joseph  Robertson,  Esq.,  LL.D.,  Edin- 
hureh,  49  —  Restoration  of  a  Paolo  Veronese,  lo.—  Ihe 
Sabbath,"  not  merely  a  Puritan  Term,  50  —  The  •'  Naked 
Bed,"  51  —  Notice  of  a  remarkable  Sword,  Ih.  —  Im- 
promptu by  Heber  —  English  without  Articles  —  Elections 
in  Scotland  in  1722  -  Epitaphs  —  Luther  and  Erasmus  — 
Sacred  Treasure  Trove,  52. 

CUBBIES :—  Priorv  of  St.  Robert,  Knaresborough,  and  Sir 
Benry  Slingsby,  !>i3  — The  Altar-piece  in  the  Church  of  St. 
Martin's-in-the-Fields  —  Archdeacons  — Block  on  which 
Charles  I.  was  beheaded  —  False  Hair  —  Hitchcock,  a 
Spinet-maker  — The  Countess  of  Kent  and  the  Precuict 
of  Whitefriars  —  Kensington  Church  and  Oliver  Cromwell 
—  Archibald  Macaulay  —  Engraved  British  Portraits  — 
John  Purling  —  Raleigh  at  his  Prison  Window  —  Roddy 
Roeers  — A  Short  Range  — "Strictures  on  Lawyers  — 
Lady  Tanfield  —  Wooden  Effigy  of  a  Priest  —  Xiccha  — 
Yorkshire  Saying,  54. 

QuEEiES  WITH  AifSWEES:  — Arthur  Warwick  —  Purchas 
Family  —  "  A  Letter  from  Albemarle  Street  "  —  St.  Simon 
Stock  —  Cardinal  Beaton  --  Miantonomah,  57. 

REPLIES:- Rev.  Dr.  Charles  O'Conor's  "History  of  the 
House  of  O'Couor,"  59  —  Church  Towers  used  as  Fortresses, 
60  —  Herebericht  Presbyter  :  the  Monkwearmouth  Exca- 
vations, 61 -Dante  Query,  76.  —  Venerable  Bede,  62  — 
Edward  Norgate—  Hannah  Lightfoot  —  Caution  to  Book- 
Buyers— Breech- Loaders— Rev.  Wm.  Chafln,  Author  of 
"  Cranbourn  Chase  "  —  The  Order  of  St.  Maurice  and  St. 
Lazarus  —  Royal  Arms  of  Prussia  —  Stricken,  or  well 
stricken,  in  Years,  or  iu  Age— Book  Inscription  —The 
Renians  —  Betting—  Levesell  —  Christmas  Box—  Pronun- 
ciation of  English:  Rome,  Room,  &c.,  62. 

Notes  on  Books,  &c. 


THE  LATE  JOSEPH  ROBERTSON,  ESQ.,  LL.D., 

EDINBURGH. 

[from  a  CORRESPOKDENT.] 

To  many  of  our  readers — more  especially  Scot- 
tisli  ones — the  name  of  Joseph  Robertson  is  doubt- 
less well  known.  At  a  time  when  his  ripe  historical 
scholarship,  and  his  astute  antiquarian  knowledge 
and  research,  were  obtaining  that  notice  which 
they  ought  to  have  had  long  before,  Dr.  Robert- 
son has  suddenly  been  taken  away,  having  died 
at  Edinburgh  on  December  13.  With  him  have 
perished  many  valuable  stores  of  learning,  which, 
had  his  life  been  spared,  would  have  added  much 
to  the  clearing  up  of  truths  around  which  are  still 
collected  mists  of  difficulty  and  doubt. 

Dr.  Robertson's  first  antiquarian  publication 
was  a  volume  entitled  The  Book  of  Bon- Accord, 
full  of  historical  and  archaeological  information 
concerning  his  native  ■  city,  i^berdeen.  He  was 
one  of  the  chief  founders  of  the  Spalding  Club 
(instituted  18.39) — a  society  which,  perhaps  more 
than  any  other,  has  contributed  towards  the  en- 
riching of  the  history  of  the  northern  counties  in 
Scotland. 

For  this  club  Dr.  Robertson  edited  various 
works,  amongst  which  were — The  Diary  of  Ge- 
neral Patrick  Gordon,  Collections  for  the  History 
of  the  Shires  of  Aberdeen  and  Banff,  and  Illustra- 
tions of  the  Topography  of  the  Shires  of  Aberdeen 


and  Banff.  In  Glasgow,  where  he  resided  for 
some  time,  valuable  assistance  was  also  rendered 
by  him  to  the  Maitland  Club. 

In  1853  Dr.  Robertson  was  appointed  Curator 
of  the  Historical  Department  of  Her  Majesty's  Re- 
gister House,  Edinburgh.  There  he  found  a  con- 
genial sphere  for  his  labours ;  and  all  who  have 
ever  had  occasion  to  solicit  his  aid — they  are  not 
a  few — in  searching  the  important  documents 
under  his  charge,  will  testify  to  the  readiness  and 
courtesy  with  which  he  afforded  every  assistance 
in  his  power.  For  his  office  Dr.  Robertson  was 
peculiarly  qualified,  being  gifted  with  wonderful 
industry  and  acuteness,  which  caused  all  difficulty 
in  the  perusal  of  old  manuscripts  to  vanish  before 
his  penetrating  eye.  He  it  was  who,  along  with 
his  friend  Sir  James  Y.  Simpson,  discovered  the 
first  Runic  inscriptions  on  the  souterraine  at  Maes- 
how.  His  principal  works  while  in  the  Register 
House  were — An  Inventory  of  the  Jetvels  and  Per- 
sonal Property  of  Queen  Mary,  with  an  elaborate 
preface,  for  the  iBannatyne  Club  ;  and  a  work  for 
the  same  society — which  he  just  lived  to  see  pub- 
lished— Statida  Ecclesice  Scoticance,  being  an  au- 
thoritative collection  of  the  canons  and  councils 
of  the  ancient  Scotch  Church.  It  is  matter  of 
regret  that  this  last  publication  will  be  accessible 
only  to  scholars,  and  to  these  in  a  limited  degree. 
An  attached  member  of  the  Church  (Episcopal) 
in  Scotland,  Dr.  Robertson  is  said  to  have  had 
in  contemplation  a  history  of  the  great  seven- 
teenth century  divines  of  the  Episcopal  Church  in 
that  country. 

An  article  from  Dr.  Robertson's  pen,  in  the 
Quarterly  Review  (1849),  on  the  ''Ecclesiastical 
Architecture  of  Scotland,"  is  still  regarded  as  the 
standard  authority  on  the  point,  and  at  the  time 
won  the  high  approbation  of  the  editor,  Mr.  Lock- 
hart. 

It  is  unnecessary  for  us  to  speak  of  Dr.  Robert- 
son's private  life ;  but  it  suffices  to  say,  that  to 
know  him  was  to  love  him.  He  was  for  some 
time  one  of  the  Vice-Presidents  of  the  Society  of 
Antiquaries  of  Scotland.* 

"     .     .     .     .    Nothing  could  subdue 
His  keen  desire  of  knowledge,  nor  efface 
Those  brighter  images  by  books  imprest 
Upon  his  memory." 


RESTORATION  OF  A  PAOLO  VERONESE. 

The  interesting  account  given  in  "N.  &  Q.," 
January  5,  of  the  restoration  of  the  Westminster 
portrait  of  Richard  II.  under  the  surveillance  of 
Mr.  George  Richmond,  must  naturally  attract  the 
attention  of  all  persons  connected  with  the  conser- 
vation of  pictures.     The  result  of  Mr.  Richmond's 


[•We  may  add,  that  an  excellent  account  of  this  ripe 
scholar  and  Scottish  antiquary,  appeared  in  the  Scotsman 
newspaper  of  December  14,  18G6. — Ed.] 


50 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[Sr-i  S.  XI.  Jax.  19,  '67. 


zeal  and  judf^ment  happily  verifies  the  prediction 
of  M.  Burtin,  the  distinguished  amateur,  who 
■wrote  — 

"  Ce  serait  done  reVe'nenient  le  plus  heureux  pour  I'art 
et  pour  des  amateurs,  si  les  artistes  vraiment  dignes  de 
ce  nom,  re'uoiKjant  au  pvejuge  ridicule  qui  leur  fait 
craindre  de  s'avilir  en  reparant  les  belles  productions  des 
anciens  peintres,  voulaient  bien  croii-e  enfin,  qu'au  lieu 
de  s'avilir  par  un  talent  de  plus  on  en  devient  plus  esti- 
mable." 

I  take  leave  to  think  that  a  hrief  note  of  a 
somewhat  analogous  case  coming  immediately 
under  my  own  knowledge  may  not  be  unimpor- 
tant. A  half-length  portrait  of  a  Venetian  lady 
in  a  rich  gold-embroidered  white  silk  dress  — 
somewhat  remarkable  for  emhonpoint — purporting 
to  be  the  portrait  of  the  daughter  of  the  Doge 
Moncenigo,  painted  by  Paolo  Veronese,  was  pre- 
sented to  our  gallery  very  lately  by  Mr.  Joseph 
Duckett,  an  Irish  gentleman.  While  the  dress 
and  other  parts  of  the  picture  appeared  in  sound 
condition,  it  was  quite  obvious  to  me  that  the  face 
and  hands  had  been  much  painted  over.  The 
picture  bad  been  badly  lined,  so  in  the  first  in- 
stance I  had  it  carefully  double  lined.  The 
original  canvass  is  evidently  prepared  with  the 
absorbent  tempera  ground  used  so  much  by  the 
Venetians.  On  close  investigation,  I  came  to  the 
conclusion  that  the  repaint  must  be  removed.  I 
took  the  matter  in  hand  myself,  and  found  by 
experiment  upon  one  of  the  hands  that  it  had  been 
entirely  repainted ;  and  on  removing  the  comparar 
tively  modern  work,  found  the  original  hand  pure 
and  'in  good  preservation.  This  encouraged  me 
to  ascertain  how  far  the  face  might  have  been 
similarh'  tampered  with.  And  here  I  must  pre- 
mise, that  if  I  had  had  the  least  suspicion  of  the 
actual  fact  which  I  subsequently  discovered,  I 
should  have  adopted  Mr.  Schaef's  excellent  pre- 
caution by  taking  an  accurate  sketch  of  the  face 
then  appearing ;  but  I  did  not  anticipate  that  I 
had  to  deal  with  any  but  so-called  restoration  of 
injured  parts.  The 'fact  is,  I  took  olf  an  entire 
face ;  I  washed  off,  so  to  say,  a  hazel-eyed,  golden- 
haired,  dollish  face,  shown  in  what  is  technically 
termed  three-quarter,  and  brought  to  light  the 
true  original,  presenting  a  totally  different  face, 
almost  profile,  with  blue-grey  eyes  and  almost 
flaxen  hair,  and  in  sound  condition  with  the  ex- 
ception of  those  fine  cracks  which  inevitably  occur 
in  old  pictures.  "What  seems  most  curious  is  that 
the  new  features  were  not  painted  over  the  origi- 
nal ones.  The  only  parts  of  the  lady's  portrait 
thus  victimised  which  were  turned  to  use  were 
the  cheek,  ear,  and  portion  of  the  hair,  which  was 
brought  to  the  desired  colour  by  rich  glazing. 
What  the  object  of  the  change  was  I  do  not  un- 
dertake to  surmise;  but,  whoever  the  artist  or 
so-called  restorer  was,  who  was  guilty  of  such 
lese-mq/este  against  Paolo,  lie  had  cunning  enough  | 
to  alter  only  what  was  absolutely  necessary  to  the 


metamorphose,  leaving  the  dress,  a  fine  old  chair, 
and  rich-toned  crimson  curtains  almost  in  their 
original  condition.  Geoege  F.  Mtjlvaxt. 

National  Gallerv  of  Ireland. 


"THE  SABBATH,"  XOT  :\IEEELY  A  PURITAN 
TEEM. 
It  is  continually  said  that  the  use  of  the  word 
Sabbath  for  Sunday  or  the  Lord's  Day  was  a  Puri- 
tan peculira-ity,  and  that  the  adoption  of  the  term 
was  a  sufficient  indication  of  the  antiprelatic  party. 
However,  in  Cardwell's  Dociimentaj-y  Annals, 
ii.  23,  the  word  may  be  found  so  used  by  Arch- 
bishop Wliitgift  in  1591,  as  effectually  to  show 
that  it  was  certainly  no  badge  of  a  party.  He 
says :  — 

"  This  mischief  might  well  (in  myne  opinion)  be  re- 
dressed   by  catechisinge  and  instructing  in 

churches  of  yo-W'thes,  of  both  sexes,  in  the  Sabbath  daies. 
and  holy  dales  in  afternoones." 

It  has  often  been  thought  that  the  Puritan 
party  were  those  who  were  inclined  to  give  more 
freedom  of  preaching  than  their  opponents;  but 
so  far  from  this  being  the  case,  they  were  those 
who  showed  the  greatest  aversion  to  all  notion  of 
a  layman  preaching  at  any  time  or  in  any  place. 
A  curious  proof  of  this  was  given  in  the  Hamp- 
ton Court  Conference  (1603-1)  by  the  Puritan 
objectors,  where  it  is  said  in  the  23rd  Article  "  that 
it  "is  not  lawful  for  any  man  to  take  upon  him 
the  office  of  preaching  or  administering  the  sacra- 
ments in  the  •  congregation  before  he  be  lawfully 
called.  D.  Reinolds  took  exception  to  these  words, 
'in  the  congregation^  as  implying  a  lawfulnesse 
for  any  man  whatsoever,  out  of  the  congregation, 
to  preach  and  administer  the  sacraments,  though 
he  had  no  lawful  calling  thereunto.''  (Barlow's 
"  Summe  and  Substance  of  the  Conference  "  in 
Cardwell's  History  of  Conferences,  p.  179.) 

Many  now  seem  to  imagine  that  no  one  but  a 
Dissenter  can  call  Sunday  the  Sabbath.  Thus 
Mr.  Scrivener,'  in  his  Introduction  to  the  Criticism 
of  the  Neiv  Testament  (p.  04),  quotes,  in  a  foot-note 
from  Chrysostom,  ^-oTa  ^laf  a-a^pdrcnf  •/)  nal  Kard 
crdP^arov. 

"  I  cite  these  words  "  (he  says)  "  for  the  benefit  of  any 
one  whom  Dr.  Davidson  {Bibl  Crit.  ii.  19)  may  have  per- 
suaded that  crai3/3oTov  in  the  primitive  church  meant  Sun- 
day." 

On  looking,  however,  at  Dr.  Davidson's  Tolume 
it  will  be  seen  that  he  is  quoting  from  a  Cam- 
bridge divine,  subsequently  a  professor  of  divinity 
and  a  bishop  :  — 

"  I  have  seen  other  MSS.  in  which  the  Sundatj  is  marked 
at  the  beginning  of  each  lesson  which  is  to  be  read  on 
that  day  by  the  word  rrd^^aroy,  with  a  number  annexed 
to  it,"  &c.— Azotes  to  Michaelis,  ii.  907. 

These  are  the  words  of  Bishop  MarsJi,  to  whom, 
and  not  to  Dr.  Davidson,  the  reproof  of  Mr.  Scri- 


S'-'i  S.  XI.  J.v:,'.  19,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUEEIES. 


A^^  ^!^  /^*^ 


51 


vener  should  have  been  directed.  And,  further, 
if  Mr.  Scrivener  had  looked  at  the  corrections  in 
Dr.  Davidson's  volume  (p.  ix.)  he  might  have 
seen  hov?  the  dissenter  had  corrected  the  bishop  on 
this  very  point — "  crajSjSaToj' does  not  mean  Sunday, 


IS  Marsh  savs,  but  iveeli. 


LiELITJS. 


THE  "  NAKED  BED." 

The  following  passage  from  Charles  Eeade's 
Cloister  and  the  Hearth  (i.  301,  Triibner,  1862), 
induces  me  to  propound  a  query  as  to  the  time 
when  the  universal  practice  of  the  "  naked  bed," 
as  it  was  termed,  was  abolished,  and  the  custom 
introduced  of  putting  on  night  raiment  on  retiring 
to  rest : — 

"  In  the  morning,  Gerard  woke  infinitely  refreshed,  and 
v.'as  for  rising,  but  found  himself  a  close  prisoner.  His 
linen  had  vanished.  Now  this  was  parah-sis,  for  the 
night-gown  is  a  recent  institution.  In  Gerard's  centur_v, 
and  indeed  long  after,  men  did  not  ])lay  fast  and  loose 
with  clean  sheets  (when  they  could  get  Xhem),  but  crept 
into  them  clothed  with  their  innocence,  like  Adam." 

In  Fronde's  History  of  Enyland,  ix.  471  (one  of 
the  new  volumes),  the  following  statement  occurs 
in  a  note,  from  which  I  think  it  may  be  inferred 
that  Queen  Elizabeth  was  in  bed  in  cuerpo  on  the 
occasion  mentioned :  — 

"The  old  stories  were  still  current  about  Leicester's 
intimacy  with  Elizabeth.  La  Mothe  says  that  Norfolk, 
at  Arundel's  suggestion,  remonstrated  with  Leicester 
about  it  .  .  .  .  et  le  taxa  de  ce  qu'ayant  I'entree  comme 
il  a  dans  la  chambre  de  la  Reyne,  lorsqu'elle  est  an  lict, 
il  s'estoit  ingere  de  luy  bailler  la  chemise  au  lieu  de  sa 
dame  d'honneur,  et  de  hazarder  de  luy-mesme  de  la  baisser 
sans  y  estre  convoye." 

In  the  account  of  the  public-house  brawl  at  the 
Clachan  of  Aberfoil  in  Rob  Roy,  Scott  says :  — 

"And  as  for  the  slumberers  in  those  lairs  by  the  wall, 
which  sen-ed  the  family  for  beds,  they  only  raised  their 
shirtless  bodies  to  look  at  the  fray,  ejaculating  •  Oigh ! 
Oigh! '  in  a  tone  suitable  to  their  respective  sex  and  ages, 
and  were,  I  believe,  fast  asleep  again,  ere  our  swords  were 
well  returned  to  their  scabbards." 

I  am  of  opinion  that  Scott's  accuracy,  even  in 
his  fictions,  as  to  a  detail  of  costume  (or  rather  the 
want  of  it  in  the  present  instance)  may  be  fully 
relied  on  ;  still  I  do  not  place  any  great  stress  on 
the  foregoing,  as  it  is  possible  that  he  may  have 
meant  the  poverty  only,  and  not  the  will,  of  those 
honest  Highlanders,  to  have  consented  to  their 
.shirtless  condition. 

The  "night-gown,"  which  is  constantly  men- 
tioned as  a  garment  used  in  olden  times,'was,  I 
take  it,  our  modern  dressing-gown.  I  give  an 
instance  from  a  notice  of  "  Haynes's-  Burghley 
Papers,"  in  the  Retrospective  Review,  xv.  219  :  — 

"At  Seymor  Place  when  the  Queue  lay  there  he 
(Admiral  Seymour)  did  use  a  while  to  come  up  every 
mornyng  in  his  night  gown  bare  legged  in  his  slippers, 
where  he  commonlj'  found  the  Lady  Elizabeth  up  at  hir 


boke  :  and  then  he  would  loke  in  at  the  gallery-dore  and 
bid  ni}^  Lady  Elizabeth  good  morrow,  and  so  go  his 
way." 

H.  A.  Kexnedt. 
Gav  Street,  Bath. 


NOTICE  OF  A  REMARKABLE  SWORD. 

Some  twenty  years  ago  I  saw  in  a  broker's 
shop  in  London  an  old  sword.  Its  form  struck 
me  as  being  unusual,  so  I  bought  it  on  the  spot  for 
a  small  sum,  and  carried  it  away  then  and  there. 
The  blade  is  only  two  feet  and  a  quarter  of  an 
inch  in  length,  but  an  inch  and  a  half  in  breadth ; 
it  is  of  the  faulcion  type,  with  deep  grooves  and 
perforations  in  the  "forte,"  where  it  has  been 
"  blued  "  and  gilded  according  to  the  bad  taste 
of  the  eighteenth  century.  The  rest  of  the 
blade  is  etched  to  resemble  the  watering  of  a  so- 
called  Damascus  blade.  On  one  side  is  the  cipher 
"  Ct  .  R"  surmounted  by  a  crown,  fixing  the  date 
temp.  George  I.  The  hilt  is  a  simple  bow,  with 
S  guard,  and  originally  possessed  two  oval  escut- 
cheons, one  of  which  was  missing  when  I  bought 
the  sword.  The  "grip"  is  of  ivory,  fluted  and 
ribbed.  All  the  metal  work  of  the  hilt  is  of 
blued  steel,  most  delicately  inlaid  (not  gilt)  with 
flowers  in  gold ;  and  on  an  oval  in  the  centre  of 
the  "  bow  "  are  the  initials  "  C.  S.  "  intertwined 
also  in  gold. 

The  weapon  is  evidently  a  naval  one,  and  must 
have  belonged  to  some  officer  of  distinction:  it 
was  probably  a  presentation  sword,  for  on  my 
showing  it  to  the  late  Mr.  Wilkinson  of  Pall  Mall, 
he  assured  me  that  the  hilt  alone  must  have  cost 
at  least  twenty  pounds,  and  that  he  doubted  if  the 
lost  bit  of  steel  could  be  replaced  for  five  pounds. 
Well,  the  sword  hung  on  the  wall  of  my  room 
for  five  years  and  more,  when,  walking  one  day 
through  Wardour  Street,  and  looking  into  the 
window  of  a  small  shop  there,  I  espied,  lying 
amongst  dismounted  seal-stones,  beads,  and  such 
like,  the  missing  escutcheon  of  my  sword  !  It  was 
a  thing  that  might  have  been  used  as  a  brooch, 
or  for  the  top  of  a  snufli'-box;  it  had  probably 
done  duty  in  the  latter  capacity  after  its  di- 
vorcement from  its  lawful  position.  I  bought 
it,  and  found  that  it  fitted  the  vacant  place  ex- 
actly, and  the  sword  was  thereby  restored  to  its 
normal  state.  As  for  the  scabbard,  there  was  one 
of  leather  when  I  saw  the  sword  first,  but  both 
mouthpiece  and  chape  were  gone ;  they  had  no 
doubt  been  inlaid  in  the  same  beautiful  manner 
as  the  hilt.  As  the  old  sheath  only  tended  to 
rust  the  blade,  I  burnt  it.  Showing  the  weapon 
the  other  day  to  a  literary  friend,  a  well-known 
correspondent  of  ''  N.  &  Q.,"  I  observed  that  it 
was  a  pity  the  good  blade  had  neither  "  voice  nor 
language,"  or  it  could  tell  us  tlie  name  of  the 
man  of  mark  to  whom  it  no  doubt  once  belonged. 
My    companion    at    once    said,   "Sir   Cloudesly 


52 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[S'-'i  S.  XI.  Jan.  19,  '67. 


Sliovell— why  not  ?  tlie  sword  is  a  naval  one  ; 
the  date  of  George  I.  coincides ;  from  the  costly 
nature  of  the  mounting  it  probably  belonged  to  a 
man  of  rank,  and  there  are  the  initials  '  C.  S.'  to 
bear  out  my  opinion."  It  was,  at  any  rate,  an 
ingenious  one,  and  likely  enough  to  be  correct; 
though,  without  data,  and  at  this  distance  of  time, 
of  course  incapable  of  proof. 

W.  J.  Beknhaed  Smith. 
Temple. 


IirPKOMPTTT  BY  Hebee.  —  I  remember  when  a 
boy  reading  The  Recluse  of  Nonoay  by  Miss  Porter, 
and  calling  the  attention  of  Reginald  Heber,  then 
rector  of  Hodnet,  who  was  staying  in  the  same 
house,  to  the  following  passage  :  — 

"  With  Theodore  the  tongue  was  a  secondary  organ  of 
speech  ;  he  discoursed  principally  with  his  eyes." 

Heber,  taking  the  volume  to  the  library  table, 
wrote  in  his  neat  hand  on  the  margin  of  the  book^ 
■which  1  now  possess,  the  following  impromptu : — 
"  I've  read  in  a  book,  with  no  little  surprise. 
Of  a  man  who'd  a  tongue,  but  M'ho  talk'd  with  his  eyes. 
Which  led  me,  pursuing  the  jest,  to  suppose 
He  smelt  with  his  ears,  and  he  heard  with  his  nose." 
R.  E.  E.  W. 

English  without  Articles.  —  It  is  worth 
noting  that  Sir  William  Davenant  contrived  to 
write  a  poem,  ''The  London ' Vacation,"  almost 
without  the  use  of  articles.  In  the  course  of  162 
lines,  the  only  occui's  about  four  times,  and  a 
about  thrice.  The  effect  is  rather  odd,  as  may  be 
seen  from  this  specimen :  — 

"  jSTow  wight  that  acts  on  stage  of  Bull 

In  scullers'  bark  does  lie  at  Hull, 

Which  he  for  pennies  two  does  rig, 

All  day  on  Thames  to  bob  for  grig. 

Whilst  fencer  poor  does  by  him  stand 

In  old  dung-lighter,  hook  in  hand  ; 

Between  knees  rod,  with  canvas  crib 

To  girdle  tied,  close  under  rib ; 

Where  worms  are  put,  which  must  small  fish 

Betray  at  night  to  earthen  dish." 

It  may  be  noted,  too,  that  grig  here  occurs  in 
the  sense  of  a  little  eel.  (See  3"*  S.  x.  413.) 

Walter  W.  Skeat, 

Elections  in  Scotland  in  1722. — 

"  Madam, — 

"  The  obligations  I  am  under  to  your  friend  the 
Justice  Clerck  makes  me  fond  to  doe  something  that  may 
be  agreable  to  him,  at  least  to  offer  what  information  I 
can  learn  in  relation  to  some  affaires  in  which  he  I  sup- 
pose does  take  concern. 

"  I  wrote  my  Lord  Rothes  some  posts  agoe,  anent  the 
towns  throw  which  I  passed  as  I  came  North  which  his 
son  and  Collonell  Kerr  are  concerned  in,  if  it  can  be  of 
use  I  suppose  ye  Justice  Clerck  is  known  to  it :  but 
what  I'm  now  to  offer,  is  further  and  latter  information, 
namely,  I'm  certainly  informed  from  some  who  were 
present  with  Collonell  Midleton,  y'  he  judges  himself 
now  secure  of  that  district  of  Burroghs,  haveing  brought 


a  blank  commission  for  a  company  in  his  Eegiment  y* 
lately  has  become  vacant,  and  presented  it  to  Logie  Scot, 
who  in  return  promised  him  his  vote  for  Montross,  and  I 
believe  Bervie  and  Breechan  may  be  his,  Dogge  son  being^ 
provided  in  a  post  under  Duke  of  Argj-le,  and  Midleton 
himself  Provost  of  Bende,  if  these  continew  his  friends, 
Collonell  Ker  will  be  cast.  Therfore  to  provide  him  in  case 
I  have  no  use  for  them  myself  if  my  Lord  Kintore  be  pre- 
vailed with  to  write  me  to  be  for  him  faileing  of  myself,  he 
may  purchase  Bamf  without  very  great  expence.  Bamf 
has  chose  its  deligate  alreadj%  ane  Provost  Stewart,  but 
he  is  poor  and  will  be  prevailed  with  on  considerations 
to  goe  any  way,  so  if  my  Lord  Kintore  is  prevailed  with, 
and  money  or  credite  sent  me,  for  which  I  shall  account, 
I  could  promise  on  success,  and  I  believe  from  the  situa- 
tion of  my  affaires  in  ye  shire,  I  shall  have  no  use  for 
them.  Bamf  unless  applyed  in  this  maner  and  well 
manadged  is  Collonell  Campbells,  Mr.  Fraser  haveing^ 
lossed  it  by  one  vote.  This  I  thought  proper  to  acquaint 
you  of,  y*  you  might  la}^  it  before  the  Justice  Clerck  as 
you  shall  judge  right.  I  have  not  time  to  enlarge  on  it 
haveing  severall  despatches  and  letters  to  order  this 
night.  I  hope  to  see  my  father  at  Aberdeen  on  Monday. 
I  am  in  duety  and  affection.  Madam,  your  most  obedient 
Son  and  Ser"', 

•  "  Akch.  Grant. 

«  Old  Deer,  March  31",  1722." 

The  writer  of  this  letter,  which  was  copied  by 
me  from  the  original  preserved  in  his  family,  was 
the  eldest  son  of  Francis  Grant,  Baronet  of  K^ova 
Scotia  (1705),  and  a  Lord  of  Session,  imder  the 
title  of  Lord  Cullen  (1709).  The  Justice  Clerk 
named  by  the  writer  was  Adam  Cockbum  of 
Arnieston,  created  J.  C.  in  1707. 

W.  C.  Trevelxan. 

Epitaphs.  —  If  any  further  arguments  were 
wanted  to  prove  the  necessity  of  recording  monu- 
mental inscriptions,  the  following  examples  would 
be  useful.  I  shall  be  extremely  glad  if  any  one 
can  supply  what  is  wanting.  The  first  is  on  a 
stone  forming  part  of  the  pavement  of  St.  Mary's 
churchyard,  Hull.  It  is  to  the  memory  of  Henry 
Chambers,  Mayor  of  Hull,  who  died  in  1632  :  — ■ 

dEATH   ERST   CONTENT   IN   LOWER      .      .      .      [sphere] 

DID  TAKE  UP  LATELY  CHAMBERS  .    .      [dear,  or here] 

and   MORTALLY   TO   SMELL   (?")      .      .      . 

LIKE   PHARAOH    FROGS  THE    (?)    .      .      . 

YET   AS   HE   GAVE   HE   DID    RECEIVE      . 

FOR   WHOME   HE   SLEW   HE        .... 

AND   THEREFORE   AFTER   HE   T      .      .      . 

THE   SOULI5   IX   TRIUMPH   TROD    UPON   . 

AND   LEAUING   HIM   HER[e]nOW        .      .       [at  reSt] 

TOOK   UP  NEW   HARBOUR   MOXGST     .      .      [the  blcst] 

PiiS   EST  PROFECT 

QUAM   PUTAS  MORTE. 

Gent,  whose  histories  aboimd  with  inscriptions, 
oinfortunately  does  not  record  this  one.  I  re- 
gretted to  learn  that  several  tombstones,  which, 
when  he  wrote  his  History  of  Hull  (1735),  were 
within  the  attar-rails  of  St.  Mary's,  are  now  laid 
flat  in  the  churchyard. 

The  second  is  on  the  west  side  of  one  of  the 
buttresses  of  the  south  transept,  Beverley  Min- 
ster :  — 


S'-'i  S.  XI.  Jan.  10,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


53 


BELOAV 

Y 

XD       .... 

UGA     .      .      .    s 

FABEICK   IX 

ERECTED   T      

AT  THE   ENT 

THE   CHOIK 

BUILT  THR 

ON   THE   SO 

&C 
.      .   DIED    S R 

.     .  26th  176      

N  .   .  R   TO   T 

A  .    .   O  ANN 

R   P. 

It  is  on  soft  stone  which  is  rapidly  crumbling 
away.  Of  course  many  of  the  blanks  can  be  filled 
up  with  certainty.  From  various  expressions  used, 
and  as  the  tablet  bears  the  square  and  compasses, 
it  is  evident  the  deceased  was  a  mason.  I  cannot 
find  anything  to  help  me  in  the  local  histories. 

W.  C.  B. 

Hull. 

LrTHEE  AND  Eeasmits.  —  Mr.  WifFen,  in  his 
Life  and  IVritings  of  Juan  de  Valdes  (London, 
186.5,)  repeats  at  p.  36  a  common  misstatement 
that  Erasmus  vsrote  on  Free  Will  in  answer  to 
Luther,  A  note  may,  therefore,  be  made  of  the 
fact,  that  Erasmus  assailed  Luther  with  a  book 
on  Free  Will,  and  the  latter  was  thus  compelled 
to  reply  to  Erasmus.  Luther  did  not  write  De 
Libera  Arhitrio,  but  De  Servo  Arhitrio.  Erasmus 
was  then  in  his  turn  thrown  upon  the  defensive, 
but  he  was  the  real  aggressor.  D.  C.  A.  A. 

S ACHED  Treasure  Trove. — It  is  stated  that 
the  Palestine  Exploration  Committee  intend  to 
direct  their  researches  next  year  to  the  supposed 
sites  of  the  Temple  and  holy  places  at  Jerusalem  ; 
and,  if  the  consent  of  the  Turkish  authorities  can 
be  procured,  it  is  very  probable  that  excavations 
in  the  vaults,  now  choked  with  rubbish,  beneath 
the  Harem  area,  as  well  as  in  sundry  other  places 
where  subsidence  or  irregularities  of  structure 
might  induce  suspicion  of  stones  having  been  re- 
moved and  subsequently  replaced  in  the  older 
walls,  would  be  productive  of  sundiy  curious  and 
valuable  discoveries  of  vastly  greater  interest  to 
the  Christian  archfeologist  than  the  stone  cutleiy 
of  that  mythical  personage,  pre- Adamite  man. 

After  rebuilding  of  the  second  Temple  there 
were  five  remarkable  occasions  when  treasure 
and  precious  vessels  and  gemmed  ornaments  might 
have  been  concealed  by  priests  and  servitors  of 
the  sacred  edifice,  who  may  not  have  survived  to 
disclose  their  secret — (1)  during  the  abstraction 
and  sale  of  the  Temple  furniture  by  the  apostate 
high-priest  Menelaus,  175  a.c.  ;  followed  (2)  by 
the  plunder  and  defilement  of  the  Temple  by  An- 


tiochus  Epiphanes ;  (3)  the  plimder  of  the  Temple 
by  Crassus,  53  a.c.  ;  (4)  by  Sabinus,  4  A.c. ;  and 
(5)  its  total  destruction  by  the  Romans,  71  a.d. 

Michaelis,  in  his  Laxcs  of  Moses,  No.  Ixix.,  conjec- 
tured that  the  great  stones  on  which  the  Law  was 
engraved  (Dent,  xxvii.  1-8 ;  Josh.  viii.  30-35) 
would  be  hereafter  exhumed  from  the  soil  of 
Mount  Ebal ;  and  many  other  instances  might  be 
indicated  of  reliquite  likely  to  reward  the  zeal  of 
archjeological  research,  but  the  foregoing  hints 
will  suffice  for  the  pages  of  "  N.  &  Q."  J.  L. 

Dublin, 

eaunrtcff. 

PRIORY  OF  ST.  ROBERT,  KNARESBOROUGH, 
AND  SIR  HEXRY  SLINGSBY. 

Hargrove's  The  History  of  the  Castle,  Town,  and 
Forest  of  Knareshorough,  ed.  1798,  gives  a  short 
account  of  this  priory. 

Speaking  of  the  religious  of  the  Order  of  the 
Holy  Trinity  for  the  redemption  of  captives,  he 
says  (p.  76)  :  "  They  wore  white  robes  with  a 
red  and  blue  cross  upon  their  breasts."  And  in 
his  notice  of  "  Pannal,"  he  says,  that  "in  the 
church  there,  in  the  south  window  of  the  choir, 
in  painted  glass,  is  a  cross  patee  gules  and  azure, 
above  which  is  the  figure  of  a  large  Gothic  build- 
ing, perhaps  the  gateway  of  the  Priory  of  Knares- 
borough,  the  brethren  of  which  were  patrons  of 
this  church." 

I  find  in  ^' L' Histoire  de  V Etahlissement  des  Ordres 

Reliyieux par  Mr.  Hermant,  a  Eouen, 

M.DC.xcvii.,"  this  statement:  "Ces  religieux  por- 
tent im  habit  blanc,  avec  une  croix  rouge  et  bleue 
sur  I'estomac,  dont  la  figure  est  faite  de  huit  arcs 
de  cercle." 

I  visited  Pannal  in  1863.  The  shield  is  still 
there.  The  window  is  the  westmost  on  the  south 
side  of  the  chancel.  It  has  the  shield  in  the 
small  centre  opening  at  the  top.  Below  it  the 
window  consists  of  two  lights,  which  have  no 
stained  glass  in  them.  The  shield  is  ten  inches 
and  a  half  measured  down  the  middle,  and  eight 
inches  and  a  half  across ;  but  since  Hargrove  wrote 
it  has  been  injured.  It  shows,  argent,  across  pat(5e 
not  extending  to  the  sides  of  the  shield,  and  hav- 
ing its  extremities  not  flat  but  gently  sloped,  and 
ending  in  points  like  those  of  a  cross  moline.  The 
upright  piece  of  the  cross  is  gules,  the  transom 
azure.  But  the  dexter  half  of  the  transom  is 
gone ;  and  outside  the  cross,  on  the  sinister  side, 
a  piece  of  the  field  is  supplied  by  plain  window 
glass,  the  rest  being  finely  diapered.  On  a  chief 
gules  a  castle  triple-towered,  exactly  what  the 
Italians  blazon  "  Maschio  di  fortezza,"  or,  with 
the  portcullis  down,  sable,  between  two  oak  trees, 
leaved  and  acorned,  vert. 

I  disagree  with  Hargrove  in  his  thinking  that 
this  building  on  the  chief  was  meant  for  the  priory 


54 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[Sfd  S.  XI.  Jan.  19,  '67. 


gateway.  1  have  no  doubt  that  it  was  intended 
to  represent  Ivnaresborough  Castle,  once  the  lord- 
ship of  tlie  founder  of  the  priory,  Richard  Earl 
of  Cornwall.  Probably  these  arms  can  now  be 
seen  in  no  other  place. 

I  now  add  a  query.  When  Sir  Henry  Slingsby 
was  murdered  on  Tower  Hill  (1658),  after  a  trial 
by  Lisle  •  before  Cromwell's  pretended  "  High 
Court,"  he  was  brought  down  to  Ivnaresborough, 
and  buried  there  in  the  chapel  of  St.  Nicolas  in 
the  parish  church.  This  chapel  is  usually  called 
the  Slingsby  Chapel.  Being  cramped  for  room. 
those  who  built  his  tomb  ranged  it  north  and 
south  across  the  head  of  the  fine  Elizabethan 
tomb  of  his  grandfather  and  grandmother,  Francis 
and  Mary  (Percy)  Slingsby.  Sir  Henry's  tomb, 
a  raised  one,  is  covered  by  what  Hargrove  calls 
"  a  large  slab  of  black  marble,  six  feet  two  inches 
long,  by  four  feet  six  inches  broad,  and  sis  inches 
thick."  The  first  lines  of  the  inscription  on  it 
give  rise  to  my  query,  "  Sancti  Eoberti  hue 
saxum  advectum  est,  sub  eodemque  nunc  jacet 
hie  Henricus  Slingesby." 

Hargrove  adds,  ''  The  inscription  formerly  on 
this  stone  was  probably  on  a  plate  of  brass,  as  the 
small  cavities  now  filled  vdth  lead  by  which  the 
plate  was  fastened  to  the  stone  are  very  appa- 
rent." This  is  true.  Tlie  slab  has  been  rubbed 
down  to  get  a  new  face,  and  the  end  at  the  feet, 
that  is  the  south  end,  has  been  cut  ofl"  on  each  side 
to  form  half  a  hexagon,  which  is  the  shape  of  the 
south  end  of  the  tomb. 

I  ask,  can  any  one  give  me  fuller  information 
than  that  given  in  the  words  '-'hue  advectum 
est"? 

During  his  life,  till  the  very  last,  it  is,  I  think, 
quite  certain  that  Sir  Henry  Slingsby  was  a  Pro- 
testant. Noble,  in  his  CroumeU,  says  flatly,  '•  Sir 
Henry  Slingsby  was  a  loyal  Roman  Catholic." 
But  if  this  was  to  apply  to  the  time  when  he 
served  the  two  kings,  I  believe  Noble  to  have  been 
wrong.  Sir  Henry  Slingsby's  published  Diary 
must  convince  every  reader  that  he  lived  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Established  Church.  The  Diary  was 
never  seen  by  Noble.  But  I  think  that  in  the 
Tower,  when  under  sentence,  Sir  Henry  Slingsby 
was  by  some  means  reconciled  to  the  Catholic 
church. 

In  The  Catholique  Apology,  hj  a  Person  of 
Honour,  written  in  1660,  and  published  for  the 
third  edition  in  1674,  at  p.  674  is  "  a  List  of  those 
Catholicks  that  died  and  suffered  for  their  loyalty." 
Among  these  is  ''  Sir  Henry  Slingsby,  beheaded 
on  Towerhill."  His  name  is  repeated  at  p.  580 
among  "such  Catholicks  whose  estates  .  .  .  were 
sold  ...  for  their  pretended  delinquency."  In 
the  address  to  ''  aU  the  Royalists  that  suffered  for 
his  Majesty,"  dated  ''NoVemb.  11.  1006,"  the 
list  is  described  as  "  this  Bloody  Catalogue,  which 
contains  the  Names  of  vour  murthered  Friends 


and  Relations."     This  book  was  published  during 
the  lifetime  of  his  children. 

Dr.  Hewet,  who  suffered  at  the  same  time,  was 
prisoner  at  the  same  time  in  the  Tower:  and  Rey- 
nolds, Caryl,  Calamy,  and  Manton  were  desired 
by  Cromwell's  commissioners  to  go  to  them  both 
"  to  prepare  them  for  death."  In  any  case.  Sir 
Henry  would  have  rejected  .such  persons  as  these  : 
but,  in  his  ''Father's  Legacy  to  his  Sons,"  he 
makes  no  mention  of  seeing  any  one  else,  though 
Dr.  Hewet  was  at  hand.  To  mention  a  Catholic 
j  priest  was  impossible,  and  probably  it  was  only 
at  the  last  moment  that  he  secretly  obtained  ac- 
cess to  one. 

If  he  died  a  Catholic,  as  is  alleged,  then  the 
placing  St.  Robert's  stone  over  him  becomes  more 
intelligible.  The  stone  was  very  likely  to  be 
destroyed ;  at  all  events  to  be  misused.  His  grand- 
son. Sir  Thomas,  who  put  the  stone  on  the  tomb 
in  169-3,  though  not  a  Catholic  himself,  would 
have  a  feeling  of  sympathy  with  his  grandfather 
which  would  lead  him  to  do  such  a  thing.  His 
sympathy  with  the  glorious  cause  in  which  Sir 
Henry  suffered  is  expressed  in  the  strongest  lan- 
guage— "  Passus  est  fidei  in  Regem  legesque  pa- 
tiias  causa.  Non  periit  sed  ad  meliores  sedes 
translatus  est,  a  Tyranno  Crcmwellio  capite  mulc- 
tatus." 

I  therefore  make  my  query.  Is  any  tradition 
still  extant  of  the  removal  of  the  ''saxum  "  from 
its  original  place  to  the  tomb  upon  which  it  is 
now  seen  ?  D.  P. 

Stuarts  Lodge,  Malvern  Wells. 


The  Axtae-piece  in  the  Chuech  of  St. 
Maetln-'s-ix-the-Fields.  —  The  following  para- 
Sraph  is  copied  from  The  Caledonian  Mercury  of 
July  19,  1722 :  — 

"  His  Excellency  General  Nicholson  (to  sho-w  his  reli- 
gious regard  for  the  House  of  God)  has  sent  from  South 
Carolina,  of  which  place  he  is  the  Governor,  all  charges 
defrayed,  a  present  of  24  large  planks,  and  4  pillars  of 
cedar  wood  to  build  an  altar-piecs  in  the  new  church 
of  St.  Martin's-in-the-Fields,  which  is  received  accord- 
ingly." 

Is  this  altar-piece  stiU  existing  ? 

Wir.  HuxT. 

Hull. 

ApvChdeacons. — Under  "  Archediacre"  Cotgrave 
has  — 

"  Crotte  en  Archediacre.  Dag'd  vp  to  the  hard  heeles 
(for  so  were  the  Archdeacons  in  the  old  time  euer  wont  to 
be)  by  reason  of  their  frequent  and  toylesome  visita- 
tions." 

Was  this  the  case  in  England  as  well  as  in 
France  ?  Can  any  reader  give  any  quotations  to 
illustrate  Cotgrave's  statement  ?  F. 

Block  ox  which  Chaeles  I.  was  beheaded. 
It  may  possibly  interest  your  readers  that  I  was 
lately  informed,    on  seeing  a  picture  of  a  Lady 


3-<i  ?.  XI.  Jan.  19,  Gr,] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


55 


Fane,  that  she  was  married  first  to  Bishop  Juxon, 
chaplain  to  Ohailes  I.,  and  that  on  her  death  at 
Little  Compton,  near  Chipping  Norton,  on  the 
borders  of  Oxon  and  Gloucestershire,  the  block  on 
which  Charles  I.  had  his  head  cut  oft',  and  other 
relic?  of  him  were  sold.  It  would  be  a  curious 
inqjiiry,  what  is  become  of  this  block  ?  I  see  by 
referring  to  the  Gazetteer  that  there  was  an 
ancient  residence  at  Little  Compton  belonging  to 
Bishop  Juxon.  D.  B. 

False  Hair. — It  is  stated  that  in  Strasburg 
all  strict  Jewesses  wear  false  hair.  Does  this 
custom  apply  to  Jewesses  in  general,  and  can  any 
of  your  readers  give  an  explanation  of  it  ?         S. 

PIiTCHCOCK,  A  Spinet-maker.  —  Can  any  of 
your  readers  kindly  inform  me  when  ■  Thomas 
Hitchcock  manufactured  spinets  in  London,  and 
give  any  particulars  concerning  him  ?  One  of  his 
instruments,  of  considerable  antiquity,  is  now  in 
existence  at  Portland,  U.  S.,  and  I  am  desirous,  if 
possible,  to  know  its  age.  H.  T.  P. 

3,  Ladbrooke  Gardens,  W. 

The  Coitntess  of  Kent  and  the  Pre- 
cinct OE  Whitefriars.  —  Can  you  or  any  of 
your  correspondents  and  subscribers  furnish  me 
with  the  maiden  name  of  the  Right  Honourable 
Lady  Margaret,  Countess  of  Kent,  citizen  and 
freewoman  of  the  city  of  London,  who  was  the 
second  wife  of  Richard  Gray  de  Ruthin,  third 
Earl  of  Kent,  K.G.*  (created  May  3,  1465),  whom 
she  survived  ?  Slie  was  twice  married ;  the 
name  of  her  first  husband  is  unknown  (informa- 
tion is  also  requested  as  to  who  he  was),  but  he 
is  mentioned  in  her  will,  dated  December  2, 
1540,t  as  having  been  buried  in  the  parish  church 
of  St.  Anue's  within  Aldersgate,  London.  |  The 
earl  died  without  issue  in  1523  in  Whitefriars ; 
the  countess  "  at  her  house  in  Whitefriars  "  in 
December,  1540,  and  both  were  interred  in  the 
church  of  the  Precinct  of  Whitefriars,  which  was 
destroyed  soon  after  the  monasteries  were  dis- 
solved by  Henry  VIII.  The  countess  built  an 
almshouse  in  the  Precinct  in  1538  for  seven  poor 
freeworaen  of  the  Worshipful  Company  of  Cloth- 
workers,  which  building  she  bequeathed  to  tlie 
said  company.  The  house  was  destroyed  by  the 
great  fire  in  1608,  but  w^as  rebuilt  in  1668.  In 
1770,  the  building  being  in  a  decayed  state, 
another  was  erected  at  Islington,  to  which  the 
poor  alms-people  were  removed ;  and  in  1853,  in 
consequence   of  its  decay,  another  building  was 

*  The  earl's  lirst  wife  was  the  eklest  daughter  of  Sir 
WiUiara  Hiissev,  Knt.,  Chief  Justice  of  the  King's  Bench, 
May  7,  1482,  Ed w.  IV. 

t  Proved  in  IT.  M.  Prerogative  Court,  Doctors'  Com- 
mons, January  7,  1540—11. 

X  Partly  dcstroved  by  fire,  1548 ;  repaired,  1624 ;  de- 
stroyed by  fire,  16GG;  rebuilt,  16G8.  (Christopher  Wren, 
architect.)  The  church,  St.  John's  Zacharay,  burnt  1G66, 
now  united. 


erected  in  the  same  locality,  where  the  poor  women 
now  reside.  C.  F.  A. 

Kensington  Church  and  Oliver  Cromwell. 
The  old  Kensington  church  is  about  to  be  pulled 
down.  In  November  or  the  beginning  of  this 
month  mention  was  made  in  The  Times  of  some 
interesting  particulars  connected  with  the  church 
and  parish,  both  as  to  monuments,  persons  of  cele- 
brity, &c.  As  no  mention  was  taken  of  a  tablet 
which  recorded  the  charitable  feeling  of  that  dis- 
tinguished man,  Oliver  Cromwell,  can  any  of 
your  subscribers  inform  me,  and  other  readers  of 
your  valuable  work,  if  the  tablet  has  been  re- 
moved ?  I  think  it  was  near  the  entrance  of  the 
church.  If  it  has  been  taken  away,  where  is  it? 
Will  it  be  placed  in  the  new  church  ?  Can  it  be 
stated  what  was  the  annual  value  of  the  gift  at 
that  time,  and  what  is  its  present  value  ?  Where  is 
the  plot  of  ground  alluded  to  on  the  tablet,  and  to 
what  has  it  or  will  it  be  appropriated  ? 

H.  W.  F.,  Lineal  Descendant. 

Archibald  Macaulat  was  Lord  Provost  of 
Edinburgh  about  the  beginning  of  last  century. 
Wanted,  information  respecting  him.  Is  there 
any  work  which  gives  any  account  of  the  Lord 
Provosts  about  the  date  mentioned  ?       F.  M.  S. 

Engkvved  British  Portraits. — The  following' 
portraits  (paintings)  were  exhibited  in  the  late 
gathering  at  South  Kensington,  namely  — 

Rev.  Pi.ichard  Crackenthorpe,  D.D.  (from 
Queen's  College),  died  1624.     No.  509. 

Colonel  Thomas  Howard,  son  of  Sir  Francis 
Howard  of  Corbj^,  slain  1643.     No.  621. 

Sir  John  Bankes,  Chief  Justice  of  the  Common 
Pleas,  died  1644.     No.  625. 

.Tulien  Lady  Musgrave,  wife  of  Sir  Philip  Mus- 
grave  of  Eden  Hall,  died  1659.     No.  693. 

The  respective  artists  are  not  named  in  the 
authorised  Catalogue.  Permit  me  to  inquire, 
through  your  columns,  if  those  portraits  are  known 
to  have  been  engraved  ?  Ames,  Granger,  Noble, 
Bromley,  and  Evans,  and  all  other  catalogues  to 
which  i  have  referred  (including  those  of  the  col- 
lections of  Bindley,  Simco,  and  Sir  M.  M.  Sykes) 
are  alike  reticent  touching  any  of  them. 

John  Burton. 

Preston. 

John  Purling. — Why  was  John  Purling,  who 
contested  Shoreham  against  Thomas  Rumbold, 
called  by  Junius  a  Caribbu  ?  Who  was  Rumbold  ? 
Was  he  Sir  Thomas  Rumbold,  of  whom  there  was 
a  notice  in  "  N.  &  Q."  lately  ?  Sir  Thomas  ap- 
pears to  have  been  in  India  at  the  time. 

John  Wilkins,  B.C.L. 

Cuddington,  Aylesbury. 

Raleigh  at  his  Prison  Window. — Mr.  Baring- 
Gould,  in  his  Myths  of  the  Middle  Ages,  relates 
(from  Journal  de   Paris,   May,  1787)    the  story 


56 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[3'd  S.  XI.  Jan.  19,  '67. 


of  Raleigli  seeing  from  his  window  some  street 
commotion ;  being  afterwards,  in  his  relation  of 
the  same,  contradicted  detail  by  detail  by  another 
eye-witness ;  and  hence,  convinced  of  the  untrust- 
worthiness  of  all  e^ddence,  burning  the  MS.  of 
his  second  volume  of  History  of  the  World. 

Mr.  Baring-Gould  asks,  "Whence  did  the 
Journal  de  Paris  obtain  the  story  ?  "  I  reiterate 
here  the  same  question. 

The  story  I  have  often  met  with,  differing  much, 
however,  in  details.  Carlyle,  in  the  following  pas- 
sage, clearly  refers  to  a  different  version  from  that 
of  the  Journal  de  Paris :  — 

"  The  old  storj'  of  Sir  Walter  Raleigh  as  looking  from 
his  prison-window  on  some  street  tumult,  which  after- 
wards three  witnesses  reported  in  three  different  ways, 
himself  differing  from  them  all,  is  still  a  true  lesson  for 
us." — "  On  History,"  Essays,  vol.  ii.  p.  171. 

JoHw  Addis,  Juk. 

Roddy  Rogers. — From  The  Gentleman^ s  Maga- 
zine for  February,  1811,  p.  113,  I  copy  as  fol- 
lows :  — 

"  Eoddy  Eogers  was  born  in  the  village  of  Caramoney, 
in  the  county  of  Antrim,  in  1798,  having  no  arms.  There 
is  the  shape  of  a  hand  impressed  on  his  right  side,  a  little 
below  where  the  arm-pit  should  be.  He  has  been  taught 
to  read  and  write  English,  and  is  now  supported  by  the 
bounty  of  the  inhabitants  of  Carrickfergus.  He  holds 
the  pen  between  the  first  and  second  toe  of  his  left  foot, 
and  feeds  himself  in  the  like  manner  with  a  spoon.  The 
above  account  has  been  transmitted  from  Ireland,  and  its 
accuracy  may  be  depended  on. — Edit." 

On  the  opposite  leaf  there  is  an  engraving  of 
his  likeness,  exhibiting  the  pen  between  his  toes, 
as  above  described.     He  is  in  a  sitting  posture. 

Probably  some  of  your  readers  can  tell  the 
subsequent  history  of  this  person.  Is  he  stiU  in 
life,  or  when  did  he  die  ?  G. 

Edinburgh. 

A  Short  Range.  — 

"  On  dit,  that  more  than  one  lady  shoots  at  Compiegne. 
There  is  no  novelty  in  the  fact.  The  Empress  of  Austria 
bagged  many  hares  in  the  preserves  of  Luxembourg  dur- 
ing the  Congress  of  Vienna;  and  one  may  see  in  the 
arsenal  of  Stockholm  a  long  rifle,  which  was  charged 
with  a  grain  of  lead,  and  with  which  Queen  Christine 
killed  time  by  shooting  at  flies  in  her  bed-room  ;  and  she 
missed  none." — "Echoes  from  the  Continent,"  Standard, 
Dec.  21, 1866. 

The  marvels  of  the  little  world  are  sometimes 
more  surprising  than  those  of  the  great,  and  I 
prefer  Christine's  rifle  to  Elizabeth's  pocket-pistol, 
which  promised  only  to  carry  a  ball  to  Calais,  but 
not  to  kill  a  crow  there.  As  an  "  arm  of  precision  " 
the  rifle  is  superior.  I  should  like  a  full  descrip- 
tion, but  as  few  of  your  correspondents  have  in- 
spected the  arsenal  at  Stockholm,  and  many  are 
scientific,  perhaps  one  wiU  calculate  the  diameter 
of  the  bore  suitable  to  a  grain  of  lead,  and  the 
amount  of  powder  required  to  propel  it.  Does 
any  memoir  of  that  age  describe  Christine's  style 
of  shooting  her  flies  ?     Waiting  for  further  infor- 


mation, I  will  presume  that  they  were  on  the 
wing,  as  it  would  have  been  mean  in  so  great  a 
sportswoman  to  shoot  them  sitting. 

During  the  early  experiments  with  the  Arm- 
strong gun  some  papers  gave  a  precise  account  of 
the  taking  aim  at  and  killing  some  geese,  at  the 
distance  of  seven  miles  and  a  half ;  but  Sir  William 
disclaimed  the  honour,  and  stated  his  belief  that 
the  only  weapon  which  had  done  execution  at  such 
a  range  was  the  JEnc/lish  longboxo. 

FiTZHOPKINS. 
Garrick  Club. 

"  STBiCTxnRES  ON  LAWYERS."  —  Who  was  the 
author  of  a  book  ''printed"  in  1790  "for  G. 
Kearsley,  Johnson's  Head,  Fleet  Street,"  8vo,  pp. 
2.32,  and  called  — 

"  Strictures  on  the  Lives  and  Characters  of  the  most 

Eminent  Lawyers  of  the  present  day,  including 

those  of  the  Lord  Chancellor  and  the  Twelve  Judges  "  * — 

And  was  the  second  volume,  "  confined  to  the  great 
Characters  of  the  Bar,"  stated  on  p.  223  to  be 
"  readyTor  the  press,  awaiting  the  Public  judgment 
upon  tire  Present,"  ever  published  ?  The  book 
is  not  noticed  in  either  Watt's  Biog.  Britan.  or 
Lowndes'  Manual.  Eric. 

Ville  Marie,  Canada. 

Lady  Tanfield. — I  wish  very  much  to  find  out 
who  was  the  wife  of  Sir  Laurence  Tanfield,  Baron 
of  the  Exchequer  in  the  time  of  James  I.  He  is 
buried  in  a  splendid  tomb  at  Burford,  but  his 
wife's  name  is  not  mentioned.  I  wish  to  know 
how  the  Tanfields  were  related  to  the  Lees  of 
Quarendon  and  Ditchley.  D.  B. 

Wooden  Effigy  of  a  Priest. — In  the  chancel 
of  Little  Leighs  church,  Essex,  is  a  recumbent 
eflBgy  of  a  priest  carved  in  oak,  vested  in  amice, 
alb,  stole,  maniple,  and  chasuble.  The  Rev.  F. 
Spurrell  considered  it  the  only  known  example 
of  a  ivooden  efiigy  of  a  priest  (see  Transactions  of 
the  Essex  Archmological  Soc.  ii.  167).  In  answer 
to  a  letter  in  the  Gent.  Mag.  on  the  subject,  Mr, 
Robinson  of  Derby  informed  me  that  one  existed 
in  the  church  of  All  Saints  in  that  town,  and  now 
"  remains  in  the  vaults  under  the  church,  but  is 
rapidly  decaying."  Mr.  Robinson  gave  an  extract 
from  Glover's  History  of  Derbyshire,  which  states 
the  effigy  is  supposed  to  be  the  Abbot  of  Darley. 
I  wish  "to  know  if  any  more  wooden  figures  of 
priests  are  known  ?  If  they  are  so  rare  some- 
thing ought  to  be  done  to  preserve  that  at  Derby. 
The  Little  Leighs  effigy  has  been  painted  in 
times  gone  by,  which,  though  it  did  not  improve 
its  appearance,  has  no  doubt  preserved  the  wood. 
John  Piggot,  Jtjn. 

XicCHA. — Was  there  any  Italian,  Portuguese, 
or  other  European  architect  who  can  be  identified 


[  *  The  authorship  of  this  work  was  inquired  after  in 
"  N.  &  Q."  2''d  S.  ii.  451.] 


3>-'«  S.  XI.  Jan.  19, 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


57 


•with  one  of  this  name  who  was  in  India  about 
A.D.  962  ?  Mek^^aid. 

YoKKSHiRE  Sating. — In  looting  over  the  Neiv 
Monthly  Magazine  for  1827,  I  met  with  a  paper, 
headed  "  Conversations  of  Paley,"  communicated 
hy  the  author  of  Four  Years  in  France.  The 
compiler  of  these  Conversations  assumes  to  have 
Tseen  an  intimate  friend  and  warm  admirer  of  the 
Doctor.  Were  he  so  really,  I  think  he  would 
have  shown  greater  delicacy  in  throwing  a  veil 
over  a  good  deal  he  has  given  publicity  to.  My 
reason  for  troubling  you  on  the  present  occasion 
is,  to  ask  the  meaning  of  a  sentence  alleged  to 
have  been  used  by  Paley.   My  authority  states : — 

"  Sometimes  he  (i.  e.  the  Doctor)  did  not  disdain  to 
■use  purposely  a  vulgar  phrase.  Having  won  a  rubber  at 
whist,  he  cried  out  — '  Pay  the  people :  U.  P.  spells 
geslings.'  " 

What  does  this  sentence  mean  ?  Also,  I  should 
like  to  know  who  was  the  author  of  Fotir  Years 
in  France  ?  Apparently  he  was  a  convert  to  the 
Roman  Church,  and  had  been  an  Oxford  man.* 

Shajs^dost, 


Arthitb  Waewick. — In  a  little  book  called 
Spare  3Iimdes.  written  by  Arthur  Warwick,  and 
published  in  1637,  there  is  the  following  play  on 
this  word,  "  Rome  and  Room  "  (3'^<»  S.  x.  456)  :— 

"  I  find  no  happinesse  in  Eoome  on  earth — 'Tis  happi- 
nesse  for  me  to  have  roome  in  Heaven." 

Who  was  this  Arthur  Warwick,  and  did  he 
write  any  other  books  ? 

JoHx  Churchill  Sixes. 

Derby, 

[Nothing  is  known  of  the  personal  history  of  Arthur 
"Warwick  except  the  few  scattered  notices  of  him  in  his 
Spare  3Iinutes,  a  little  book  of  great  and  intrinsic  merit. 
The  author  was  a  clerg\-man,  and  a  deeply  pious  one,  for 
one  of  the  pieces  is  "  A  Meditation  of  the  Author's  found 
written  before  a  Sermon  of  his  for  Easter  Day;"  and 
"  Another  written  before  a  Sermon  of  his  on  the  51st 
Psalm,  verse  1."  The  date  of  the  first  edition  has  not 
been  ascertained;  the  second  is  dated  1634.  A  very 
neatly  engraved  emblematical  frontispiece,  by  Clarke, 
declares  it  to  be  lihellus  posthumus:  yet  it  is  dedicated 
*'  to  the  Right  Worshipful,  my  much-honoured  friend.  Sir 

[*  The  author  of  Four  Years  in  France,  8vo,  1826,  was 
the  Rev.  Henry  Best,  son  of  the  Rev.  Dr.  Henry  Best,  a 
Prebendary  of  Lincoln,  who  died  June  29,  1782  ;  and  his 
mother  (the  daughter  of  Kenelm  Digby,  Esq.,  of  North 
Luffenhara)  died  April  10,  1797.  Their  son  was  of  Mag- 
dalen College,  Oxford ;  took  the  degree  of  MA.  June  22, 
1791,  and  was  admitted  into  orders  by  the  Bishop  of 
Norwich.  He  was  subsequently  rebaptized  in  the  Roman 
Church,  and  took  the  name  of  John,  in  honour  of  John 
Chrj'sostora.  He  also  published  two  other  works  :  (1.) 
Italy  as  it  is,  Lond.  8vo,  1828;  and  (2.)  Personal  and 
Literary  Memorials,  8vo. — Ed.] 


William  Dodiugton,  knight,"  M-ith  whom  the  author's 
acquamtance  was  "  short  and  small."  This  Sir  Wilham, 
living  on  the  borders  of  Wilts  and  Hants,  must  be  the 
knight  of  that  name  whose  son  was  executed  in  1630  for 
the  crime  of  murdering  his  mother.  "  The  Mind  of  the 
Frontispiece"  denotes  its  several  adumbrated  contents, 
and  is  signed  F.  Q.,  i.  e.  Francis  Quarles. 

The  Second  Part  of  Spare  Minutes  was  posthumous. 
It  has  another  engraved  title-page,  and  an  Elogium  upon 
the  author  by  George  Wither,  who  was  a  Hampshire 
man,  affording  another  probability  that  Arthur  Warwick 
was  of  that  county.  There  are  also  Latin  verses  by 
William  Haydock.  The  dedication  of  the  Second  Part  is 
"  to  the  vertuous  and  religious  gentlewoman,  my  much- 
esteemed  friend,  Mistresse  Anne  Ashton,"  and  is  signed 
Arthur  Warwick,  the  father  of  the  author. 

This  excellent  little  ft'ork  is  thus  favourably  noticed  by  a 
writer  in  the  Retrospective  Review  (ii.  45)  :  "  The  title-page 
indicates  the  nature  of  the  book,  which  is  a  very  valuable 
little  manual.  The  author  was  a  clergyman,  whose  high 
delight  was  to  hold  divine  colloquy  with  his  own  heart — 
'  to  feed  on  the  sweet  pastures  of  the  soul :'  he  was  an 
aspirant  after  good,  who  was  never  less  alone  than  when 
without  company.  The  style  of  his  work  is  as  singular 
as  its  spirit  is  excellent.  Brevity  was  his  laborious 
studj' — he  has  compressed  as  much  essence  as  possible 
into  the  smallest  space.  His  book  is  a  string  of  prover- 
bial meditations  and  meditated  proverbs.  He  does  not 
speak  without  reason,  and  cannot  reason  without  a 
maxim.  His  sentiments  are  apposite,  though  opposite ; 
his  language  is  the  appropriateness  of  contrariety — it  is 
too  narrow  for  his  thoughts,  which  show  the  fuller  for 
the  constraint  of  their  dress.  The  sinewy-  athletic  body 
almost  bursts  its  scanty  apparel.  This  adds  to  the  appa- 
rent strength  of  his  thoughts,  although  it  takes  from  their 
real  grace.  He  comprised  great  wisdom  in  a  small  com- 
pass. His  life  seems  to  have  been  as  full  of  worth  as  his 
thoughts,  and  as  brief  as  his  book.  He  considered  life 
but  his  walk,  and  heaven  his  home ;  and  that,  travelling 
towards  so  pleasant  a  destination,  '  the  shorter  his  journey 
the  sooner  his  rest.'  The  marrow  of  life  and  of  know- 
ledge does  not  indeed  occupy  much  room.  His  language 
is  quaint  in  conceits,  and  conceited  in  quaintness — it  pro- 
ceeds on  an  almost  uniform  balance  of  antitheses ;  but  his 
observations  are  at  once  acute,  deep,  and  practical."] 

PiJRCHAS  Family.  —  Can  you  inform  me  in 
which  of  the  earlier  numbers  of  "X.  &  Q."  in- 
formation was  given  respecting  the  Rev.  Samuel 
Purchas,  author  of  the  Pilgrimage,  and  also  re- 
specting Sir  William  Purchas,  who  was  Lord 
Mayor  of  London  in  1447  ?  T.  B.  Purchas. 

Ross,  Herefordshire. 

[No  notices  of  the  Purchas  familj--  have  appeared  in 
"N.  &  Q."  Fuller,  in  his  Worthies  of  England  ("Cam- 
bridgeshire "),  states  that  "  Sir  William  Purchas  (or  Pur- 
case)  was  born  at  Gamlinggay,  in  this  county,  bred  a 
mercer  in  London,  and  Lord  Mayor  thereof  anno  1497 
(not  1447).  He  caused  Moorfields,  under  the  walls,  to  be 
made  plain  ground,  then  to  the  great  pleasure,  since  to 


58 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[3>^<i  S.  XI.  Jan.  19,  '67. 


the  great  profit,  of  the  city."  It  was  in  the  year  1498,  as 
Stow  informs  us,  that  "  all  the  gardens,  which  had  con- 
tinued time  out  of  mind  without  Moorgate,  to  wit,  about 
and  bej-ond  the  lordship  of  Finsbury,  M-eie  destroyed,  and 
of  them  was  made  a  plain  field  for  archers  to  shoot  in.'' 
(^Survey  of  London,  edit.  1842,  p.  159.)— The  Rer.  Samuel 
Purchas,  author  of  the  Pilgrimage,  was  born  at  Thaxted 
in  Essex  in  1577;  admitted  of  St.  John's  College,  Cam- 
bridge, about  1590,  and  proceeded  Master  of  Arts  in  1600. 
In  1604  he  was  instituted  to  the  vicarage  of  Eastwood 
in  Essex,  and  in  1614  collated  to  the  rectory  of  St.  Mar- 
tin's, Ludgate,  London,  which  he  describes  as  a  "  beni- 
fice  notofthe  worst."  Purchas  made  his  will  on  May  31, 
1625,  and  died  before  the  end  of  September,  1626.  It  has 
been  frequently  stated  that  this  learned  divine,  towards 
the  close  of  his  life,  was  in  pecuniaiy  difiiculties  by  the 
publication  of  his  books  ;  but  his  embarrassments  were 
more  probably  occasioned  by  his  kindness  to  his  relations, 
who  stood  in  need  of  his  assistance.  Our  biographical 
dictionaries  give  some  particulars  of  Samuel  Purchas ; 
but  the  most  accurate  sketch  of  his  life  will  be  found  in 
the  Curiosities  of  Literature  Illustrated,  by  Bolton  Corn ey, 
Esq.  edit.  1838,  pp.  93 — 111,  who  informs  us  that  a  por- 
trait of  Purchas  is  prefixed  to  the  twelfth  part  of  the 
Fetits  Voyages  of  De  Bry  and  his  successors,  which  part 
was  edited  by  William  Fitzer. 

The  fair  sex  ought  surelj^  to  entertain  some  regard  for 
Samuel  Purchas,  for  in  his  Pilgrimage,  ed.  1617,  p.  232,  he 
tells  us  that  the  modern  Jews  say,  "Let  a  man  cloath 
himselfe  beneath  his  abilitie,  his  children  according  to  his 
abilitie,  and  his  wife  above  his  abilitie."  He  quaintly  in- 
troduces this  adage  by  premising,  "  I  would  not  have 
women  heare  it !  "  Again,  Purchas's  book  ought  to  have 
been  a  favourite  with  King  James  I.  on  account  of  the  way 
in  which  it  speaks  of  tobacco,  against  which  that  monarch 
Avrote  his  Counterblast.  Purchas,  in  his  chapter  about 
Trinidad  (p.  1018),  says,  that  Columbus  erroneously 
placed  the  seat  of  Paradise  in  that  island — "  to  which 
opinion,  for  the  excellencie  of  the  tobacco  there  found,  he 
should  happily  have  the  smokie  subscriptions  (t.  e.  as- 
sents) of  many  humorists,  to  whom  that  fume  becomes  a 
fooles  paradise,  which  with  their  braines  and  all  passeth 
away  in  smoke."  Xo  copy  of  Purchas's  Pilgrimage,  of 
course,  was  found  in  Dr.  Parr's  library !  ] 

"A  Letter  from  Albeiiarle  Street."  — 
Who  wrote  A  Letter  from  Alheniarle  Street  to  the 
Cocoa  Tree,  a  pamphlet  puhlished  by  Almon  in 
1764  ?  Ahnou  attributed  it  to  Earl  Temple ;  but 
as  he  attributes  the  Whirj  to  Junius,  I  doubt  his 
authority.  Why  Albemarle  Street  ?  Why  Cocoa 
Tree  ?  J.  Wilkixs,  B.C.L. 

Cuddiugton,  Aylesbury. 

[Does  not  Mr.  Smith,  the  well-informed  editor  of  The 
Grenville  Papers,  also  attribute  this  Letter  to  Lord 
Temple  ?  Our  correspondent  asks  "  Why  Albemarle 
Street  ?  Why  Cocoa  Tree  ?  "  We  must  tell  him,  then, 
that  they  were  the  rival  Clubs  so  well  described  in  the 
following  note  to  the  Cliatham  Correspondence,  vol.  ii. 
pp.  276-7 :  — 


"  The  opposition  Club  in  Albemarle  Street,  the  origin 
!  of  which  is  thus  described  in  the  History  of  the  Minority  : 
j  '  Early  in  the  winter,  some  gentlemen  of  weight  and 
character  proposed  to  the  party  a  scheme  of  association, 
the  purpose  of  which  was  to  keep  their  friends  together, 
I  and  to  give  them  the  pleasure  of  meeting  and  conversing 
with  each  other.  The  idea  was  approved  by  a  great 
part,  though  not  all  the  minority ;  and  a  tavern  in  Albe- 
marle Street,  kept  bj-  Mr.  Wildman,  was  fixed  upon  for 
the  place  of  meeting.  No  political  business  was  meant  to 
be  transacted  at  any  of  the  meetings.  The  intention  was 
simply  to  preserve  the  union.'  Of  the  ministerial  Club 
at  the  Cocoa  Tree,  Gibbon,  in  his  Journal  for  November, 
1762,  gives  the  following  description  : — '  This  respectable 
bod)-,  of  which  I  have  the  honour  of  being  a  member, 
aifords  every  evening  a  sight  truly  English, — twenty  or 
thirty,  perhaps,  of  the  first  men  in  the  kingdom,  in  point 
of  fashion  and  fortune,  supping  at  little  tables  covered 
with  a  napkin,  in  the  middle  of  a  coifee  room,  upon  a  bit 
of  cold  meat  or  a  sandwich,  and  drinking  a  glass  of 
punch.  At  present  we  are  full  of  king's  counsellors  and 
lords  of  the  bed-chamber  ;  who,  having  jumped  into  the 
ministry,  make  a  singular  medley  of  their  old  principles 
and  language  with  their  modern  ones.' "] 

St.  Simon  Stock;.— The  name  of  a  new  Roman 
Catholic  church  in  Kensington.  Can  any  of  your 
readers  learned  in  hagiography — by  which  I  mean, 
learned  in  saintly  legends — tell  who  St.  Simon 
Stock  was  ?  The  church  belongs  to  the  "  Confra- 
ternity of  the  Scapular,"  whatever  that  may  mean. 
The  scapulary  is  part  of  a  friar's  wardrobe ;  but 
a  confraternity  thereof  needs  explanation  to  those 
who  inhabit  the  gravel-pits.  C.  A.  W. 

May  Fair. 

[  St.  Simon,  surnamed  Stock,  from  his  abode  in  an  old 
stock  of  a  tree,  was  born  in  Kent,  of  honourable  pa- 
rentage, about  the  j-ear  11C5.  At  twelve  years  of  age  he 
withdrew  from  the  world,  and  devoted  himself  to  the 
service  of  religion.  "  Here  he  had,"  says  Leland,  "  water 
for  his  nectar,  and  wild  fruits  for  his  ambrosia."  In  1245 
he  was  appointed  General  of  the  Order  of  the  Carmelites ; 
and  shortly  after  his  promotion  to  that  dignity,  "  he 
instituted  the  Confraternity  of  the  Scapular  to  unite  the 
devout  clients  of  the  Blessed  Virgin  in  certain  regular 
exercises  of  religion  and  piety.  The  rules  prescribe, 
without  any  obligation  or  precept,  that  the  members  wear 
a  little  scapular,  at  least  secretly,  as  the  sj-mbol  of  the 
Order."  {Butler.')  St.  Simon  died  at  Bordeaux  in  France 
on  May  16,  1266,  and  M-as  buried  in  the  great  church  of 
that  town.  There  is  an  excellent  account  of  him  in 
Alban  Butler's  Lives  of  the  Saints,  Ma^^  16.  Consult 
also  Britannia  Sancta,  4to,  1745,  i.  290 ;  Xewcourt's 
Repertorium,  i.  567;  and  Fuller's  Worthies  of  England, 
art.  "Kent."] 

Cardinal  Beatox. — Can  you  inform  me  of  the 
coat  of  arms  borne  by  Cardinal  Beaton,  and  where 


Z^^  S.  XI.  Jax.  19,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


59 


I  may  find  any  good  account  of  his  life  and 
family  ?  '  Sidxey  P.  Beexox. 

London,  248,  Strand,  W.C. 

[An  extended  and  carefully-written  memoir  of  Cardinal 
David  Beaton  is  printed  in  Chambers's  Biographical  Dic- 
tionary of  Eminent  Scotsmen,  i.  1G7-18";,  with  a  portrait 
engraved  by  S.  Freeman  from  a  painting  at  Holyrood 
House.  Consult  also  Lodge's  Portraits  of  Illustrious  Per- 
sonages, and  John  Smith's  Iconographia  Scotica  (both 
with  portraits)  ;  Kippis's  Biographia  Britarinica,  and  C. 
J.  Lycn's  History  of  St.  Andrews,  i.  28G-30G,  Beaton's 
arms,  as  given  in  Henry  Laing's  Catalogue  of  Ancient 
Scottish  Seals  (-Ito,  1850,  p.  149),  are  thus  described  :  — 
"  In  the  lower  part  of  the  seal  is  a  shield  quarterly,  first 
and  fourth,  a  fesse  between  three  lozenges,  for  Beton ; 
second  and  third,  a  chevron  charged  with  an  otter's  head, 
for  Balfour.  Above  the  shield  is  a  cross  bottone'e  sup- 
porting a  cardinal's  hat  and  tassels,  and  a  scroll  on  which 
is  inscribed  the  word  l^-TEXTIo."  For  notices  of  the  por- 
traits of  Cardinal  Beaton,  see  "X.&Q.,"  1^' S.  ii.  433, 
497.] 

MiAXXOXOirAU. — What  is  the  origin  of  Mian- 
tonomah,  a  name  given  by  the  Americans  to  one  of 
their  vessels  of  war  P  C.  E. 

[Miantonomah,  or  rather  Miantunuomoh,  was  one  of 
the  Indian  chiefs  of  North  America,  Avell  formed,  of  tall 
.stature,  subtil  and  cunning  in  his  contrivements,  as  well 
as  haughty  in  his  designs.  He  arrived  at  Boston  with 
his  wife  Wawaloam,  on  August  8,  1G32.  He  signally 
assisted  his  uncle  Canouicus  in  the  government  of  the 
great  nation  of  the  Xarragansets  (one  of  the  five  principal 
tribes  of  Indians  inhabiting  New  England),  then  at  war 
Avith  the  Pequots.  Sliantonomah  was  at  last  captured  hy 
the  chief  Uncas,  whose  brother  "  clave  his  head  with  an 
hatchet."  See  The  Book  of  the  Indians,  by  Samuel  G. 
Drake,  edit.  1841,  book  ii.  pp.  58  to  GG.] 


REV.  DE.  CHARLES  O'COXOR'S  "HISTORY  OF 

THE  HOUSE  OF  O'COXOR." 

(2»<'  S.  ix.  24.) 

The  "  Historical  Account  of  the  Family  of 
O'Conor  "  forms  part  of  a  volume  (from  p.  23  to 
p.  146)  of  which  the  title  is  as  follows  :  — 

"  Memoirs  of  the  Life  and  Writings  of  the  late  Charles 
O'Conor,  of  Belanagare,  Esq.,  M.K.I.A.  By  the  Rev. 
Charles  O'Conor,  D.D.,  Member  of  the  Academy  of  Cor- 
tona.  Dublin :  piinted  bj-  J.  Mehain,  Xo.  49,  Essex 
Street." 

Two  copies  of  this  volume  are  now  lying  before 
me  :  one  belonging  to  the  Library  of  TrinUv  Col- 
lege, Dublin  ;  the  other  to  the  Kev.  J.  II.'Todd, 
D.D.,  Senior  Fellow  and  Librarian  of  the  said 
college.  Of  these  two  copies  the  former  is  the 
more  complete  and  genuine.  It  has  the  eight 
leaves  of  signature  A  (wanting  in  the  other  copy), 


containing  "A  Letter  in  Reply  to  the  Objections 
of  a  learned  Man,"  signed  Charles  O'Conor,  and 
dated  March  11,  179G.  It  has  also  pasted  into  it 
the  following  autograph  letter  from  the  reverend 
author  "  to  Henry  Taafe,  Esq." :  — 

"  Mr.  O'Conor  has  several  very  urgent  reasons  for  post- 
poning the  publication  of  this  work,  but  he  sends  it  to  a 
friend  on  whose  Jioiior  he  has  every  reliance. 

"  The  2nd  vol.,  which  is  infinitelj'  more  interesting, 
is  now  in  the  press.  Mr.  O'Conor  has  some  idea  of  re- 
printing this  with  important  additions  and  emendations. 
The  errors  of  the  press  are  very  barbarous,  and  the  printer 
has  not  done  any  justice  in  a  great  many  instances  which 
cannot  escape  Mr.  Taafe's  penetration."" 

Dr.  Todd's  copy  has  the  following  information 
in  MS.  pasted  on  a  fly-leaf :  — 

"  This  curious  and  very  scarce  volume  is  particularly 
valuable  for  the  information  it  afl'ords  of  the  incipient 
steps  taken  bj'  the  Roman  Catholics  for  the  repeal  of  the 
penal  laws.  The  first  volume  only  was  printed,  and  was 
suppressed,  and  almost  all  the  copies  destroyed  before  it 
v.as  published  ;  in  consequence,  as  is  supposed,  of  appre- 
hensions that  its  circulation  might  injure  the  family. 
The  second  volume  was  committed  to  the  flames  before  it 
was  printed,  at  the  author's  particular  request,  by  the  friend 
to  whose  care  it  had  been  entrusted.  A  copy  of  this  [the 
first]  volume  was  sold  at  Sir  Mark  Sykes's  sale  to  a 
bookseller  for  14?." 

On  the  fly-leaves  also  of  Dr.  Todd's  copy  the 
following  particulars  are  written  in  pencil  in  the 
handwriting  of  the  late  Mr.  Weaie,  of  the  Woods 
and  Forests,  whose  copy  it  was :  — 

'■  Dec.  15,  1834.  At  the  sale  of  Mr.  Heber's  library, 
SirMark  Sj'kes's  copv  was  this  day  bought  by  James  Bohn, 
the  bookseller,  for  61.— Bib.  Heber.,  part  iv.  Xo.  1270. 
It  contains  the  original  frontispiece  and  title ;  those  in 
the  present  volume  being  supplied  hy  a  Dublin  book- 
seller, and  are  not  copies  of  the  originals. 

'•  The  genuine  frontispiece  presents  a  miniature  por- 
trait within  an  oval,  supported  by  a  female  figure  on 
each  side,  '  H.  Brocas,  del'  et  sculpsit';  and  bears  this 
subscription  on  the  plate—'  Char''  O'Conor,  of  Belanagare, 
Esq.,  M.R.I.A.    .EtTatis  79.' 

"  The  genuine  title  corresponds  v.'ith  the  present  copy, 
except  that  the  blank  space  is  occupied  with  an  engraved 
vignette  ;  representing  on  its  right  a  round  tower,  di- 
lapidated and  ivied,  behind  whicli  is  proceeding  a  horse- 
man in  the  act  of  casting  a  spear,  and  attended  by  a 
hound ;  in  the  middle  distance  some  castellated  rjiins,  and 
on  the  left  foreground  some  shrub  or  Ashetellows. 

"  The  Rev.  Charles  O'Conor,  commonly  distinguished 
hy  the  name  of  the  Abbe  O'Conor,  author  of  these  Memoirs, 
died  at  Belanagare  July  29,  1828,  aged  [about  G7  or  G8]. 
See  Gentleman's  3Iagazine,  1828,  part  II.  4(56.  There  is  a 
folio  lithographed  portrait  of  him,  seated,  and  holding  a 
book,  which  was  executed  at  the  expense  of  Earl  Xugent 
for  private  distribution.  He  died,  under  a  suspension  of 
his  ecclesiastical  faculties,  broken-iiearted." 

The  College  library  copy  possesses  the  genuine 
frontispiece,  title,  and  vignette,  as  above  de- 
scribed. 'AAieuy. 

Dublin. 


60 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[3-i 


XL  Jan.  19  '67. 


CHUKCH  TOWERS  USED   AS  FORTRESSES. 
(S'l  S.  X.  473,  522.) 

The  example  cited  from  Bloxam's  Gothic  Archi- 
tecture of  Rugby  cliurcli  of  this  practice  in  the 
olden  time,  is  but  one  out  of  numberless  instances 
recorded  in  ecclesiastical  history  of  the  peculiar 
construction  of  the  tower  as  a  castle  for  defence. 
From  the  Dano-Saxon  derivation  of  the  name 
Eugby — namely,  a  town  in  a  rugged,  or  (as  we 
say  in  the  West  of  England)  an  outstep  place,  it 
was  probably  fortified  against  invasion  by  the 
Danes.  When  I  was  sojourning  last  year  at  Chel- 
tenham, I  went  over  to  examine  the  church  at 
Swindon,  two  miles  distant,  and  found  the  de- 
scription of  it  in  Davies'  Handbook  to  the  en- 
virons of  that  fashionable  watering-place  corre- 
sponding to  Rugby  church  :  — 

"  The  tower  is  an  unequal  hexagon,  witli  walls  of  mas- 
sive thickness,  and  evidently  built  for  the  purpose  of  de- 
fence. There  is  one  original  window  on  each  side  at  the 
top,  each  composed  of  two  narrow  loop-holes,  divided  by 
a  small  column,  but  gradually  shelving  out,  and  having, 
from  the  thickness  of  the  wall,  a  deep  recess  both  without 
and  within.  The  door-way  (square-headed)  is  under  a 
porch  on  the  north-east  side  of  this  tower.  When  this 
porch  was  blocked  up,  the  castellum  would  be  only  acces- 
sible bj'  an  exterior  staircase  on  the  west  side,  the  marks 
of  which  are  still  visible  in  the  wall,  where  now  a  de- 
corated window  has  been  inserted.  There  is  a  wide 
•opening  from  the  tower  to  the  nave  under  a  semicircular 
arch  with  Norman  pilasters  ;  but  between  the  nave  and 
the  only  aisle  (on  the  south)  are  two  perfectly  Roman 
arches  with  square  piers  and  imposts,  without  columns, 
pilasters,  or  capitals." 

This  accurate  description  will  supply  your  cor- 
respondent J.  W.  W.  with  all  the  information 
necessary  for  the  solution  of  his  query.  But  be- 
sides the  curious  fortified  tower  there  were  other 
peculiarities  in  the  church  at  Swindon  not  men- 
tioned by  the  Guide-book ;  e.  g.  in  the  nave,  on 
Ihe  capitals  of  the  pillars  on  either  side,  there 
were  grotesque  carvings,  after  the  fashion  of  Hol- 
l)ein's  Dance  of  Death,  of  a  Skeleton  Jester  re- 
minding the  rich  and  prosperous  sitting  at  their 
banquets  in  this  world  of  how  differently  they 
would  fare  when  he  had  conducted  them  out  of 
it.  Except  in  Wright's  Essay  on  the  Grotesque 
Caricatures  in  Mediceval  Churches,  I  have  never 
met  with  such  caustic  ridicule  on  the  vanity  of 
human  life  as  the  bony  jester  portrays  at  Swin- 
don. There  were  also  in  the  graveyard  yew-trees, 
from  their  size,  evidently  many  centuries  old, 
from  which,  according  to  the  common  legend, 
■our  Saxon  forefathers  cut  their  trusty  bows  for 
meeting  the  enemy  in  battle.  May  they  not  have 
shot  with  them  deadly  arrows  through  the  loop- 
holes in  this  impregnable  tower?  If  your  corre- 
spondent wishes  to  dive  deeper  into  the  subject; 
he  should  consult  Surtees'  History  of  Durham. 
There  he  will  learn  that  not  only  church  towers 


were  used  as  keeps,  but  bishops"  palaces,  and  even 
parsonage-houses  were  turned  into  fortalices,  little 
castles  for  defence  of  the  border  towards  Scot- 
land. "In  a  list  of  North mubrian  fortresses 
taken  during  the  reign  of  King  Henry  VI.,  for- 
tified parsonages  are  enumerated  among  the  /o?-to- 
Ucia,  or  lowest  order  of  castelets."  I  will  not 
trespass  further  on  your  cohuiins  to-day,  except 
to  ask  whether  the  Englishman's  boast,  "My 
house  is  my  castle,"  did  not  originate  from  the 
practice  here  described ;  and  if  not,  from  whom, 
and  in  what  age,  this  popular  domestic  motto  was 
adopted  by  our  Saxon  ancestors  ? 

QuEEif's  Gardens. 

The  church  of  Roos,  in  Holderness,  has  a  round 
tower  on  the  north  side  of  the  chancel,  containing 
a  spiral  stone  staircase  which  leads  to  the  roof. 
This  tower  is  about  thirty  feet  high.  The  use  for 
which  it  was  intended  is  not  certain :  by  it  the 
sancte-bell  might  be  approached,  the  aperture  for 
which  still  remains  in  the  gable  of  the  nave.  The 
high  altar  could  be  reached  from  tlie  room  in  the 
upper  part  of  the  tower.  Poulson  {Hist,  of  Hold. 
ii.  97)  says,  that  it  maj^  also  have  been  used  for  a 
watch-tower,  as  the  church  stands  on  high  groimd. 
The  chamber  at  the  top  seems  to  favour  this  idea. 
Poulson  mentions,  as  examples,  Rugby,  Hepton- 
stall  in  York,  and  Great  Salkeld  in  Cumberland. 

In  Scaum's  Beverlac,  1829,  i.  210,  I  find  this  — 

[1447].  "Also  paid  the  same  day  to  several  men  for 
watching  in  the  belfry  of  the  Blessed  Virgin  Mary  at 
Beverly  for  one  daj-,  i^." 

W.  C.  B. 


The  following  is  from  the  account  of  the  chui'ch 
of  St.  Botolph,  Northfleet,  in  Murray's  Handbook 
for  Kent  and  Sussex  (p.  17,  ed.  186.3)  :  — 

"  The  tower  of  this  church  is  said  to  have  afforded  so 
conspicuous  a  mark  to  pirates  and  other  'water  thieves' 
sailing  up  the  river,  that  it  was  thought  necessary  to 
make  it  a  fortress,  like  many  of  the  church  towers  on  the 
English  borders.  It  has  been  partly  rebuilt ;  but  the 
steps  which  lead  from  the  churchyard  to  the  first  floor  are 
probably  connected  with  its  early  defences." 

I  notice  with  surprise  that  the  Handbook, 
usually  so  complete,  omits  to  mention  the  fine  archi- 
tecture of  this  church  and  its  fourteenth  century 
rood-screen.  E.  S.  D. 


In  reply  to  J.  W.  W.  I  would  mention  the 
tower  of  Cockington  church,  near  Torquay,  Devon, 
which,  being  provided  with  a  fire-place  and  a 
convenience  on  the  first  floor,  seems  to  have  been 
constructed  with  a  view  to  its  being  a  place  of 
refuge  or  concealment.  G.  H. 


3rd  s.  XI.  Jan.  19,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


61 


HEKEBEEICHT  PRESBYTER :  THE  MONKWEAR- 
MOUTH  EXCAVATIONS. 

(S'l  S.  X.  442.) 
In  reply  to  Mk.  Bottxell's  quer}^,  I  beg  to  state 
that  the  monumeut  of  Herebericht,  presbyter,  has 
been  used  as  a  headstone  apparently  inside  the 
church,  or  where  the  back  could  not  be  seen. 
Although  only  3  ft.  6  in.  high,  it  has  a  nobility 
only  paralleled  by  the  early  Saxon  architecture 
disclosed  at  the  same  time.  The  design  is  a 
Latin  cross  potent,  the  lowest  potent  being  ad 
libitum,  and  forming  the  base  of  the  cross,  which 
is  surrounded  by  a  rectangularly  edged  border. 
The  transverse  limb  is  narrower  than  the  vertical 
one.  Along  the  sides  of  the  stone  rims  a  roll 
moulding,  which  at  the  top  turns  into  two  curved 
designs,  which  do  not  meet,  but  end  in  curls  near 
the  centre,  something  after  the  fashion  of  many 
cases  of  eight-day  clocks  of  the  last  century.  At 
the  dexter  side  of  heralds,  the  roll  moulding  steers 
clear  of  the  cross ;  but  at  the  sinister  it  runs 
against  and  bends  round  the  transverse  limb,  re- 
turning into  its  original  line.  The  inscription  is 
in  the  quarters  separated  by  the  cross,  thus :  — 
hic         iNse 

PUL  CRO 

ReQv         lesciT 

COR  P0R6 

hERE  BERI  .  . 

chl  PRE 

The  surface  on  which  the  three  lines  above  the 
bar  are  carved,  is  higher  than  that  on  which  the 
last  three  appear,  though  I  think  coRPORe  is  not 
a  palimpsest.  But  after  it  the  surface  sinks  again, 
gradually,  and  the  words  hEREBERicliT  pre.  form 
a  palimpsest ;  in  which  the  lettering,  though  good, 
is  feebler  than  the  free  bold  character  of  the  first 
four  lines,  and  presents  E  instead  of  e.  As  indi- 
cated in  my  copy,  there  is  an  erased  letter  at  the 
end  of  the  fifth  line ;  indicating,  apparently,  an 
error  of  the  second  sculptor. 

It  has  been  suggested  by  Mr.  Abbs,  with  much 
probability,  that  the  person  originally  commemo- 
rated was  one  of  the  abbots  whose  remains  were 
transported  from  their  first  graves  into  the  east 
end  of  the  church.  There  they  would  be  other- 
wise commemorated,  and  their  old  monuments  be 
available  for  successors  without  impropriety. 

A  very  singular  use  of  the  turned  baluster 
shafts  has  recently  been  ascertained.  They  occur 
on  the  inside  of  the  splays  of  one  of  the  two 
windows  of  the  early  Saxon  gable,  which  were 
bloclved  by  the  subsequent  heightening  of  the 
portions  ingressus.  They  support,  not  the  arch, 
but  the  jambs,  which  are  monolithic,  and  run 
through  from  the  outside.  The  height  of  these 
balusters  is  much  the  same  as  that  of  those  of  the 


doorway,  and  is  equivalent  to  the  slope  of  the 
sills,  which  at  the  elevation  of  the  windows  in 
question  is  considerable.  The  shafts  have  pro- 
jected a  little  beyond  the  plane  of  the  wall :  the 
projection  has  been  hacked  away.  The  other  win- 
dow will  doubtless  be  found  to  agree.  This  dis- 
covery is  another  proof  that  the  porticus,  though 
not  bonding,  is  a  work  dating  immediately  after 
the  gable.  W.  H.  D.  Longstafpe. 

Gateshead. 

DANTE  QUERY. 
(3"i  S.  X.  473.) 
In  reply  to  Mr.  Boxtchier,  I  beg  to  say  that  I 
have  had  considerable  practice  in  translating  from 
the  Italian,  and  some  of  my  translations  have 
passed  the  ordeal  of  public  criticism.  I  have  not 
the  slightest  hesitation  in  characterising  Gary's 
rendering  of  "  Esca  sotto  focile  "  into  "  uuder  stove 
the  viands  "  as  a  gi'oss  blunder.  Cibo  or  vivanda 
would  be  the  proper  Italian  for  ''viands.'*  JEsca 
means  "  a  bait."  Stufa  is  the  ordinary  word  for 
"a  stove,"  never /o«7e.  I  cannot  conceive  any 
excuse  for  Gary's  blunder.  His  English  too,  in 
this  instance,  makes  nonsense  of  the  passage. 
Dante  has  just  described  fire  descending,  as  it 
were,  in  flakes,  and  kindling  into  flame  the  sands 
on  which  the  condemned  were  walking.  The 
comparison  to  tinder  catching  fire  from  the  sparks 
of  flint  and  steel  is,  as  usual  with  Dante,  admir- 
ably close.  But  what  can  any  one  make  of  a 
simile  to  "viands  under  a  stove"?  Where  do 
we  see  such  a  collocation  ?  If  viands  were  ever 
placed  ^mder  a  stove,  would  they  catch  fire  ?  It 
is  sheer  nonsense.  It  is  just  possible  that  Gary 
mistook  focile  for  fucina  (a  forge)  ;  but  that  is 
hardly  more  excusable  than  the  blunder  of  a 
North  American  reviewer,  who,  in  translating 
Manzoni's  Napoleon  Ode — in  the  passage  where 
the  poet  supposes  that  the  hero,  musing  on  the 
rock  at  St.  Helena  and  gazing  towards  France 
might  well  feel  despair  in  his  soul — mistakes  the 
word  disperb  for  dispart,  and  makes  Napoleon's 
soul  "  fly  away  and  disaj)2oear  !'"  M.  H.  R. 

In  answer  to  Mr.  J.  BotrcHiER's  query,  respect- 
ing the  correct  translation  of  the  words  "com' 
esca  sotto  il  focile,"  in  Dante's  Inferno  (b.  xiv.),  I 
reply  that  I  consider  Mr.  Gary's  rendering  of  the 
passage  to  be  even  more  correct  than  that  given 
by  any  of  the  translators  mentioned  by  your  cor- 
respondent. Mr.  Gary  thus  translates  the  lines: — 
"  The  marie  glow'd  underneath,  as  under  stove 
The  viands,  doubly  to  augment  the  pain." 

Vol.  i.  p.  119,  ed.  London,  1819. 

The  accomplished  translator  supports  the  ren- 
dering, by  referring  in  a  note  to  the  authority  of 
an  eminent  Italian  commentator  of  Dante  named 
Frezzi,  who  illustrates  the  meaning  of  the  words 


62 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[SrdS.  XI.  Jan.  ]9,'C7. 


thus  :  "  Si  come  1'  csca  al  foco  del/oc/Ze."  Hence, 
Mr.  Gary  considered  that  he  had  good  authority 
for  translating  the  word  esca,  by  "viands";  and 
focile  (or  fncile),  by  "  oven."  Still,  Mr.  Wright's 
translation  — 

"  Whence  like  to  tinder,  under  flint  mid  steel. 
The  soil  ignited  to  augment  their  pain," — 

may  also  be  adopted,  as  esca  is  often  used  to 
mean  the  food  or  nourishment  on  which  the  fire 
feeds,  vs^hich  is  struck  from  the  focile,  or  flint. 
But  as  Mr.  Gary  is  seldom  or  ever  "caught  nap- 
ping," I  certainly  prefer  his  translation, 
Norwich. 


J,  Dalxois". 


I  should  venture  to  translate  the  passage  thus  : 
''  So  descended  the  eternal  fire ;  whence,  as  the 
sand  burned  they  (the  souls)  were  like  food  under 
burning  coals  to  double  their  pain."  The  poet 
alludes  to  a  method  of  cooking  very  common  in 
the  Middle  Ages,  laying  steaks  or  rashers  of  meat 
on  the  glowing  embers,  and  then  covering  them 
over  ^vith  a  layer  of  the  same.  The  souls  were 
stretched  ou  burning  sand,  and  flakes  of  fire  fell 
continuously  and  heavily  on  them;  therefore,  the 
pain  Y/as  double,  that  is,  from  above  and  from 
below.  The  early  part  of  this  stanza  alludes  to 
Alexander  the  Great ;  and  we  are  told  in  the 
commentary  of  Landino  that  the  idea  is  taken 
from  a  tradition  that,  when  he  was  in  India,  the 
army  came  to  a  place  where  the  sand  was  burning 
hot,  and  flakes  of  fire  fell  from  heaven.  Focile, 
or  as  the  old  editions  read  fncile,  signifies  the 
small  pieces  of  charcoal,  the  French  braise :  the 
large  pieces  are  called  carboni.  A.  A. 

Poets'  Corner. 

In   a  translation   of  the   Inferno,   by  "Hugh 
Bent"    (a    nom- de-plume),   London,    printed   by 
K.  Glay,  Son,  and  Taylor,  1862  (not  published) 
the  passage  in  question  is  rendered  thus  :  — 
"  Thus  the  eternal  burning  fell  below, 
^Vhence  kindled  was  the  sand,  as  tinder  grows 
Hot  'neath  the  steel,  to  double  all  their  woe." 

Though  but  a  poor  Italian  scholar  myself,  I 
believe  that  my  friend  the  translator  has  caught 
the  true  meaning  of  his  great  author. 

W.  J.  Bernhaed  Smith. 

Temple. 


Gary  is  clearly  in  the  wrong :  "■  Gom'  esca  sotto 
il  focile  "  is  correctly  rendered,  "  as  tinder  beneath 
the  flint  and  steel."  See  the  following  in  addi- 
tion to  the  translations  mentioned  :  — 

Ford:  "like  tinder  beneath  the  steel." 

Wilkie :  "  like  to  tinder  when  the  flint  is 
struck." 

Brizeux  :  "  corame  Vamorce  sous  la  pierre. 

Mesnard:  '•'comme  Tamorce  au  choc  de  la 
pierre."  Jtjxta  Tukkim. 


VENERABLE  BEDE. 
(S'-'i  S.  X.  412,  513.) 
In  the  more  ancient  Galendars  of  the  English 
Ghurch  this  eminent  man  is  commemorated  on 
May  2G,  together  with  St.  Augustine,  the  apostle 
of  the  English.  This  was  the  day  of  his  death 
(depositio).  In  a  MS.  Galendar  preserved  at  Dur- 
ham, belonging  to  the  early  part  of  the  twelfth 
century,  there   is   this   entry  on  May  26 :    "  sci 

AT7GTJSTINI    AECHIEPI    &     BEDS     (co.)."        Similar 

entries  are  found  on  the  same  day  in  an  ancient 
Saxon  Codex,  probably  of  the  year  1031,  preserved 
in  the  British  Museum  (Vitellius,  E.  xviii.),  and 
in  a  Galendar  of  the  Church  of  Exeter  of  the  time 
of  Henrv  II.  (Harl.  MS.,  God.  843.)  Hampson's 
Medii  yEvi  Calendarium,  \o\.  i.  pp.  42G,  405. 

In  the  Kal.  Salamense,  written  about  the  year 
1000,  we  have  this  entry  :  "  vii.  kai.  Junii,  Depo- 
sitio Augustini  Confessoris,  Bedfe  presbyteri  ;  " 
whence  it  appears,  says  Mabillon,  that  both  died 
on  the  same  day ;  but  in  order  that  each  might 
have  his  own  proper  day,  the  festival  of  Bede  was 
remitted  to  the  dav  following,  that  is  to  Mav  27. 
{Veter.  Analect.,  p"  18,  fol.  Par.  1723.)  Mabillon 
notices  at  the  end  of  an  ancient  hymn — "  vi.  id. 
Mali  (May  10)  natalis  S'ci  Bedte  Presbyteri," 
which  he  supposes  to  be  the  day  of  his  transla- 
tion. (Hampson.  M.  .E.  C.  vol.  ii.  28.) 

In  a  MS.  Galendar  of  the  Church  of  Durham  of 
the  fourteenth  century  (Harl.  MS.  Cod.  1804), 
we  find  May  27,  "  Gomm.  Bede."  The  day  does 
not  occur,  so  far  as  I  know,  in  the  Galendar  pre- 
fixed to  the  Salisbury  JMissal ;  at  any  rate  I  do  not 
find  it  in  an  edition  printed  in  1514,  now  before 
me.  On  the  otlier  hand,  May  27  is  devoted  to 
the  Venerable  Bede  in  the  Calendar  prefixed  to 
the  Enchiridion  ad  usum  Sariim,  1530. 

Bede  was  buried  in  St.  Paul's  Church,  Jarrow, 
and  in  1020  his  remains  were  conveyed  to  Ditr- 
ham,  and  in  1155  inclosed  in  a  rich  shrine.  Most 
probably  Oct.  29  commemorates  one  of  these  two 
latter  events. 

I  conclude  with  a  query : — How  is  it  that,  in  the 
Prayer-Book  Calendar,  June  17  is  assigned  to  St. 
Alban,  Martyr,  instead  of  June  22  ?  I  find  this 
latter  day  given  to  St.  Alban  in  all  Galendars 
which  I  have  examined,  except  in  the  Ancient 
German  Martyroloiiy ,  edited  by  Beckius,  where 
St.  Alban's  Dav  is  June  21.        Johnson  Baily. 


Edavakd  Norgate  (3"^  S.  xi.  11.)  —  In  the  re- 
gister of  burials  in  the  parish  of  S.  Benet,  Paul's 
Wharf,  I  find 'this  entry:  — "Mr.  Edward  Nor- 
gate,  A  Harrold,  Buried"23  December,  1650." 

J.  H.  Go  WARD,  Pectoe. 

Hannah  Lightfoot  (3'''^  S.  xi.  11.)— I  am  glad 
to  see  that  the  question  of  this  alleged  marriage  of 
George  the  Third  has  attracted  the  attention  of 


S'-i  S.  XI.  Jan.  19,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


63 


one  wlio  seems  to  take  a  correct  view  of  the  value 
of  the  story.  If  there  be  nnj  foundation  for  it,  it 
is  certainly  remarkable  that  it  should  have  escaped 
the  knowledge  of  Horace  Walpole,  vrho  does  not, 
I  believe,  make  a  single  allusion  to  it.  Contrast 
this  v^'ith  the  details  which  he  gives  us  of  the 
Icing's  passion  for  Lady  Sarah  Lennox,  and  the 
inference  that  there  is  no  foundation  for  the  Light- 
foot  scandal  seems  inevitable.  Where  is  the  lirst 
allusion  to  it  injjrmt?  H.  L. 

CAtriioN  TO  Book-Btjxers  (S""*^  S.  xi.  32.)  — 
Some  time  ago  a  similar  hoax  was  attempted  upon 
me.  I  advertised  in  your  most  valuable  corner 
for  old  books,  for  a  rare  service  booli,  and  received 
an  answer  that  I  might  purchtise  one  on  vellum, 
and  printed  onh/  on  one  side.  I  thought  to  myself 
that  I  had  for  once  fallen  in  for  a  wonderful  piece 
of  good  luck ;  but  there  was  an  addition  to  the 
offer — namely,  that  the  book  being  at  present  in 
pawn  for  a  debt  of  one  sovereign,  I  must  advance 
so  much  before  I  could  see  the  book.  If  I  did 
this  I  was  then  informed  that  a  lo3G  Bible 
should  also  be  offered  me  at  a  very  reasonable 
price.  Luckily  I  did  not  pay  the  money,  but 
wrote  to  the  person  who  was  said  to  have  the 
custody  of  the  books,  telling  him  I  was  ready  to 
pay  all  expenses  upon  receipt  of  the  books.  The 
letter  was  returned  through  the  Dead  Letter 
Office,  the  person  not  being  known.  I  make  a 
rule  of  never  prepaying  a  book  bill.  J.  C.J. 

Bkeech-Loaders  (3'''1  S.  x.  507.) — I  have  in 
my  possession  a  Jlini-loch  breech-loader.  The 
stock  is  mounted  with  a  steel  plate  bearing  the 
crest  of  the  Cave  family,  and  the  initials  "  T.  C," 
coupled  by  an  escutcheon  on  which  is  engraved 
the  usual  Ulster  hand. 

Presuming  that  this  gun  belonged  to  the  last 
Sir  Thomas  Cave,  who  died  1792,  it  would  be 
about  seventy-six  years  old.  The  maker's  name 
on  the  barrel  is  "  H.  Delany,  London." 

The  lock  is  made  with  a  box  connected  with 
the  pan,  and  which  w^onld  contain  sufficient 
powder  to  charge  the  pan  six  times.  The  barrel 
acts  upon  a  hinge,  and  on  pulling  back  the  trigger 
guard,  it  turns  upwards  and  allows  of  a  small 
casing  or  tube  to  be  taken  out  for  loading,  which, 
when  done,  is  merely  shoved  home  and  the  barrel 
shut  back  to  its  original  place.  During  this  process 
of  loading,  the  pan  charges  itself  by  means  of  an 
internal  scoop  entering  the  side  of  the  powder- 
box,  thus  forming  a  double-action  breech-loader. 

LioM.  r. 

Rev.  Wir,  Chafin,  Attthor  of  "  CRAKBOtrEN 
Ckase  "  (3"i  S.  x.  494.)  —  When  in  1839  I  was 
compiling  A  Chroniele  of  Cranhorne  and  its  Chase, 
wliich  was  published  in  1841,  I  took  the  liberty 
of  addressing  a  letter  to  the  late  Lord  Montagu 
in  reference  to  the  statement  in  Lockhart's  Life 


\  of  Scott,  V.  187,  1st  edxc,  and  received  from  his 
'  lordship  the  following  courteous  reply  :  — 


^Sir 


•  Ditton  Park,  March  27,  1839. 


"  It  gives  me  great  pleasure  to  be  able  to  satisfy 
your  curiositj'  as  to  the  fulfilment  of  Sir  Walter  Scott's 
promise  referred  to  in  the  letter  you  quote  from  the  fifth 
:  vol.  of  Lockhart's  Life.  Sir  Waltei-'s  reading  was,  as  is 
i  well  known,  very  various,  and  he  often  directed  the  attcn- 
j  tion  of  his  friends  to  books'  that  from  their  irregularity 
had  attracted  his  notice  ;  among  others  he  more  than  once 
mentioned  to  me  Cranborne  Chase  as  having  afforded  him 
entertainment,  and  at  his  recommendation  I  got  it.  You 
I  maj'  believe  I  did  not  neglect  his  hint  of  having  some 
blank  leaves  bound  up  with  the  work  ;  and  rather  un- 
reasonablj^  considering  how  much  he  had  then  on  his 
hands,  inserted  half  a  dozen.  When  I  visited  him  in 
1822  (I  think)  I  left  the  volume  with  him,  and  was  very 
well  contented  on  its  return  to  see  a  page  and  a  half 
covered  with  his  handwriting.  The  anecdotes,  though 
laughable,  are  hardly  such  as  I  should  like  to  give  a  copy 
of;  but  should  I  ever  have  an  opportunity,  I  should  have 
no  objection  to  allow  you  the  gratification  of  reading 
them  in  the  original  handwriting  of  one  who,  by  charac- 
ter at  least,  seems  to  have  been  so  well  acquainted  with 
the  author  of  the  Chase,  in  which  you  take  so  strong  an 
interest. 

"  I  am,  Sir, 

"  Your  most  ob*  Ser*, 

"  Montagu." 

I  regret  that  I  have  never  had  an  opportunity 
of  availing  myself  of  his  lordship's  kind  offer  of 
inspecting  this  curious  volume.  But  as  to  the 
story  of  Mr.  Chafin's  sporting  proclivities  mani- 
festing their  early  development  in  the  shooting  of 
his  father's  favourite  cat,  and  in  the  display  of  his 
inventive  faculties  consequent  thereupon ;  being 
desirous  of  some  corroborative  authority,  I  wrote 
to  the  Rev.  William  Butler,  a  gentleman  as  well 
known  in  Dorsetshire  as  Mr.  Chafin  himself  as  a 
celebrated  sportsm.an,  who  favoured  me  with  the 
following  answer :  — 

"  I  believe  that  I  am  now  the  only  one  of  the  late  Mr. 
Chafin's  many  friends  that  has  not  followed  him  to  that 
bourne  from  whence  no  traveller  returns.  I  heard  of  the 
anecdote  of  him  mentioned  in  Lockhart's  Life  of  Scott, 
but  during  the  7na>ii/  hours  so  pleasantly  spent  in  his 
societ}',  I  never  to  the  best  of  my  recollection,  which 
now  (from  my  far  advanced  period  of  life)  frequently  fails, 
heard  my  early  friend  Mr.  Chafin  mention  the  circum- 
stance alluded  to." 

I  may  add  that  I  was  intimately  acquainted 
with  Mr.  Chafin's  niece,  who  resided  with  him 
manjr  years  up  to  the  period  of  his  death,  and  I 
never  heard  her  mention  the  anecdote  reported 
of  her  imcle.  I  remember  hearing,  when  a  boy  at 
school,  that  the  Rev.  Wm.  Butler  was  kept  a  pri- 
soner in  his  attic  by  his  father,  aud  amused 
himself  there  by  catching  tom-tits  in  horse-hair 
springes  from  his  window.  The  one  story  may 
be  as  apocryphal  as  the  other,  but  neither  of  them 
is  an  improbable  illustration  of  a  propensity  '•  that 
seems  to  be  inherent  in  human  nature,"  as  Gilbert 
White  observes.  W.  W.  S. 


64 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[3>-i  S.  XI.  Jait.  19,  '67. 


The  Order  oe  St.  Maxtrice  and  Sx.  Lazarus 
(3">  S.  X.  455.)— D.  P.  asks  :  "  Do  we  ever  hear 
of  it  in  England  ?  Very  likely  any  one  may  who 
chooses  to  inquire."  This  remark  is,  of  course, 
equally  applicable  to  any  foi'eign  order  of  knight- 
hood :  we  do  not  hear  much  of  them  unless  we 
"choose  to  inquire."  But  D.  P.  should  not  allow  his 
political  or  religious  hias  to  lead  him  to  indulge 
in  unworthy  sneers  at  everything  pertaining  to 
the  person  who  is  King  (not  merely  of  Piedmont, 
but)  of  Italy.  The  order  is  one  which  has  at 
various  times  been  conferred  on  many  English- 
men, among  whom  I  may  mention  Admiral  Lord 
Exmouth  and  the  Crimean  general  officers  :  it  is 
one,  therefore,  of  which  a  well-informed  English- 
man may  know  something  without  much  inquiry. 
I  am  not,  I  confess,  so  liberal  as  to  approve  of  the 
decoration  therewith  of  the  infidel  M.  Renan. 
Nor  could  I  repress  a  doubt  as  to  which  was  most 
wanting  in  good  taste,  the  Most  Faithful  King 
who  conferred  the  Order  of  Christ,  or  the  Jew 
financier  who  accepted  it.  At  the  same  time  we 
"who  live  in  glass  houses  should  not  throw 
stones."  We  must  not  forget  that  the  English 
government  conferred  the  noblest  order  of  Chris- 
tian chivalry  on  a  Sultan  of  Turkey ;  and  decor- 
ated with  (in  its  origin)  the  stUl  more  decidedly 
religious  Order  of  the  Bath,  a  man  stained  with 
at  least  a  dozen  cold-blooded  murders,  Jung 
Bahadur  Coomaranagee,  prime  minister  of  Ne- 
paul.  J.  Woodward. 

Montrose,  N.B. 

RoTAL  Arms  of  Prussia  (3'-'*  S.  x.  448.)— The 
escutcheon  of  Prussia,  as  given  by  INIe.  Davidson, 
is  (as  he  appears  to  suspect)  not  nearly  complete, 
even  if  we  disregard  the  quarterings  brought  in 
"by  her  recent  annexations,  and  which  indeed  have 
not  yet  been  formally  incorporated  with  it. 

The  "Majestats-Wappen  "  established  by  the 
royal  decree  of  Jan.  9, 1817,  consists  oi  forty-eight 
quarterings  (not  thirty-six),  and  four  (not  three) 
inescutcheons.  Mr.  Davidson  vvill  like  to  have 
them  in  order :  —  i.  Silesia,  ii.  Lower  Pthine, 
ni.  Posnania,  rv.  Saxony,  v.  Engern,  vi.  West- 
phalia, VII.  Guelders,  viii.  Magdeburg,  ix.  Cleves, 
X.  Juliers,  xi.  Berg,  xii.  Stettin,  xiii.  Pomerania, 
XIV.  Cassuben,  xv.  Duchy  of  Wenden,  xvi.  Meck- 
lenburg, XVII.  Crossen,  xviii.  Thuringia,  xix.  Up- 
per Lusatia,  xx.  Lower  Lusatia,  xxi.  Quarterly 
(1,  Chalons;  2  and  3,  Orange;  4,  Neufchatel— 
over  all,  Geneva),  xxii.  Isle  of  Rugen,  xxiii. 
Quarterly  (1  and  4,  Paderborn;  2  and  3,  Pyrmont), 
XXIV.  Halberstadt,  xxv.  Munster,  xxvi.  Minden, 
xxvn.  Kammin,  xxviii.  Frincipality  of  Wenden 
(different  from  xv.),  xxix.  Principality  of  Schwe- 
rin,  xSx.  Ratzeburg,  xxxi.  Meurs,  xxxii.  Eichs- 
feldt,  XXXIII.  Erfurt,  xxxiv.  Nassau,  xxxv.  Hen- 
neburg,  xxxvi.  Ruppin,  xxxvii.  Marck,  xxxvni, 
Ravensberg,  xxxix,  Hohenstein,  XL.  Tecklenburg, 


XLi.  County  of  Schwerin,  XLii.  Lingen,  XLiii. 
Sayn,  xliv.  Rostock,  xxv.  Stargard,  xlvi.  Arens- 
berg,  XLvii.  Barby,  and  xlviii.  the  "Regalien" 
quarter. 

The  inescutcheons  are :  i.  Prussia,  n.  Branden- 
burg, III.  Burgraviate  of  Niirnburg,  and  iv.  Prin- 
cipality of  Hohenzollern. 

It  is  too  early  to  speculate  as  to  the  additional 
quarterings,  or  their  arrangement ;  the  whole 
escutcheon  will  probably  be  remodelled.  The 
county  of  Ravensberg  was  part  of  the  territory  of 
Juliers,  and  was  situated  on  the  right  bank  of  the 
Rhine,  or  rather,  I  think,  on  the  Maas.  "  A  fine 
big  shield  manufactured  for  England  out  of  her 
palatinates,  duchies,  counties,  and  towns,"  would 
differ  essentially  from  the  great  Prussian  escut- 
cheon, inasmuch  as  the  latter  consists  of  an 
aggregation  of  the  quarterings  of  states  and  ter- 
ritories all  formerly  independent ;  but  one  might 
fairly  desire  to  see  the  principality  of  Wales,  the 
Isle  of  Man,  and  the  various  colonies  of  our  vast 
empire,  represented  in  an  English  '^  MajestJits- 
Wappen."  An  inspection  of  the  shield  of  Prussia, 
and  the  evidence  thereby  afforded  of  her  insa- 
tiable ambition  and  aggressive  policy,  ought  to  be 
sufficient  to  con-vince  those  (happily  becoming 
fewer  every  day)  who  sneer  at  heraldry  and  fail 
to  recognise  that  wliich  is  evident  to  its  least 
diligent  student — namely,  its  vast  utility  as  a 
handmaid  to  history.  John  Woodward. 

Montrose,  N.B. 

Stricken,  or  well  stricken,  in  Years,  or  in 
Age  (S"""^  S.  xi.  12.)  —  H.  can  hardly  need  to  be 
reminded  of  the  well-known  Scriptural  instances. 
Gen.  xviii.  11,  xxiv.  1;  Josh.  xiii.  1,  xxiii.  1,  2; 
1  Kings  i.  1 ;  Luke  i.  7,  18.  There  does  not  seem 
much  difficulty  in  it.  "Years"  means  old  age, 
which  is  looked  on  as  a  sort  of  infirmity  or  cala- 
mity of  nature ;  and  ''  stricken  "  means  visited  or 
afflicted.  The  addition  of  "  well "  is  of  course 
immaterial.  In  every  case  the  Greek  has  simply 
irpo^f^riKds,   advanced;    'njj.ipS)s,   or   iv  i^fxepais,   or 

Tjixepals.  LyTTELTON. 

Hagley,  Stourbridge. 

The  true  meaning  of  this  phrase,  concerning 
which  your  correspondent  inquires,  "stricken  in 
years,"  would  seem  to  be  "far  advanced,  far  gmie, 
in  years."  The  verb  to  strike,  amongst  other 
significations,  sometimes  meant  "to  go  forward, 
to  proceed  onwards  "  (see  Halliwell  and  Wright). 
So  also  the  participle  stricken  signified  "far  gone, 
advanced'^  (Wright).  Hence  " strickeii  in  years" 
:=" advanced  in  years."  The  German  verb  streichen 
sometimes  bears  a  corresponding  signification; 
^^  streichen,  to  move  forward,  to  pass  on" — "Das 
Schiff  streicht  durch  die  Wellen. "  Nor  has  our  own 
vernacular  lost  all  traces  of  a  similar  meaning  in 
the  verb  to  strike ;  as  when  we  speak  of  striking 
out  in  a  new  direction,  striking  into  a  different 


S'-d  S.  XI.  Jax.  19,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


65 


path,  &c.  Hence  will  appear  the  peculiar  pro- 
priety of  such  phrases  in  our  Authorised  Version 
of  the  Bible  as  ''well  stricken  in  age,"  "stricken 
in  years ;  "  where  "  stricken,"  in  the  sense  of  "  ad- 
vanced," faithfully  represents  the  original.  See 
Gen.  xxiv.  1,  Josh.  xiii.  1,  where  in  the  Hebrew 
we  find  D'D^3  N'l,  which  signifies  "fa?-  (/one  in 
life"  (literally  ^'advanced  in  days"),  i.  e.  "stricken 
in  years."  Hence  the  Septuagint  has  irpo^e/SrjKws 
■finepaof,  and  Ostervald  "  avance  en  age."  St.  Luke, 
too,  according  to  his  wont,  Hellenising  the  He- 
brew phrase  in  his  Gospel,  i.  7,  gives  us  ■upofie- 
Ptj Kws  iv  rrah  vfiepais.  And  our  own  Version,  as  if 
to  preclude  the  possibility  of  a  misunderstanding 
as  to  the  sense  in  which  it  employs  the  phrase 
"well  stricken  in  age,"  appends  in  explanation  the 
marginal  note  on  Gen.  xxiv.  1,  "gone  into  days." 
Shakspeare's  "well  struck  in  years"  is  simply 
"  well  stricken  in  years  "  in  another  form. 

SCHIN. 

Book  Inscription  (3'^  S.  x.  390,  461.)  —The 
hymn  referred  to  is  by  Samuel  Grossman,  and 
was  published  by  him  along  with  some  others 
in  1664,     I  append  it :  — 

"  1.  My  life's  a  shade,  my  days 
Apace  to  death  decline ; 
My  Lord  is  life,  he'll  raise 
My  flesh  again,  even  mine. 
Sweet  truth  to  me, 
I  shall  arise. 
And  with  these  eyes 
My  Saviour  see. 
"  2.  My  peaceful  grave  shall  keep 
My  bones  till  that  sweet  day 
I  wake  from  my  long  sleep. 
And  leave  my  bed  of  clay. 
Sweet  truth  to  me,  &c. 
*'  3,  My  Loi-d  His  angels  shall 

Their  golden  trumpets  sound, 
At  whose  most  welcome  call 
My  grave  shall  be  unbound. 
Sweet  truth  to  me,  &c. 
"  4.  What  means  mv  beating  heart 
To  be  afraid  of  death  ? 
My  life  and  I  shan't  part, 
Tho'  I  resign  my  breath. 
Sweet  truth  to  me,  &c. 
"  5.  I  said  sometimes  with  tears. 
Ah,  me !  I'm  loath  to  die  ; 
Lord,  silence  thou  these  fears. 
My  life's  with  Thee  on  high. 
Sweet  truth  to  me,  &c. 
"  6.  Then  welcome,  harmless  grave, 
By  thee  to  Heaven  I'll  go ; 
My  Lord  His  death  shall  save 
Me  from  the  flames  below. 
Sweet  truth  to  me,  &c." 

EesuPvGAM. 

The  Rextans  (3"'  S.  x.  493.)  — A  sect  was 
founded  in  Scotland  in  1679  by  Mr.  Cameron,  a 
Presbyterian  minister,  and  called  after  him  Came- 
ronians  or  Mountaineers.     Cameron  and  his  fol- 


lowers attempted  to  oppose  Sir  John  Graham ;  he 
was  killed,  and  some  of  his  followers  were  made 
prisoners.  When  King  James  published  the  indul- 
gence for  liberty  of  conscience  they  would  not 
accept  it,  but  followed  James  Hemvick,  who  was. 
afterwards  hanged  at  Edinburgh.  Perhaps  this- 
was  the  sect  mentioned  by  your  correspondent. 
John  Piggot,  Jun. 

Betting  (3''''  S.  x.  448,  515.)  — I  am  very  glad 
to  see  this  query.  There  is  no  doubt  the  deposit- 
ing one  article  against  another  in  the  hands  of  a 
stake-holder  to  abide  an  event  is  of  very  old  date. 
The  instance  from  Theocritus  is  paralleled  in  the 
third  eclogue  of  Virgil.  But  we  have  no  mention 
nor  idea  of  what  is  commonly  called  "  odds  "  in 
classic  writers.  Men  wagered  or  staked  one  thing 
against  another  in  classic  times — it  may  have  been 
on  gladiators,  or  on  chariot  races,  blues  or  greens ; 
but  there  seems  to  have  been  no  five  to  four,  seven 
to  eight,  on  or  against,  even  the  racers  in  the 
days  of  Justinian,  when  the  circus  often  flowed 
with  the  blood  of  the  opposing  parties,  so  earnest 
and  absorbing  was  the  struggle.  The  earliest 
mention  of  a  calculation  of  odds  wouldbe  a  curi- 
ous addition  to  the  history  of  the  manners  and 
customs  of  dififerent  periods.  A.  A. 

Poets'  Corner. 

Levesell  (S^-^  S.  X.  508.)  — The  glossary  ta 
Speght's  Chaucer  gives  "levesell,  a  bush."  The 
Parson  in  his  tale  alludes  to  the  bush  hung  over 
the  tavern  door  as  a  sign.  The  same  glossary 
gives  "  lessell "  (twihmculum),  a  bush  or  hovel. 
Your  correspondent  is  no  doubt  correct  in  deriving 
the  word  from  a  cell  of  leaves,  as  a  hovel  made  of 
branches  and  covered  with  leaves ;  but  it  seems 
from  the  giossaiy  in  this  special  instance  the  allu- 
sion is  to  the  bush  formerly  hung  out  to  indicate 
the  sale  of  wine  in  England  as  it  now  is  in  Italy. 
From  whence  our  old  proverb,  "  Good  wine  needs 
no  bush."  A,  A. 

Poets'  Corner. 

Christmas  Box  (S'-^  S.  x.  502.)  —  I  have 
always  been  told  the  phrase  arose  from  the  circum- 
stance that  a  box  was  usually  placed  in  the  halls 
of  old  mansions,  into  which  visitors  were  expected 
to  drop  some  contribution  for  the  Christmas  vails 
of  the  servants,  as  well  as  something  to  keep  up 
the  old  associations  of  the  season.  A.  A. 

Poets'  Corner. 

Pronunciation  of  English:  Rome,  Room^ 
&c.  (S""^  S.  X.  456;  xi.  26.) — I  am  surprised  none 
of  your  contributors  have  mentioned  Earl  Russell 
as  a  steadfast  adherent  to  the  old  affectations  of 
pronunciation.  He  not  only  says  Room  and 
doom  for  Rome  and  dome,  but  obleege  and 
francheese.  About  the  time  of  the  celebrated 
Willis's  Rooms  convention  in  1859,  a  capital  tra- 
vestie  of  Horace's  "  Donee  gratus  eram  tibi  "  ap- 


66 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[3>-<i  S.  XI.  Jax,  19,  '67. 


pearecl  in  Punch,  purporting  to  be  bv  Lord  Derby, 
who  thus  introduces  it :  — 

"  Dear  Punch,  —  I  threw  the  enclosed  off  this  morning, 
■when  I  was  shaving,  and  nicked  my  nose  when  I  came  to 
obleege.    Yours,  Derby."  j 

Obleor/e  bsing  one  of  the  rhymes  put  in  Lord  John's  j 
mouth.     Cucumber  is  still  pronounced  coommhei' 
in  the  west  country  and  in  Scotland.     There  are  ; 
a  good  many  curiosities  of  expression  and  pro-  j 
nunciation  at  Oxford.     Berkshire  is  always  called 
JSarkshire;    Magdalene  College,  Maudlin  by  the 
University,    but  Mag'len   by  the  natives,  whose 
dialect,  by  the  way,  is  about  the  most  coarse  and  I 
mean  of  any  in  England.  High  Street,  Turt  Street,  ; 
and  Broad  Street  are  always  The  High,  The  Turt,  i 
The  Broad.      St.   Aldutis    they   call    St.    OrcTs.  \ 
Soldiers  have  some  peculiarities  of  pronunciation,  i 
A  pouch  is  a  i^ooch;  rations,  rash-nns;  a  chaho,  a 
shahoo;  a  subaltern,  a  subaltern.     These  last  in- 
stances remind  me  how  accentuation  changes  as 
well  as  the  vowel-sounds.     Deuteronomy  is  now 
Deuteronomy  ;  interesting,  interesting ;  and  com- 
pulsory, compulsory.     The  old  rule  that  the  h 
commencing  words  derived  from  the  Latiu  should 
not  be  aspirated,  is  fast  becoming  obsolete.    Uriah 
Heep  finished  off  'umble ;  'ospital  is  very  seldom 
heard  now.     Shall  we  ever  say  ^our  ?  X.  C. 

That  Rome  was  pronounced  Eoom  is  certain.  As 
a  poetical  testimony,  we  may  cite  the  lines  relat- 
ing to  Belinda's  hair,  in  The  Rap?  of  the  Lock  :  — 

"  This  Partridge  shall  behold  with  glad  surprise, 
When  next  he  looks  thro'  Galileo's  eyes ; 
And  hence  the  egregious  wizard  shall  foredoom 
The  fate  of  Louis  and  the  fall  of  Rome." 

W.  E. 

Broadleas,  Devizes. 

Eglinto^-  Tourxamenx  (3'-''  S.  x.  322,  404; 
xi.  21.) — Li  the  list  given  at  the  last  of  the  above 
references, I  find  "Knight  of  Swan,  Hon.  W.  Jern-  \ 
ingham."  This  should  be  Knight  of  the  IVJiite 
Sioan,  the  crest  and  one  of  the  supporters  of  the 
arms  of  Stafibrd  being  a  white  swan,  which  occa- 
sioned the  knight  to  assume  that  designation.  The 
name  should  be  the  Hon.  Edward  Staford  Jern- 
inr/ham.  He  was  the  second  son  of  the  late  George 
Lord  Stafford,  whose  children  by  royal  license 
bear  the  surname  of  Stafford  Jernino-ha'm. 

F.  C.  H. 

Booe;  dedicated  to  the  Virgin-  Mart  (3'"'^  S. 
X.  447 ;  xi.  23.)  —  I  cannot  make  out  the  exact 
complaint  or  objection  of  Mr.  Wixg.  If  he  ob- 
jects to  a  book  of  a  religious  character  being  de- 
dicated to  the  Blessed  Virgin  Mary,  he  may  as 
well  object  to  churches,  religious  houses,  and  even 
streets  bearing  her  name,  and  scruple  to  walk 
down  Ave  Maria  Lane.  But  if  his  objection  lies 
against  the  expression  "  Mary,  Mother  of  Divine 
Grace,"  any  Catholic  will  assure  him  that  the 
phrase  simply  means  Mother  of  Him  xvho  is  the 


Fountain  of  Divine  Grace ;  even  as  the  expression 
"Mother  of  God"  is  only  intended  to  signify  JibiAer 
of  Him  iclio  is  God,  in  which  sense  it  was  sanc- 
tioned in  the  word  QeoroKas  bv  the  General  Council 
of  Ephesus,  held  in  431.        "  F.  C.  H. 

LixEs  0^-  xit3  Eucharist  (3''*  S.  v.  43S;  x. 
519.) — I  have  heard  that  these  lines  were  written 
by  the  Princess  (afterwards  Queen)  Elizabeth, 
when  she  was  in  confinement  under  the  reign  of 
Queen  Mary,  in  answer  to  those  who  wished  to 
entrap  her  into  some  admissions  as  to  the  doctrine 
of  transubstantiation.  Any  historical  proof  of  this 
Avould  be  very  valuable.  A,  A. 

Poets'  Corner. 

"Merci:"  "Thanks"  (.3"^  S.  x.  455,  620.)  — 
As  the  word  "  Merci "  has  again  been  revived  in 
your  numbers,  I  just  take  the  liberty  of  informing 
C.  A.  W.  that  when  "  Merci "  is  used  alone  it 
means  nothing  else  than '' No,  thank  j'ou;"  but 
that  in  polite  society  we  very  seldom  hear  the 
word  "merci"  without  its  adjuncts  "  oui,"  or 
"  non,"  or  "  bien."  "  Dieu  merci  "  means  grace  a 
Bieu.  'S.  H. 

BuRjriXQ  HA.IR  (3"'  S.  x.  146.) — In  India  when 
a  Mahomedan  exorcist  is  engaged  casting  out  a 
devil  from  a  possessed  person,  he  plucks  some  hairs 
off  his  head,  puts  them  in  a  bottle,  and  burns  it,  I 
find  the  following  in  my  note-book,  though  I  can- 
not now  remember  from  what  work  I  copied  it. 
In  1593  a  family  of  the  name  of  Samuel,  consist- 
ing of  husband,  wife,  and  daughter,  were  con- 
demned at  Huntingdon  for  afflicting  some  young 
ladies  of  the  name  of  Throgmortou  with  de^dls. 
Dame  Samuel  underwent  much  ill-usage  at  the 
hands  of  Mrs.  Throgmortou  and  her  friend,  Lady 
Cromwell )  amongst  other  things  whicli  they  did 
was  to  clip  some  of  Dame  Samuel's  hair,  and  burn 
it  as  a  charm  against  her  spells.  H.  C. 

Crammer  Family  (3"»  S.  x.  431,  483.)  —In  a 
paper  by  Chancellor  Massingberd,  read  at  Notting- 
ham in  1S53  {^Architectural  Societies,  ii.  343),  it  is 
stated  that 

"there  is  no  record  that  Thomas,  only  son  of  the  arch- 
bishop, ever  married.  Of  two  daughters,  Alice  and  Mar- 
garet, one  only  appears  to  have  survived  her  father. 
Nothing  further  is  known  concerning  them,  except  that 
the  survivor,  Margaret,  -was  restored  in  blood,  together 
with  her  brother  Thomas,  by  the  reversal  of  their  father's 
attainder  hy  Act  5  Eliz.,  Private  Acts,  c.  17.  Feb.  17, 
1562-3." 

F.  L. 

Kell  Wells  ('.S'^  S.  x.  470.) — I  am  sorry  that 
I  cannot  enlighten  your  correspondent  on  the 
etymology  of  hessels  and  posscls  (which  I  have  my- 
self gathered  in  times  long  past,  when  a  schoolboy, 
in  the  neighbourhood  of  Kell  Well),  but  hell  is 
evidently  synonymous  with  ivell,  and  signifies  a 
well  or  spring  of  water ;  the  latter  word  having 
been  added  when  the  meaning  of  the  former  has 


3^'!  S.  XI.  Jan.  19,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


67 


become  forgot.  It  is  of  Scandinavian  origin  (Old 
Norse,  7ve/f/«;  Uanisli,  7vf/f/e;  Swedish,  7c«//«),  and 
is  one  of  the  many  traces  of  the  occupation  of 
Lincolnshire  and  other  eastern  counties  by  the 
Danes  and  the  Normans,  as  the  Norwegians  are 
styled  by  their  neighbours  at  the  present  day. 
There  is  a  village  called  Normanbj^  quite  adjacent 
to  Kell  Well.  The  same  word  in  its  two  forms  of 
kcJl  and  held  occurs  frequently  in  Westmoreland, 
Cumberland,  and  other  parts  of  the  north-west, 
where,  as  is  well  known,  in  former  times  many  of 
the  Northmen  took  up  their  abode,  and  to  whom 
we  are  probably  indebted  for  such  names  asThrel- 
keld,  Salkeld,  Kellet,  and  Cold  Keld,  which  the 
locality  contains.  J.  W. 

Aberford. 

Hoese-Chestkijt  (.3^^  S.  x.  452,  523.)  —  W. 
should  have  mentioned  the  curious  fact  that  in 
Greek  the  preiix  I-w-ko-  (as  well  as  fiuv-)  is  used  in 

the  words  l-ir-n-ouapa6poi',  'nr-Koa^Kiuov,    'frrirori  (pia,  &C., 

with  the  same  signification  of  something  coarse  or 
large,  as  in  our  horse-laugh,  horse-radish,  horse- 
mushroom,  and  (perhaps)  horse-leech.       E.  S.  D. 

Harvey  Astoi^  (3'-'>  S.  x.  475.)  —  In  the  reply 
to  the  query  respecting  Col.  Harvey  Aston  it  is 
stated  that  he  left  at  his  decease  an  only  son.  He 
left  two  sons,  Henry  Charles  and  Arthur  Ingram, 
and  one  daughter,  Harriet,  married  to  Col.  Edmund 
Henry  Bridgeman,  E.  E.  E.  W. 

BoAvs  AND  Arrows  (S"'  S.  x.  523.)— I  find  when 
the  Marquis  of  Hartford  was  besieged  in  Sherbourn 
Castle  by  the  Earl  of  Bedford,  in  1G42,  that  pro- 
positions to  the  earl  for  surrender  were  shot  over 
the  walls  attached  to  an  arrow.  Can  we  suppose 
that  there  were  archers  in  those  days  ?         E.  V. 

Somerset. 

Jolly  (.S'"  S.  x.  609.)—"  Jolly  "  was  surely  by 
no  means  an  uncommon  word  before  the  time  of 
Chaucer.     In  Herbert   Coleridge's  Dictionary  of 
Words  of  the  Thirteenth   Centxm/,  there  are  two 
references  to  said  adjective,  one  of  which  I  quote  : 
"  Heo  is  dereworthe  in  day, 
Graciouse,  stout,  ant  gay, 
Gentil,_;Wy/so  the  jav,"  Ac. 
(Wright's  Lyric  Fottry,  Temp.  JEdward  I.  p.  52,  Percy 
Soc.) 

In  Sir  Gaioayne  mid  the  Green  Knic/ht  (Early 
English  Text  Society),  which  the  editor  date's 
"  about  1320—30,"  we  have,  1.  86, 

"Bot  Arthurewolde  not  ete  til  al  were  serued, 
He  wat)  so  loly  of  his  loyfnes,"  &c. 

In  Earh/ English  Alliterative  Poems  {B.  E.T.  S.) 
of  tame  date  as  "  Sir  Gawayne,"  Jolly  occurs 
(under  forms  Jolef,joli/f,  or  Joli})  no  less  than  five 
times.  I  quote  one  instance  — 
"  So  cumly  a  pakke  of  loly  luele."— 7%e  Pearl,  1.  928. 
Other  examples  might  be  found  in  yet  earlier 
English,  I  have  no  doubt.        Johx  Adpls,  Jux. 


I      Duke  oe  Geammont  (3''''  S.  x.  408,  616.)— A 

j  story  not  very  unlike  this  is  told  of  Floris  Rade- 

wijnzoon   (Florentius  Eadwini)   the  successor  of 

Geert  Groote  (Gerardus  Magnus)  in  the  headship 

of  the  Brothers  of  the  Common  Life.     It  is  said 

I  that  — 

I  "  His  loT)g  and  repeated  fasts  had  so  completely  de- 
stroyed  his  sense  of  taste,  that  once,  as  his  biographer 

!  relates,  intending  to  drink  off  a  tumbler  of  beer,  he  swal- 

!  lowed  oil  instead  ;  and  that  without  discovering  his  mis- 
take till  it  was  pointed  out  to  him." — Neale's  Hist,  of  the 

,  so-called  Jansenist  Church  of  Holland,  p.  85. 

I  I  cannot  understand  how  fasting  could  destroy 
1  the  sense  of  taste,  and  I  question  if  "  tumbler,"  or 
I  any  Dutch  or  Flemish  equivalent,  is  the  proper 
I  word  to  use  for  a  drinking  vessel  of  the  fourteenth 
century.  K.  p.  D.  E. 

A  Christening  Sermon  (3'-'>  S.  xi.  10.)— At 
the  period  of  the  ''Domestic  Chronicle"  the  bap- 
tismal office  was  used,  as  it  now  again  generally- 
is,  after  the  second  lesson  of  the  Sunday  or  Holy- 
day  service.  The  "Christening  Sermon"  was, 
therefore,  doubtless  delivered  at  the  usual  time, 
and  was  quite  independent  of  the  office  of  bap- 
tism. The  clergy  were  more  apt  then  than  no"w 
to  seize  occasions  of  baptisms,  marriages,  funerals, 
&c.,  to  preach  en  the  doctrines,  duties,  and  warn- 
ings connected  with  such  events ;  and  the  preacher 
who  "bestowed  a  Christening  Sermon"  probably 
only  took  advantage  of  the  sacrament  which  had 
been  administered,  to  impress  upon  the  congrega- 
tion the  doctrine  of  baptism,  or  to  exhort  parents 
and  sponsors  to  train  up  the  children  committed 
to  their  care  in  the  way  they  should  go. 

H.  P.  D. 

Callabre  (S'd  S.  xi,  10.)  —  Callalre  is  a  word 
added  by  the  editors  to  the  edition  of  NaresV. 
Glossary,  1859.  They  give  the  meaning,  "  a  sort 
of  fur,"  quoting  the  very  passage  in  question. 
_  Halliwell  and  Wright,  in  their  archaic  dic- 
tionaries (both  spelling  calaber),  give  the  same 
meaning,  "  a  kind  of  fur." 

Halliwell  gives  three  references,  of  which  one 
is  to  Coventry  Mysteries,  p.  242,  where  the  word 
thus  occurs :  — 

"  Here  colere  splayed,  &  furn'd  with  ermyn,  calabere^ 
or  satan." 

I  do  not  imderstand  the  exact  distinction  be- 
tween the  aldermen  of  the  "graye-cloakes"  and  of 
the  cullahrc.  It  seems  clear,  however,  that  "  the 
Aldermen  of  the  Auncients  graye  Clokes"  (as 
tliey  are  called  lower  down  in  tliis  same  "  Order 
of  the  Hospitals,"  &c.),  are  superior  functionaries 
in  some  way. 

The  document  in  question  is  printed  at  large  in 
Stow' s  Survey  of  London,  Appendix,  vol.  ii.  p.  70.3, 
ed.  1755.  John  Addis,  Jun. 

Old  Proverb  ;  Spider  (3''''  S.  xi.  32.)— I  ven- 
ture to  suggest  that  the  origin  of  the  tradition 


68 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[S"^"!  S.  XI.  Jan.  19,  '67. 


mentioned  by  Henderson  may  liave  been  tbe  in- 
cident related  of  Mahomet  on  his  flight  from 
Mecca — viz.  that  while  concealed  in  the  Cave  of 
Thor,  some  of  the  tribe  of  Koreish,  who  were  in 
pursuit,  came  to  the  mouth  of  the  cave ;  but  on 
perceiving  a  spider's  web  and  a  pigeon's  nest  pro- 
videntially placed  there,  they  concluded  that  the 
cave  was  solitary  and  did  not  enter  it.  (  Vide  Gih- 
hon's  Roman  Empire,  chap.  50,  ed.  MuiTay,  1855.) 

u.  c. 


NOTES  ON  BOOKS,  ETC. 

Tlie  Shakespeare-Expositor:  an  Aid  to  the  Perfect  Under- 
standing of  Shakespeare's  Flays.  By  Thomas  Keightley, 
Editor  of  the  Plays  of  Shakespeare.  (Kussell  Smith.) 
The  readers  of  "  N.  &  Q."  have  received  so  many  proofs 
of  Mr.  Keightley's  critical  acumen,  varied  learning,  and, 
what  is  no  less  important  for  a  commentator,  power  of 
appreciating  the  spirit  of  his  author,  that  they  will 
readily  believe  the  present  volume  to  be  one  which  well 
deserves  the  attention  of  all  students  of  Shakespeare.  It 
was  originallv  intended  to  form  the  complement  to  Mr. 
Keightley's  edition  of  Shakespeare's  Plays  ;  and  is  there- 
fore very  judiciously  printed,  so  as  to  range  with  those 
handsome  little  volumes.  But  it  is  applicable  to  many 
■others,  and  Mr.  Keightley  himself  regards  it  as  peculiarly 
adapted  to  The  Globe  Shakespeare.  The  Introduction,  in 
which  the  author  has  endeavoured  to  reduce  emendatory 
■criticism  to  rule  and  law,  should  be  carefully  studied  by 
all  who  would  trj'  their  hands  at  removing  any  of  the 
■difficulties  or  obscurities  in  the  text  of  our  great 
Dramatist.  Indeed,  it  will  well  repay  all  readers  of 
Shakespeare. 

Shakespeare  illustrated  by  Old  Authors.  By  WilUam 
Lowes  Rushton.  The  First  Part.  (Longman.) 
The  Shakespearian  Illustrations  contained  in  this 
volume  are  selected  from  those  contributed  by  the  author 
since  the  vear  1859  to  the  Berlin  Society  for  the  Study  of 
Modem  Languages.  Mr.  Rushton,  who  anticipated  Lord 
€ampbell  in  the  endeavour  to  prove  by  a  careful  ex- 
■amination  of  the  Plays  that  Shakespeare  was  a  lawyer, 
here  furnishes  some  very  apt  illustrations  of  obscure  pas- 
sages, and  words  and  expressions  of  doubtful  meaning,  by 
.appropriate  extracts  from  authors  whom  Shakespeare  had 
probablj'  read. 

Publishers  and  Authors.     By  James  Spedding.     (Russell 
Smith.) 

Mr.  Spedding  proposes  a  reform  in  the  relations  be- 
tween authors  and  publishers,  and  especially  in  that  sys- 
tem of  agreement  which  is  called  "  half  profits,"  in  which 
the  publisher  makes  profits  in  which  the  author  does  not 
share.  But  his  idea  of  authors  doing  without  publishers, 
and  being  their  own  booksellers,  is  perfectly  impracti- 
cable ;  and  woiild  bi-ing  back  men  of  letters  to  the  con- 
dition in  which  they  were  when  thej^  had  to  seek  fees  for 
dedications,  and  suffer  the  humiliation  of  a  subscription 
list. 

Books  Received. — 
The  Herald  and  Genealogist.  Edited  by  J. Gough  Nichols. 
PaH  XXI. 

Mr.  Nichols  keeps  up  well  the  interest  of  this  useful 
work.  Sheriffs'  Seals,  Monuments  and  Heraldry  of  Old 
Chelsea  Church,  Peerage  of  Ireland,  and  Doubtful  Baro- 


netcies, are  among  the  most  piquant  papers  in  the  pre- 
sent Number. 

The  Book-Worm:    an  Illustrated    Literary  and  Biblio- 
graphical Review.      No.  XII. 
Early  Dutch,    German,  and  English  Printers.     Part  II. 
By  J.  Ph.  Berjeau. 

We  congratulate  M.  Berjeau  on  the  completion  of  the 
first  volume  of  The  Book-  Worm,  with  its  hundred  capital 
facsimile  illustrations,  and  the  progress  of  his  useful  series 
of  Printers'  Marks. 

An  Account  of  the  Parish  of  Sandford,  in  the  Deanery  of 
Woodstock,  Oxon.  By  the  Rev.  E.  Marshall,  M.A. 
(Parker.) 

One  of  those  concise  and  accurate  accounts  of  a  rural 
parish  so  creditable  to  the  authors,  and  so  useful  to  future 
inquirers,  for  which  we  have  recently  been  indebted  to 
many  of  the  Clergy. 

CasselFs  Choral  Music,  selected,  marked,  and  edited  by 
Henry  Leslie.  Number  I.  Price  Twopence.  (Cassell.) 
A  Five-Part  Song,  "  How  soft  the  Shades  of  Evening 
creep,"  the  words  by  Heber,  the  music  by  Henry  Smart, 
carefully  edited  and  beautifally  printed  for  twopence, 
even  in  this  age  of  cheap  music,  must  command  the 
patronage  of  all  lovers  of  Choral  Music. 

The  Rev.  J.  G.  Wood  is  preparing  a  companion  book 
to  his  large  Illustrated  Natural  Histoiy,  under  the  title 
of  Routledge's  Illustrated  Natural  History  of 
Man,  in  all  countries  of  the  world.  The  work  wiU  be 
embellished  with  designs  illustrative  of  the  Manners, 
Customs,  Religious  Rites,  Superstitions,  Dress,  Habita- 
tions, Weapons,  Instruments,  Implements,  &c.,  in  use 
among  the  inhabitants  of  every  part  of  the  globe,  and 
will  be  issued  in  Shilling  Monthly  Parts. 


BOOKS    AND    ODD    VOLUMES 

WANTED   TO   PURCHASE. 
Particulars  of  Price,  &c.,  of  the  foUowine  Books,  to  be  sent  direct 
to  the  gentlemen  by  whom  they  are  required,  whose  names  and  ad- 
dresses are  given  for  that  purpose :  — 

M.  A.  Pladti  Comedi^.    Vol.  EC.    C.  H.  Weise.     Quedlinburgi  et 
Lips.  1847. 

Wanted  by  Mev.  J.  C.  Jackson,  5,  Chatham  Place  East, 
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Select  Letters,  edited  by  Thos.  Hull.    2  Vols.  8vo.    Dodsley,  1778. 
Wanted  by  Dr.  de  Meschin,  5,  Fig-tree  Court,  Temple. 

Hogarth's  Engraving  of  Captain  Coram. 

Wanted  by  Mr.  M.  Cooke,  43,  Acton  Street,  W.C. 


We  are  compelled  to  postpone  until  next  week  Mr.  ChappelVs  paper  on 
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Ale;  and  many  other  interesting  papers,  which  are  in  type. 

Dr.  Williams'  Libbart  is  now  accessible  to  the  public,  at  No.  38, 
Queen's  Sguare,  Bloomsbury. 

DcTCH  Cdstom.  Mr.  Carttar  has  written  to  express  his  regret  that 
he  omitted  to  state  that  he  took  his  reply  from  Chambers's  Journal, 
T.  15. 

Early  English  Text  Societt.  TAe -Secretary/ is  Henry  B.  Wheatley, 
Esq.,  53,  Berners  Street,  W. 

Eboracdm  will  find  a  satisfactory  explanation  of  Folly  in  our  2nd  S. 
ii.  ■136. 

H.  FisHwicK.  TM  first  edition  of  Beaumont  and  Fletcher  (^London 
1647,  folio)  contains  thirty-six  plays. 

L.  B.  is.  we  fear,  not  aware  of  the  existence  of  our  Indices  to  the  1st 
and  2nd  Series.    For  Handicap,  see  1st  S.  xi.  384,  434,491.— -Weapon 

Salve,  2nd  S.  vii.  231,299,  402,445;  viii.  190,  237;  3rd  S.  X.  92 (xaB- 

>-all(Rev.Wm^),  lets.  vi.  414,544;  X.  404. 

BcNTiNo's  Irish  Music.  There  were  three  separate  volumes.  See 
"  N.  &  Q."  1st  S.  iv.  452. 

J.  A.  G.  Wood  (.AtheniB  Oxon.  ii.  676,  by  Bliss),  u-Ao  gives  an  ex- 
tended account  of  the  xvorks  of  Wye  Saltonstall.  knew  very  little  of  his 
■personal  history.  Some  notices  of  him  and  family  may  be  found  xn 
"  N.  &  Q."  2nd  S.  xi.  409,434,  513;  xii.  354, 372,  460. 

"Notes  &  Quebies"  is  registered  for  transmission  abroad. 


NOTES  AND  aUERIES: 

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Part  IL 

Chap.     XXV.  Harlesh  Castle. 

„     XXVI.  Evil  Tidings. 

„  XXVII.  Pages  from  the  Queen's  Journal. 

„  XXVIII.  Meeting  with  old  Friends. 

2.  Social  Dangers. 

3.  Rhoda,  a  Devonshire  Eclogue. 

4.  English  Premiers. 

VIII.  Charles  James  Fox  (concluded). 

5.  The  Column  of  Trajan. 

6.  Catholic  Questions  for  the  New  Session. 

7.  Ancor-Viat— A  New  Giant  City. 

8.  Our  Librarj'  Table. 

Dean  Stanley  on  Loreto— Poujoulat,  Histoire  de  France- 
Tales  of  the  Early  Christians— Nampon,  Etude  de  la  Doc- 
trine Catholique— More  about  Barsetshire— To\vnshends 
Modern  Geometry— Ante-Nicene  Library— Thistledown— 
Miscellaneous— Note  to  the  Article  on  "Irish  Birds'-Ncsts." 
London :   SIMPKIN,  MARSHALL,  &    CO. 

Now  ready,  in  crown  Svo,  10s.  6d. 

CURIOSITIES   OF   CLOCKS   AND 
WATCHES, 

FROM  THE  EARLY  TIMES. 

By  EDWARD    J.    WOOD. 

"  The  curiosities  of  the  subject  ore  infinite  ;  and  5Ir.  Wood  delights 
in  collecting  old  legends,  quaint  stories,  waifs  and  strays  from  the  stasre, 
sweet  songs  of  poets,  and  moral  sayings  of  the  wise,  so  that,  in  fact,  we 
turn  from  page  to  page  with  unflagging  interest,  and  can  hardly  shut 
the  book  until  we  have  reached  the  end."— Guardian 

RICHARD  BENTLEY,  New  Burlington  Street. 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[S'd  S.  XL  Jan.  26,  '67. 


Ti 


PAPER  AND   ENVELOPES. 

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36s.        WARD'S  PAZiS  SHERRir        36s. 


H 


EDGES    &    BUTLER,  Wine   Merchants,    &c., 

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SHERRY. 


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PORT. 
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CLARET. 
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BURGUNDY. 
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72«.;  C5teR6tie.60s.,72s.,  84s.;  Cortoa,  Nuits,  Romance,  Clos-de-Vou- 
ge6t,&c.;  Chablis,  24s.,30s.,36s.,42s.,48s.;Montrachet  and  St.Peray; 
Bparkling  Burgundy,  &c. 

HOCK. 
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MOSELLE. 
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3rd  S.  XI.  Jajt.  26,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUEEIES. 


69 


LONDON^,  SATURDAY,  JAXVARY  26,  1SG7. 


CONTENTS.— No  265. 


]SrOTES:  — An  old  Book  from  the  Library  of  Gibbon,  C9  — 
Inscriptions  on  Portraits,  71  —  The  Destruction  of  Priest- 
ley's Library  in  1791,  72  — Alleged  Longevity:  Mary  Ann 
Donovan:  Mary  Galligan  :  Peggy  Walsh  —  The  Head  of 
Cardinal  Richelieu— Hoop  Petticoats— Wadmoll  —Theatre 
Mottoes— Samian  Pottery —Shakspeariana :  "  Merry  Wives 
of  Windsor,"  72. 

QUERIES :  —  Thomas  Lord  Cromwell,  a  Singer  and  Come- 
dian, 74  —  Adolphus's  "History  of  England"  — Age  of 
Ordination  in  Scotland  in  1G82  —  Angels  of  the  Churches, 
Rev.  1.  —  Bernard  and  Lechton  Families  —  Caricatvires  — 
Church  Dedication:  Wellingborough  — Cromwell's  sailing 
for  America  —  Andrew  Crbsbie  —  Epigram  —  "  Gluggity 
Glug  "  —  Hip  and  Thigh  —  The  most  Christian  King's 
Great  Grandmother  —  Hours  of  Divine  Service  and  Meals, 
temp.  James  I.  —  Linkumdoddie— Carlo  Pisacane  —  Old 
Pictures  —  The  Quarter  Deck  —  Quotation  wanted  — 
Slade  :  Derivation  of  the  Name  —  "  Solomon's  Song  "  pr.ra- 
phrased"  —  Earl  Temple  — Topsy  Turvy,  7-i. 

■QUEEiES  WITH  AusAVEES :  —  "  Johnnie  Dowie's  Ale  "  — 
Alexander  the  Great  —  The  First  Book  printed  in  England 
—  Bessum,  77. 

REPLIES :  —  Ronget  de  I'Isle :  Music  of  "  Marseillois 
Hymn,"  79  —  "  Pinkerton's  Correspondence:"  George 
Robertson,  80  — Fert:  Arms  of  Savoy,  81  — Mortice  and 
Tenon,  82  — Lady  Richardson,  83—  Itineraries  of  Edward 
I.  and  Edward  II.,  lb.  —  Bishop  Hare  and  Dr.  Bentley  — 
Early  Cockneyism  —  Meyers's  Letters  —  The  Name  of 
Howard  —  Christopher  Collins,  the  Constable  of  Queens- 
borough  Castle  — Morkin,  or  Mortkin,  its  Derivation  — 
Marlborough's  Generals  — Friedrich  Riickert  —  Burning 
of  the  Jesuits'  Books,  Jtc,  81. 

Notes  on  Books,  &c. 


AN  OLD  BOOK  FROM  THE  LIBRARY  OF 
GIBBON. 

Last  summer,  in  looking  over  the  stock  of  a 
secoucl-hand  bookseller  at  Lausanne,  I  pitcked 
upon  a  book  said  to  have  been  formerly  in  the 
possession  of  Gibbon,  and  I  believe  the  state- 
ment to  be  correct.  I  purchased  it  for  a  small 
sum.     The  title-page  is  as  follov?s  :  — 

«  The  COVNT  of  GABALIS,  or  conferences  about 
Secret  Sciences  Rendered  out  of  French  into  English. 
With  an  Advice  to  the  Reader.  By  A.  L.  A.  M.  Quod 
tanto  impendio  absconditur,  etiam  solum  modo  demonstrare 
destruire  est. — TertuUian.  London,  printed  for  Robert 
Harford  at  the  Angel  in  Cornhill,  near  the  Royal  Ex- 
change.    M.DC.LXXX." 

The  book  is  the  ordinary  chap-book  size,  and  is 
bound  in  plain  sheepskin ;  but  it  is  not  a  chap- 
book,  and  is  printed  on  better  paper.  On  the 
inner  part  of  the  binding  is  the  name,  "  E-^  Cowle" ; 
also  "  E.  Gerarde,  Anno  Domini,"  and  some  writ- 
ing too  indistinct  to  decipher.  On  the  title-page 
is  the  name  ^'  E.  Gerard"  ;  on  the  back  of  the  same 
page  is  "  J.  Winterflood,*  his  Book,  10°  Aug',  1680, 
pr.  1'  8^."  The  same  name  and  date  are  found  at 
the  top  of  p.  1  and  at  the  bottom  of  the  last  page. 


I  presume  that  some  owner  of  the  book  has  been 
a  lawyer  or  a  lawyer's  clerk ;  for  on  a  fly-sheet  is 
found  :  "  Know  all  men  —  know  men  by  these 
presents  1  now."  The  work  is  divided  into  five 
chapters,  which  are  called  "The  first  conference 
about  secret  sciences"  ;  "The  second,"  &c,  "The 
Translator's  advice  to  the  Header,"  is  a  curious 
bit  of  Rabelaisian  gossip,  in  which  he  complains 
of  being  forestalled  by  "  an  Ingennuous  Transla- 
tor." The  several  chapters  treat  of  Sylphs,  Gnomes, 
Nymphes,  Salamanders,  Incubi,  Fauns,  Satyrs, 
&c.  The  following  passage,  at  p.  29,  will  give  a 
good  idea  of  the  style  and  matter :  — 

"  The  Salamanders,  as  you  perhaps  already  conceive, 
are  composed  of  the  most  subtle  parts  of  the  sphere  of  fire, 
conglobated  and  organised,  by  the  influence  of  the  uni- 
versal tire  so  called,  because  it  is  the  principle  of  all  the 
motions  of  nature.  In  the  same  manner  the  Sylphs  are 
composed  of  the  purest  atomes  of  air,  the  Nymphes  of  the 
thinnest  particles  of  water,  and  the  Gnomes  of  the  sub- 
tilest  parts  of  the  earth.  Adam  bore  some  proportion 
with  these  so  perfect  creatures,  because  being  made  up  of 
the  purest  part  of  the  four  elements  ;  he  contained  in 
himself  the  perfections  of  these  four  kinds  of  People,  and 
was  their  natural  King.  But  when  sin  had  precipitated 
him  among  the  excrements  of  the  elements,  the  harmony 
was  untuned,  and  becoming  gross  and  impure  he  bore  no 
more  proportion  with  those  so  pure  and  subtile  sub- 
stances. What  remedy  to  this  evil  ?  How  is  the  Lute 
to  be  tuned  again,  and  this  lost  soveraignty  retrived  ? 
O  Nature !  Why  art  thou  so  little  studied  ?  Do  not  you 
conceive,  my  son,  with  what  simplicity  nature  can  re- 
store man  to  the  blessings  which  he  hath  lost  ?  " 

We  are  then  told :  — 

"  If  we  would  recover  the  empire  over  the  Salamanders, 
we  must  purifie  and  exalt  the  element  of  fire  that  is  in  us, 
and  raise  again  the  tone  of  that  slackening  string." 

Then  follows  the  simple  mode  by  which  this  is 
to  be  effected  :  — 

"  There  is  no  more  to  be  done,"  says  the  Count,  "  but 
to  concentrate  the  fire  of  the  Avorld  by  concave  mirrors  in 
a  bowl  of  glass  ;  and  this  is  the  operation  which  all  the 
Ancients  have  religiously  concealed,  until  Divine  Tlieo- 
phrastus  revealed  it.  In  that  bowl  there  is  a  solary 
powder  made,  which  being  of  it  self  purified  from  the 
mixture  of  other  elements,  and  being  prepared  according 
to  art,  becomes  in  a  veiy  short  time  a  soveraign  remedy 
to  exalt  the  fire  that  is  in  us,  and  to  make  us  (if  one  may 
say  so)  become  of  an  igneous  nature.  Then  do  the  inhabit- 
ants of  the  sphere  of  fire  become  our  inferiors,  and  are 
ravished  to  see  our  mutual  harmony  restored,  and  that 
we  are  become  like  to  them." 


*    Winterflood  is  a  name  that  is  new  to  me.     I  never 
met  with  it  elsewhere. 


At  p.  38  the  Count  "religiously"  recommends 
"secrecy"  to  the  student  of  secret  sciences,  be- 
cause — 

"  Judges  are  strange  men !  they  condemn  a  most  inno- 
cent action  as  a  most  hainous  crime.  What  barbarity 
to  cause  burn  those  two  Priests  whom  the  Prince  of 
Mirandula  says  he  knew  ;  each  of  whom  had  his  Sylphide 
for  the  space  of  forty  years!  What  inhumanity  was  it 
to  put  to  death  Jean  HervilUer,  who  for  the  space  of 
thirty-six  years  laboured  in  the  immortalizing  of  a 
gnome!  And  how  ignorant  was  Bodinns  to  call  her  a 
witchj^and  to  take  occasion  from  her  adventure  to  autho- 
rize the  vulgar  fancies  concerning  sorcerers  by  a  Book 


70 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[3'd  S.  XI.  Jan.  26,  '67. 


no  less  impertinent  than  that  of  his  Eepublick  is 
rational." 

At  p.  46  we  read  that,  at  Paris  — 
"  Do  not  men  daily  consult  Aquatick  oracles  in  Water- 
glasses  or  Basins;  and  Aerial  oracles  in  looking-glasses, 
and  on  the  hands  of  virgins?  are  not  lost  beads  and 
stolen  watches  thus  recovered?  Do  not  they  likewise 
hear  news  from  distant  countreys  and  from  absent 
friends  ?" 

The  chapter  that  contains  the  last  quoted  pas- 
sage has  a  dissertation  on  the  heathen  oracles  and 
the  sybilline  books.  The  sum  of  the  argument  is, 
that  Apollo  was  not  a  false  god  — 
"  Seeing  Idolatry  did  not  begin  till  long  after  the  Divi- 
sion of  tongues :  and  it  would  be  very  unlikely  *  to  at- 
tribute the  sacred  books  of  the  Sybills,  and  all  the  proofs 
of  the  True  religion,  which  the  Fathers  have  drawn  from 
them,  to  the  Father  of  Lies." 

At  p.  63  we  learn  that  the  demons  of  the  ancient 
philosophers  are  — 

"  An  aerial  people,  bearing  rule  over  the  elements,  mortal 
and  generative,  but  unknown  to  this  age  by  those  who 
search  little  for  truth  in  its  ancient  habitations ;  that 
is  to  say,  in  the  Cabal  and  Theology  of  the  Hebrews,  who 
had  the  pai-ticular  art  of  entertaining  that  aerial  nation, 
and  conversing  with  the  inhabitants  of  air." 

At  p.  67,  after  a  dissertation  whether  aerial 
beings  can  marry  mortals,  the  affirmative  of  which 
is  proved,  the  student  is  thus  counselled  :  — 

"  I  would  not  advise  you  to  delay  your  entering  into 
commerce  with  the  elementarj^  people.  You  will  tind 
them  very  honest  folks — knowing,  beneficent,  and  fearers 
of  God.  It  is  my  opinion  you  should  begin  with  the 
salamanders  ;  for  in  your  figure  you  have  Mars  in  the 
mid-heaven,  which  imports  that  there  is  a  great  deal  of 
fire  in  all  j-our  actions.  And  as  to  marriage,  I  would 
advise  you  to  take  a  sylpldde ;  you'll  live  happier  -with 
her  than  with  anj'  of  the  others :  for  you  have  Jupiter  on 
the  cusp  of  your  ascendant,  within  a  sextile  of  Venus. 
Now  Jupiter  rules  over  the  air  and  the  people  of  the  air. 
However,  you  must  consult  your  own  heart  about  the 
matter :  for,  as  you  shall  one  day  know,  a  Sage  is  governed 
by  the  internal  planets,  and  the  planets  of  the  external 
heavens  serve  onlj'  to  make  known  to  him  more  certainly 
the  aspects  of  the  internal  heaven  -(vhich  is  in  every 
creature.  So  that  it  lies  at  your  door  now  to  tell  me 
what  your  inclination  is,  to  the  end  we  may  proceed  to 
your  match  with  those  of  the  Elementary  people  whom 
you  hke  best." 

The  student  hesitates,  and  thinks  that  perhaps 
the  elementarj^  people  may  be  children  of  the 
devil.  The  Count,  to  dissipate  such  doubts  and 
fears,  appeals  to  the  saints  and  fathers — quoting 
Athanasius,  Jerome,  St.  Anthony,  &c. ;  and  proves 
that  they  alwaj's  considered  the  elementary  people 
to  be  good  and  holy  beings,  with  whom  it  was  no 
sin  for  mortals  to  marry  !  But  his  great  argument 
is  derived  from  the  fall  of  Adam  and  Eve.  Accord- 


*  This  means  that  it  would  be  a  very  unseeml}^  or 
improper  thing !  It  is  a  common  expression  in"  the 
North  of  England:  "He's  a  very  unlikely  sort  of  a 
person." 


ing  to  the  interpretation  of  Count  Gabalis,  Adam 
was  to  have  been  united  to  an  elementary  spirit, 
and  Eve  was  to  have  adopted  a  similar  union. 
Their  sin  and  fall  consisted  in  their  becoming  man 
and  wife,  and  eschewing  marriage  with  elemen- 
tary spirits !  The  argument  is  curious,  but  the 
language  is  not  wholly  such  as  would  be  proper 
to  quote.  At  p.  79  we  are  introduced  to  Zoroaster, 
who  — 

"  had  the  honor  to  be  the  son  of  the  Salamander  Oro- 
viasis,  and  Vesta,  the  wife  of  Noah.  He  lived  twelve 
hundred  j'ears,  the  wisest  monarch  in  the  world,  and 
then  was  by  his  father  Oromasis  transported  into  the 
region  of  Salamanders." 

This  out-Zadkiels  Zadkiel !  but  there  is  some- 
thing still  better  to  follow  in  the  way  of  genea- 
logy :  — 

"  Let  us,"  says  the  Count,  "  return  to  Oromasis :  he 
was  beloved  of  Vesta,  the  wife  of  Noah.  That  same 
Vesta  after  her  death  was  the  tutelary  genius  of  Rome, 
and  the  sacred  fire  which  she  would  have  carefully  kept 
by  virgins,  was  to  the  honour  of  her  gallant  the  Sala- 
luander.  Besides  Zoroaster,  they  had  also  a  daughter  of 
an  excellent  beauty  and  extream  wisdom.  She  was  that 
divine  Egeria  from  whom  Nunia  Fompilius  received  all 
his  laws.  .  .  .  William  Fostoll,  the  least  ignorant  of 
all  who  have  studied  the  Cabal  in  the  common  Books, 
knew  that  Vesta  was  the  wife  of  Noah,  but  he  was  igno- 
rant that  Egeria  was  the  daughter  of  that  Vesta;  and 
not  having  read  the  secret  books  of  the  Antient  Cabal,  of 
which  thePrince  of  Mirandula  bought  a  copj'  at  so  dear 
a  rate :  he  believed  that  Egeria  was  only  the  good  genius 
of  Noah's -^vife.  .  .  .  the  Cabal  is  of  iconderful  use  for 
illustrating  Antiquity  [the  italics  are  the  author's],  and 
without  it  Scripture,  History,  Fables,  and  Nature  are 
obscure  and  unintelligible." 

Romulus  is  brought  on  the  stage  at  p.  87, 
thus :  — 

"  We  find,  in  Titus  Livius,  that  Romulus  was  the  son 
of  iliars  ;  the  wits  say  that  it  is  a  fable;  the  Divines  that 
he  was  the  son  of  a  Devil.  But  we,  who  know  Nature, 
and  who  are  called  by  God  from  darkness  to  his  marvel- 
lous light — we  know  that  this  same  pretended  3Iars  was 
a  Salamander ;  who,  taken  with  the  young  Sylvia,  made 
her  the  mother  of  great  Romulus,  the  Hero  who,  having 
founded  his  stateh'  city,  was  by  his  father  carried  away 
in  a  flaming  chariot,  as  Zoroaster  was  by  Oromasis.^' 

"We  are  then  introduced  to  Se?-vms  Paulus,  the 
"famous  Hercules,'"  the  "invincible  Alexander, ^^ 
"  divine  Plato,^^  the  "  more  divine  Apollonius 
TMatieus,"  "Achilles,"  '^  Sa)-pedon,"  ^^ Phis  yEneas," 
and  "  renowned  Melchisedeck," — all  of  whom  had 
elementary  spirits  for  their  fathers !  the  father 
of  the  last  named  being  a  Syl^jh  ! !  The  author 
having  laboured  hard  to  prove  the  goodness  and 
piety  of  the  elementary  people,  is  enabled  to  give 
a  proof  of  it ;  for  at  p.  104  we  have  "  The  Prayer 
of  the  Salamanders,"  a  remarkable  specimen  of 
bombast  and  hyperbole.  The  Count  asks :  "  Is  it 
not  very  learned,  very  sublime,  and  very  devout  ?  " 
The  student  replies :  "  And  besides,  very  obscure 
too!"  and  saj's  that  he  agrees  with  a  preacher 
who,  quoting  it,  said  "  that  it  proved  that  the  Devil, 


3'd  S.  XI.  Jan.  26,  -67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


71 


amongst  his  other  vices,  zvas  a  notorious  great  hypo- 
crite!" 

The  remaining  portion  of  the  book  is  fQled  up 
with  some  most  extraordinary  stories,  for  the 
truth  of  which  we  are  referred  to  authors  with 
outlandish  names,  Christian,  Jewish,  and  Pagan ! 
Such  is  a  brief  abstract  of  a  very  curious  book. 
I  should  like  to  know  a  little  of  its  origin.  Is  it 
really  translated  from  the  French  ?  and  if  so, 
what  is  the  date  and  title  of  the  original  work, 
and  by  whom  was  it  written  ?  Has  Gibbon  made 
any  use  of  it  ? 

Is  it  a  burlesque  on  philosophy,  falsely  so  called  ; 
or  is  the  author  a  believer  in  "  secret  sciences," 
and  a  mere  republisher  of  what  is  found  in  the 
works  of  ancient  heathen  authors  and  Talmudical 
writers  ?  Had  Rabelais  anything  to  do  with  it  ? 
It  is  very  much  in  his  style. 

I  suspect  that  the  "  A.  L.  A.  M."  of  the  title- 
page  is  "  A.  Lovell,  A.M.,"  the  translator  of  a 
work  advertised  in  a  catalogue  *  at  the  end  of 
the  volume,  and  entitled  — 

"  Indiculus  Universalis,  or  the  Universe  in  epitome  : 
wherein  the  names  of  all  arts  and  sciences,  with  their 
most  necessary  terms,  are  in  English,  Latine,  and  French 
methodically  and  distinctly  digested,  &c.  Composed  at 
first  in  French  and  Latine  for  the  use  of  the  Dauphin  of 
France,  by  the  learned  T.  Forney,  and  now  made  English 
by  A.  Lovell,  M.A.,  in  Octavo." 

If  the  old  book  from  which  I  have  quoted  is 
not  in  the  national  library,  I  shall  be  happy 
to  present  my  copy  on  receiving  an  intimation 
through  ''N.  &  Q."  that  the  gift  will  be  ac- 
ceptable. James  Henry  Dixon. 

Florence. 

[The  author  of  this  diverting  work  is  Montfaucon  de 
Villars,  a  French  Abbe,  who  came  from  Toulouse  to 
Paris  to  make  his  fortune  by  preaching.  The  five  dia- 
logues of  which  it  consists  are  the  result  of  those  gay 
conversations  in  which  the  Abb^  was  engaged  with  a 
small  circle  of  men  of  fine  wit  and  humour  like  himself. 
When  the  work  was  first  published  at  Paris  in  1670,  it  was 
universally  read  as  innocent  and  amusing.  But,  at 
length,  its  consequences  were  perceived,  and  reckoned 
dangerous.  Our  devout  preacher  was  denied  the  chair, 
and  his  book  forbidden  to  be  read.  It  is  not  clear  whe- 
ther the  author  intended  to  be  ironical,  or  spoke  all  seri- 
ously. The  second  volume,  which  he  promised,  would 
have  decided  the  question ;  but  the  unfortunate  Abbe'  was 
soon  after  assassinated  by  ruffians  on  the  road  to  Lyons. 
The  laughers  gave  out  that  the  gnomes  and  sylphs,  dis- 
guised like  ruffians,  had  shot  him,  as  a  punishment  for 
revealing  the  secrets  of  the  Cabala ;  a  crime  not  to  be 
pardoned  by  those  jealous  spirits,  as  Villars  himself  has 
declared  in  his  book.  It  was  from  The  Count  of  Gabalis 
that  Pope  derived  the  hint  of  his  machinery  for  The  Rape 
of  the  Lock,  (VVarton's  Essay  on  Pope,  p.  277.) 


There  is  another  and  better  English  translation  of  the 
same  date,  entitled  "  The  Count  of  Gabalis :  or,  the  Ex- 
travagant Mysteries  of  the  Cabalists,  exposed  in  Five 
Pleasant  Discourses  on  the  Secret  Sciences.  Done  into 
English  by  P.  A.,  Gent.  [i.  e.  Philip  Ayres],  with  Short 
Animadversions.  London,  Printed  for  B.  M.,  Printer  to 
the  Cabalistical  Society  of  the  Sages,  at  the  sign  of  the 
Rosy-Crusian,  1G80,"  12mo.  At  the  end  of  the  book, 
making  twelve  pages,  are,  "  The  Translator's  Animadver- 
sions on  the  Foregoing  Discourses,"  of  which  we  need 
only  to  quote  the  introductory  paragraph  as  a  curious 
specimen  of  the  amenities  of  literature.  He  says,  "  I  have 
ventured  to  translate,  at  my  vacant  hours,  (being  much 
afi'ected  at  the  odd  curiosity  of  the  Cabalistic  Sciences) 
this  Tract,  somewhat  resembling  a  philosophick  romance, 
as  fabulous  and  weak,  as  an  Old  Monk's  Legend.  In  it 
you  will  find  the  Cabalist  to  be  a  miserable  blind  crea- 
ture, fit  for  a  dog  and  a  bell  ;  yet,  in  his  own  conceit, 
more  seeing  than  all  the  Avorld  and  best  qualified  for  the 
office  of  a  guide :  much  devoted  to  idle  traditions,  by 
which  crooked  line  he  measures  religion  and  reason :  a 
great  hater  of  women,  yet  much  addicted  to  venery  in  a 
philosophick  way.  In  a  word,  a  creature  of  much  choler 
and  little  brains.  The  madness  of  him  may  make  you 
laugh ;  but  his  follj'  will  sometimes  grieve  you." 

The  other  translation  of  The  Count  of  Gabalis  picked 
up  by  our  correspondent  is  not  in  the  British  Mu- 
seum, and  we  are  assured  it  will  be  an  acceptable  dona- 
tion, although  the  national  library  contains  the  French 
editions  of  1670  and  1684,  and  three  copies  of  Ayre's  trans- 
lation.— Ed,] 


*  I  shall  return  to  this  catalogue  hereafter. 


INSCRIPTIONS  ON  PORTRAITS. 

In  answer  to  the  invitation  of  the  Editor  I  send 
the  following  inscriptions,  which  I  copied  from 
portraits  at  the  National  Portrait  Exhibition  of 
1866.     The  numbers  refer  to  the  catalogue. 

46.  Richard  Fox,  Bishop  of  Winchester.  Lent 
by  Corpus  Christi  College,  Oxford. 

"  Clarus  Wjmtoniae  prsesul  cognoie  Foxus 

Qui  pius  hoc  olim  nobile  struxit  opus 

Talis  erat  forma  talis  dum  vixit  amictu 

Qualem  spectanti  picta  tabella  refert." 

126.  Thomas  Cromwell,  Earl  of  Essex.  Lent 
by  the  Countess  of  Caledon. 

"  Et  bonus  et  prudens  Christi  Regisque  minister 
Constans  vir  promptus  pectore  fronte  manu 
Vix  in  amicitia  talis  vix  nascitur  heros 
Plus  patrie  fidus  plus  pietatis  amans. 

133.  Sir  Henry  Wyat.  Lent  by  Earl  of  Rom- 
ney.  The  cat,  which  is  said  to  have  fed  him  in 
prison,  is  pulling  a  pigeon  in  through  the  iron 
grate  of  the  window.  Beneath  are  the  lines  — 
"  Hunc  macrum,  rigidum,  moesttlm,  fame,  frigore,  cura, 
Pavi,  fovi,  acui,  came,  calore,  joco. 
This  knight  with  hunger,  cold  and  care  neere 

starv'd,  pincht,  pjni'de  aw  [aye,] 
I  sillie  Beast  did  feede,  heate,  cheere,  with 
dyett,  warmth  and  playe." 


72 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[S'l  S.  XI.  Jan.  26,  '67 


361.  Sir  Francis  Drake.    Lent  ty  tlie  Corpora- 
tion of  Plymouth. 

"  Sir  Drake,  whom  -well  the  worlds  ends  knowe, 
Which  thou  didst  compasse  rouude, 
And  whome  both  poles  of  heaven  ons  saw 

Which  North  and  South  do  bound, 
The  Starrs  aboue  will  make  thee  known 

If  men  here  silent  were, 
The  Sunn  himself  cannot  forget 
His  fellow  traveller. 
"  Great  Drake,  whose  shippe  aboute  the  worlds  wide 
wast 
In  three  yeares  did  a  golden  girdle  cast. 
Who  with  fresh  streames  refresht  this  town  that  first 
Though  kist  with  waters  yet  did  pine  for  thirst, 
Who  both  a  pilott  and  a  magistrate 
Steer'd  in  his  turne  the  shippe  of  Plj'mouths  state, 
This  little  table  shewes  his  face  whose  worth 
The  worlds  wide  table  hardly  can  sett  forth." 

454.  Princess  Louisa  of  Bohemia.      Lent  by 
the  Earl  of  Craven. 

"  Omnia  vanitas  praster  amare  Deum  et  illi  soli  servire. 
"  Thom.  a  Kemp." 


Lent  by  the  Bodleian 


473.  William  Camden, 
Library. 

"  Hie  oculos  similes  vultusque  hie  ora  tueri 
Poteris,  nee  ultra  hose  artifex  quivit  manus, 

Annales  ipsum  celebrisque  Britannia  monstrant 
Perenniora  saxo  et  sere  fj-ur^fxara. 

Quisquis  et  Historise  Cathedram  banc  conscenderit,  esto 
Benignitatis  usque  Monumentum  loquax." 

E.  S.  D. 


THE  DESTRUCTION  OF  PEIESTLEY'S  LIBRARY 
m  1791. 
A  correspondent  of  one  of  the  morning  papers 
calls  attention  to  an  error  in  Jesse's  Life  of  George 
III.,  iii.  181.  The  passage  in  -which  it  is  con- 
tained is  as  follows  :  — 

"  On  the  occasion  of  Dr.  Priestley  and  his  political 
friends  celebrating  the  second  anniversaiy  of  the  capture 
of  the  Bastille  by  a  public  dinner,  the  loyal  population  of 
Birmingham  attacked  the  hotel  where  the  democrats  were 
dining,  and  afterwards  demolished  Dr.  Priestley's  chapel 
and  residence." 

The  writer  then  states  that  this  is  an  error,  and 
ends  by  deploring  the  fact  that  an  intelligent  his- 
torian should  not  have  made  himself  better  ac- 
quainted with  all  the  circumstances.  It  is  true 
that  Mr.  Jesse  has  got  one  version  of  the  storj^, 
and  not  the  correct  one.  The  whole  history  of 
the  outrage  is  given  circumstantially  in  An  Appeal 
to  the  Public  on  the  Riots  at  Binninxjham,  by 
Dr.  Priestley;  and  although  there  were  several 
replies  to  that  appeal,  the  facts  as  to  the  dinner 
and  subsequent  destruction  of  his  property  have 
never  been  disputed.  It  may  be  as  well  to  give 
it  as  the  Doctor  relates  it  on  page  25  :  — 

"  With  the  dinner  itself  I  had,  in  a  manner,  nothing 
to  do.  I  did  not  so  much  as  suggest  one  of  the  proper 
and  excellent  toasts  provided  on  the  occasion,  though  it 
was  natural  for  my  friends  to  look  to  me  for  things  of 


that  kind,  if  I  had  interested  myself  much  in  it ;  and 
when  opposition  was  talked  of,  and  it  was  supposed  that 
some  insidts  would  be  offered  to  myself  in  particular,  I 
jdelded  to  the  solicitations  of  my' friends,  and  did  not 
attend.  Others,  however,  went  on  that  very  account, 
thinking  it  mean  and  unbecoming  Englishmen  to  be  de- 
terred from  a  lawful  and  innocent  act  b}'  the  fear  of  law- 
less insult ;  and  accordinglj*  they  assembled  and  dined 
in  number  between  eightj^  and  ninety. 

"  When  the  company  met,  a  crowd  was  assembled  at 
the  door,  and  some  of  them  hissed  and  showed  other 
marks  of  disapprobation,  but  no  material  violence  was 
offered  to  any  body.  Mr.  Keir,  a  member  of  the  Church 
of  England,  took  the  chair ;  and  when  they  had  dined, 
drunk  the  toasts,  and  sung  the  songs  Avhich  had  been 
prepared  for  the  occasion,  they  dispersed.  This  was 
about  five  o'clock,  and  the  town  remained  quiet  till  about 
eight.  It  was  evident,  therefore,  that  the  dinner  was  not 
the  proper  cause  of  the  riot  which  followed ;  but  that  the 
mischief  had  been  preconcerted,  and  that  this  particular 
opportunity  was  laid  hold  of  for  the  purpose." 

My  copy  of  the  Appeal  is  of  the  second  edition, 
published  in  1792.  I  find  that,  according  to 
Bohn's  Lowndes,  a  copy  of  this  work  is  noticed  as 
follows:  ''Bindley,  part  ii.  2247,  with  MS.  notes 
by  Burke,  3^.  15s. ;  resold  Hibbert,  6576,  4Z.  14s." 
Is  it  known  what  became  of  this  copy,  and  where 
it  is  at  present  ?  *  T.  B. 


Alleged  Loif  gevitt  :  Maet  Akn  Dok-ovan  : 
Maet  GalligaivT. — I  was  about  to  invite  some  of 
the  readers  resident  in  Dublin  to  investigate  the 
case  of  Mary  Ann  Donovan,  stated  to  have  died 
in  that  city  at  the  age  of  104,  when  the  case  was 
disposed  of  by  the  following  letter  to  the  editor 
of  The  Times,  which  appeared  in  that  paper  on 
January  14 :  — 

"  Sir, — Having  read  in  The  Times  of  the  10th  inst.  an 
account  of  the  death,  at  Dublin,  of  Marj'  Ann  Donovan^ 
aged  104  years,  whose  father  is  stated  to  have  been  a  sur- 
geon in  the  Scots  Fusileer  Guards,  I  wish  to  state  that 
there  never  was  a  medical  officer  of  that  name  in  this 
regiment,  nor,  so  far  as  can  be  ascertained  from  the  regi- 
mental records,  was  there  ever  any  one  whatever,  either 
ofiicer  or  non-commissioned  officer  or  private,  of  the  name 
of  Donovan  in  the  regiment. 

"  H.  P.  de  Bathe,  Colonel  Commanding 
Scots  Fusileer  Guards. 

"Horse  Guards,  Jan.  12." 

But  perhaps  you  will  spare  me  space  to  ask  some 
of  your  Shrewsbury  correspondents  to  tell  us  how 
the  parish  authorities  of  Shrewsbury  were  satisfied 
that  Mary  Galligan,  who  died  on  New  Year's 
Day  Cher  birthday)  in  Shrewsbury  workhouse, 
was  102  years  old,  as  stated  in  a  long  account  of 
"  Granny  "  (by  which  name,  it  appears,  she  was 
better  known)  now  going  the  round  of  all  the 
papers  ?  Sceptic. 

Peggy  Walsh. — 

"  January  7,  at  Milford,  county  of  Mayo,  at  the  very 
advanced  age  of  124  years.  Peggy  Walsh,  the  faithful 
servant  of  the  family  of  Miller,  of  Milford,  in  whose  ser- 

[*  At  Hibbert's  sale  in  1829,  this  book  was  purchased 
by  a  Mr.  Glynn. — Ed.] 


3>^<i  S.  XI.  Jax.  26,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


Y3 


\'ice  she  has  lived  since  1757,  and  to  every  member  of 
•which  she  was  devotedly  attached.  Her  father,  who  was 
coachman  in  the  same  family,  lived  to  100  j-ears  of 
age." 

The  atove  annouucement  appeared  in  the  Dub- 
lin Evening  Mail  of  the  9th  inst.,  and  brings  to 
mind  at  ouce  the  shrewd  observations  of  the  late 
Sir  G.  C.  Lewis  on  this  subject  in  "  N.  &  Q."    Sp. 

[It  is  possible  that  somethinj?  approaching  evidence 
may  be  adduced  in  the  case  of  Mary  Galligan,  though  we 
doubt  if  it  will  be  found  at  all  satisfactory.  But  we  are 
sure  that  any  attempt  to  prove  Peggy  Walsh  to  be  124, 
or  that  she  lived  in  the  Miller  family  for  the  last  110 
years — namely,  ever  since  1757 — will  utterly  fail. — Ed. 
"K  &Q."] 

The  Head  oe  Cakdinal  Richelieu. — I  en- 
close a  cutting  from  The  Times  of  December  18, 
which  may  be  acceptable  if  suited  for  the  columns 
of  "  N.  &  Q. :  "  — 

"  Richelieu  died  in  his  58th  year,  after  accomplishing 
the  great  things,  for  good  or  for  evil,  which  history  has 
recorded,  and  he  directed  that  his  bones  should  be  laid 
in  the  church  of  the  college  Avhere  he  had  graduated. 
There  were  few  buildings  in  Paris,  sacred  or  otherwise, 
that  suffered  more  during  the  frenzy  of  the  Rerolution 
than  the  church  of  the  Sorbonne.  In  1793  it  was  sacked 
bj'  the  mob,  the  tombs  were  broken  open,  the  remains  of 
the  dead  were  dragged  from  their  resting-place,  and  flung 
into  the  kennel  or  the  Seine.  Among  others  so  treated 
were  the  remains  of  the  Cardinal.  The  head  was  chopped 
off,  fixed  on  a  pike,  and  paraded  about  the  streets  of 
Paris  amid  the  savage  yells  of  the  multitude.  A  person 
named  Armez,  whose  son  afterwards  sat  in  the  Chamber 
of  Deputies  under  Louis  Philippe,  at  the  risk  of  mounting 
the  scaffold,  succeeded  in  getting  it  into  his  possession. 
He  concealed  it  carefully  so  long  as  the  Eeign  of  Terror 
lasted ;  and  when  calmer  times  returned,  bequeathed  the 
precious  relic  to  his  family.  As  an  additional  precaution 
Armez  had  the  head  cut  in  two,  of  which  the  fore  part 
was  only  preserved.  Some  years  ago  it  was  delivered  up 
by  the  descendant  of  Armez  to  the  Minister  of  Public 
Instruction,  as  also  the  heart  of  Voltaire  ;  the  Minister, 
on  ascertaining  that  the  relic  was  undoubted!}'  genuine, 
accepted  the  deposit,  and  on  Saturdaj'  it  was  restored  with 
due  solemnity  to  the  same  church  from  which  the  remains 
had  been  torn.  The  choir  of  the  church  was  hung  in 
drapery  of  crimson  velvet,  and  the  chapel,  in  the  centre 
of  which  was  the  tomb  of  the  Cardinal,  was  also  richly 
decorated." 

H.  C. 

Hoop  Petticoats.  —  Dr.  Smith,  in  his  recently 
published  History  of  Delaware  County,  Pennsyl- 
vania, gives  the  testimony  against  hoop  petticoats 
borne  by  the  Concord  Monthly  Meeting  of  Friends 
in  the  year  1739  :  — 

"  A  concern  having  taken  hold  against  this  meeting  to 
suppress  pride,  and  it  seems  to  appear  some  what  in  women 
in  wearing  of  hoope  pettecoats  which  is  a  great  trouble  to 
many  minds,  and  it  is  the  unanj'mous  sense  of  this  meet- 
ing that  none  among  us  be  in  the  practice  thereof;  [and 
that]  all  our  overseers  and  other  solid  friends  do  inspect 
in  their  members,  and  where  any  appear  to  be  guilty,  do 
deal  with  them  and  discourage  them  either  in  that  of 
hoops  or  other  indecent  dress." 

Dr.  Smith  adds  that,  "  in  spite  of  all  the  watch- 
fulness that  this  minute  imposed  upon  the  '  over- 


seers and  other  solid  friends,'  it  was  this  year 
found  that  Caleb  Burdshall  and  his  wife  had  '  a 
little  too  inconsiderately  encouraged  women  wear- 
ing of  hoopst  petecoats.'  "  Uneda. 
Philadelphia. 

Wadsioll. — In  Fairholt's  excellent  work  on 
Costumes  in  England,  p.  615,  he  gives  — 

"  Wadjioll,  a  very  coarse  cloth,  manufactured  in  the 
sixteenth  centurj-. — Strutt." 

This  may  add  another  phrase  to  articles  upon 
"  Merchandise."  May  it  not  also  throw  some 
light  on  a  not  very  promising  question  as  it  at 
first  appeared,  but  which  led  to  so  many  answers  ? 
May  not  "  Moll  in  the  Wad  "  be  a  sort  of  jingle 
for  Moll  in  the  Wadmoll,  the  girl  clad  in  a  very 
coarse  dress,  not  in  a  bimdle  of  hay  as  suggested  ? 

A.  A. 

Poets'  Corner. 

Theatre  Mottoes. — The  theatre  in  Chestnut  , 
Street,  above  Sixth  Street,  in  this  city,  was  opened  :*^ 
shortly  after  the  adoption  of  the  Federal  Consti- 
tution. Over  the  curtain  was  a  line  from  Shak- 
speare — ''The  eagle  sufters  little  birds  to  sing." 
For  this  "  Castigat  ridendo  mores "  was  substi- 
tuted. This  theatre  was  called  the  New  Theatre 
to  distinguish  it  from  the  old  theatre  in  Cedar  or 
South  Street,  then  outside  of  the  city  limits,  in 
which  the  British  officers  played  during  the  revo- 
lutionarjr  war,  some  of  the  scenes  being  painted 
by  Major  Andre.  The  Chestnut  Street  theatre 
was  burnt  down  in  1820.  The  new  one  erected 
on  the  spot  bore  the  motto  "  All  the  world's  a 
stage."  Uneda. 

Philadelphia. 

Samian  Pottery. — I  have  noticed  a  great  resem- 
blance in  colour  and  texture  between  the  Samian 
ware  and  the  red  lulehs  or  bowls  of  Turkish 
pipes  made  at  Constantinople,  Smyrna,  and  else- 
wlaere.  The  operations  of  the  lulehjee  are  simple 
but  effective.  How  far  his  art  is  common  with 
that  of  the  Samian  potter  may  be  worthy  of 
inquiry.  I  have  not  found  that  in  the  present 
day  the  famous  potter's-earth  of  the  island  of 
Samos  is  turned  to  practical  account,  though 
readily  accessible.  Hyde  Clarke. 

Shaespeariana  :  "  Merry  Wives  of  Wind- 
sor."—  In  J.  Payne  Collier's  Shakes2)eare,  8vo, 
1844,  his  note  on  the  last  word  in  the  question  in 
The  Merry  Wives  of  Windsor  (Act  II.  So.  1), 
"  Will  you  go,  An-heires  ?  "  is  — 

"  We  give  the  word  as  it  stands  in  the  folios,  although 
probably  incorrect,  because  it  is  impossible  to  set  it  right 
by  conjecture,  and  the  quartos  afford  us  no  aid.  It  may 
be  some  proper  name  known  at  the  time,  such  as  Anaides, 
in  Ben  Jonson's  Cynthia's  Revels;  but  Steevens  would 
read, 'Will  you  go  on  hearts?'  Malone, '  Will  you  go 
and  hear  us  ? '  while  Boaden,  with  more  plausibility,  sug- 
gested '  Cavalieres.' " 


74 


NOTES  AND  QUEEIES. 


[3'd  s.  XI.  Jax.  26,  '67. 


Now,  may  not  tke  true  reading  be  the  old  law- 
Frencli  word  arrJies  ? 

"  Aeehes,  s.  f.  pi.  Arrha,  arrhabo.  Gage  en  argent  que 
I'aeheteur  donne  au  vendeur,  pour  surete  du  marche.  .  .  . 
Quelques-uns  prononcent,  et  meme  ecrivent  arres.  .  .  . 
Quoi  qu'il  en  soit,  on  doit  ecrire  et  prononcer  arrhes. 
Arrhes  se  dit  figurement  de  ce  qui  manque  assurance 
d'une  chose,  qui  en  est  le  gage." — Diet  Universel  {de 
Trevmix),  ed.  1771. 

"  II  y  a  deux  especes  d'arrhes,  les  unes  se  donnent  lors 
d*un  contrat  seulement  projete,  et  les  autres,  aprbs  le 
contrat  conclu  et  arrete." — Guyot's  Repertoire  de  Jwisp. 
L  624. 

"  Af.p.h.e,  earnest,  evidence  of  a  completed  bargain." — 
Tomlins's  Law  Diet. 

The  context  will,  I  think,  hear  out  my  suggested 
correction :  — 

"  Ford.  I'll  give  you  a  pottle  of  burnt  sack  to  give  me 
recourse  to  him,  and  tell  him,  m}-  name  is  Brook  .  .  . 

"Sbsf.  My  hand,  bully:  thou  shalt  have  egress  and 
repress  ;  said  I  vrell  ?  and  thy  name  shall  be  Brook  .  .  . 
Will  you  go  an  Arrhes  ? 

"  Shal.  Have  ■with  you,  mine  host." 

Eric, 
Ville  Marie,  Canada. 


Ounrtei. 


THOilAS  LORD  CROMWELL,  A  SINGER  AXD 
COMEDIAN. 

I  am  "  snowed  up  "  here,  so  that  I  can  get 
neither  to  Oxford  nor  London,  and  I  have  at  hand 
none  but  the  ordinary  biographies  of  Thomas 
Cromwell,  Earl  of  Essex,  beheaded  in  1540.  The 
best  account  I  have  of  him  is  unquestionably  that 
of  Messrs.  Cooper  in  their  Athencs  Cantahrigienses, 
Tol.  i.  p.  73,  but  it  does  not  advert  to  the  points 
regarding  which  I  want  information,  and  which 
I  solicit  from  some  of  your  readers  and  coiTe- 
spondents.  I  have  not  Foss's  Judges,  which 
perhaps  might  render  my  inquiry  needless :  if  it 
do  all  I  shall  want  is  a  reference  to  the  volume 
and  page,  which  I  dare  say  you  can  supply.* 

I  have  lately  been  re-reading  Drayton's  "  Le- 
gend of  the  Lord  Cromwell"  in  The  Min-or  for 
Magistrates  (in  reference  to  some  of  the  quotations 
which  occur  in  EtiglancTs  Parnassus,  1600,  which 
I  am  now  reprinting),  and  there  I  find  the  fol- 
lowing singular  lines,  referring  to  Cromwell's 
manner  of  obtaining  a  subsistence  while  abroad  in 
his  youth :  — 

"  Not  long  it  was  ere  Rome  of  me  did  ring, 
(Hardly  shall  Rome  so  full  daj's  see  again) 
Of  freemen's  catches  to  the  Pope  I  sing. 
Which  -vran  much  licence  to  my  countrjTnen, 
Thither  the  which  I  was  the  first  to  bring. 
That  were  unknown  in  Italy  till  then." 

Here  I  would  ask  (and  my  learned  friend  Dr. 
ErMBATJLT   can    probably  answer  the    question) 

[  *  Mr.  Foss  has  no  allusion  to  Cromwell  having  acted 
as  a  singer  or  comedian. — Ed.  "X.  &  Q."J 


whether  by  "  freemen's  catches  "  Drayton  means 
"  threemen's  catches,"  or  concerted  pieces  of  music 
for  three  voices.  Next,  I  am  anxious  to  know 
whether  there  is  any  other  extant  authority  for  the 
assertion  that,  by  the  singing  of  such  catches, 
CromweU  obtained  certain  privileges  for  the  Eng- 
lish then  residing  in  Eome.  Has  Drayton's  state- 
ment on  the  subject  been  anywhere  quoted? 
Farther  on,  we  come  to  a  stanza  where  it  is  dis- 
tinctly asserted  that  while  in  Rome  Cromwell 
flourished  as  a  "  comedian  " — no  doubt  meaning 
that  he  became  one  of  a  company  of  English  actors 
then  performing  in  Rome :  — 

"  As  a  comedian  where  my  life  I  led. 
For  so  a  while  mj^  need  did  me  constrain. 
With  other  my  poor  countrymen,  that  play'd, 
Thither  that  came  in  hope  of  better  gain  ; 
Whereas  when  Fortune  seem'd  on  me  to  tread 
Lender  her  feet,  she  set  me  up  again." 

This  appears  to  me  to  admit  of  only  one  inter- 
pretation, and  it  serves  to  show  that  even  at  that 
early  date — not  later,  probably,  than  1520  or  1525 — 
English  comedians  were  encouragedto perform  even 
in  Italy.  About  eighty  years  afterwards  we  know 
that  the  famous  Will.  Kemp  was  at  Rome,  no 
doubt  in  his  capacity  of  an  applauded  actor,  and 
there  he  was  seen  and  recognised  by  Sir  Anthony 
Sherley. 

Drayton's  "  Legend  of  the  Lord  Cromwell  " 
was  first  printed  in  1607,  and  transferred  to  The 
Mirror  for  3Iagistrates  (from  which  I  quote)  in 
1610.  The  edition  of  1607  went  through  my 
hands  in  1836,  when  I  was  preparing  The  Brichje- 
xoater  Catalogue,  but  I  have  only  very  recently  dis- 
covered that  the  passages  I  have  extracted  above 
were  valuable  in  the  histoiy  of  our  early  stage, 
and  especially  curious  as  regards  the  biography  of 
a  man  of  the  utmost  historical  celebrity  and  im- 
portance. My  questions  are  —  Is  it  anywhere 
noted  that  Cromwell  in  his  youth  taught  and  sang 
"freemen's  songs"  in  Rome;  or  that  he  was 
actually  a  member  of  a  successful  English  the- 
atrical company  in  the  same  city  ? 

J.  Pay^'e  Collier. 
Maidenhead,  Jan.  11, 1867. 


Adolphus's  "History  op  England." — An 
editorial  note  (1''  S.  i.  107),  not  indexed,  in- 
formed IxDAGATOR  that  the  continuation  of  the 
above  work  was  proceeding,  and  that  Mr.  J.  L. 
Adolphus  would  readily  explain  what  progress  he 
had  made.  What  ground  is  there  for  supposing 
that  he  intended  to  complete  his  father's  Histoiy  ? 
To  what  date  was  it  to  go  ?  Talented  as  he  was, 
I  do  not  think  he  had  his  father's  qualifications 
for  this  task.  Did  ]Mr.  .7.  L.  Adolphus  leave  any 
MSS.  ?  A  friend  sent  some  particulars  of  his  life 
to  The  Times  under  the  initials  D.C.L.  Perhaps 
he  could  explain,  and  also  give  the  date  and  place 


3'd  S.  XI.  Jan.  26,  '67,] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


75 


of  his  birth.     The  Law  Times,  xxxviii.  139,  gives 
his  age  as  sixty-eight.      The    Gent.  May.  (1862), 
though  copied  from  this,  gives  it  as  sixty-seven. 
Ralph  Thomas. 

Age  of  Oedination  in  Scotland  in  1682. — 
What  was  the  average  age  at  which  clergymen 
were  ordained  during  the  time  when  episcopacy 
prevailed  in  Scotland  ?  In  1682  I  find  a  student 
in  divinity  passing  his  "  trials  "  before  the  pres- 
bytery, and  then  being  "  licensed  "  by  the  bishop 
of  the  diocese.  I  am  anxious  to  form  some  guess 
at  his  age,  so  as  to  determine  (nearly)  the  year  of 
his  birth. 

I  presume  "licensing"  corresponds  to  "ordi- 
nation "  in  England.  The  latter  term  appears  to 
be  used  in  Scotland  only  to  denote  "  induction  to 
a  living."  F.  M.  S. 

Angels  of  the  Churches,  Eev.  i.  —  It  is 
well  known  that  TertuUian  explains  them  as  the 
Episcopi  instituted  by  St.  John.  In  Poli  Synopsis 
I  find  it  stated,  on  the  authority  of  Grotius,  that 
Irenseus  gives  the  same  explanation.  Can  any  of 
your  readers  corroborate  this  statement,  and  fur- 
nish the  reference  to  the  passage  in  Irenseus  ? 

Shem. 

Bernard  and  Lechton  Families.  —  In  the 
history  of  our  family  I  find  that  — 

"  William  Leslie,  13th  Baron  of  Balqiihain,  was  in  the 
service  of  Charles  II.,  whom  he  accompanied  to  Holland. 
He  married  Margery  Bernard,  and  had  a  daughter  Mary, 
married  to  Sir  Elias  Lechton,  a  colonel  in  the  army." 

Will  any  of  your  correspondents  tell  me  where 
I  can  get  further  information  about  the  Bernard 
and  Lechton  families  ?  Sir  Elias  must  have  been 
a  man  of  some  position,  I  should  think,  but  we 
know  nothing  of  him.  C.  S.  Leslie. 

Slindon  House,  Arundel,  Sussex. 

Caricatures. — What  caricaturist  of  the  be- 
ginning of  this  century  used  the  sign  of  an  orb, 
surmounted  by  a  fleur-de-lis,  with  "  Esq'  del.  ? 

J.  C.  J. 

Church  Dedication  :  Wellingborough.  — 
A  rather  odd  controversy  has  been  carried  on 
lately  in  the  Northamijton  Herald  about  the  true 
dedication  of  Wellingborough  Church.  There  are 
three  opinions :  (1)  that  the  church  is  "  All 
Saints" ;  (2)  that  it  is  "  St.  Luke's  " ;  (3)  that  it 
is  "  St.  Luke  and  All  Saints."  For  the  second 
and  third  opinions  tradition  is  appealed  to,  but  no 
documentary  evidence.  An  annual  fair,  held  on 
Oct.  29,  30,  is  also  appealed  to ;  though,  in  fact, 
all  parties  claim  tradition  and  the  annual  fair. 
For  "  All  Saints,"  the  evidence  comprises  docu- 
ments in  the  British  Museum,  as  Lansdowne 
MSS.  712  and  791,  which  carry  us  back  to  temp. 
Hen.  VIII.  Thus,  in  1543,  March  1,  John  Cros- 
brough  of  the  parish  of  All  Hallows  of  Welling- 
borough, contains  "  my  body  to  be  buried  in  the 


church  of  All  Hallows."  Wills,  twenty  years  older, 
have  also  been  referred  to  as  containing  similar 
words.  The  MS.  (Lansdowne,  712)  contains  a 
list  of  churches  in  Northamptonshire,  with  their 
dedications,  from  Tower  records  and  other  au- 
thentic sources,  and  gives  the  Wellingborough 
church  as  All  Saints.  Willis's  Survey  of  Cathe- 
drals, Ecton's  Thesaurus,  Bacon's  Liher  Regis, 
Bridges's  Northamptonshire,  Cole's  History  of  Wel- 
lingborough, and  other  books,  all  say  "  All  Saints." 

In  the  face  of  this,  and  with  no  evidence  to  the 
contrary  that  takes  the  shape  of  a  document,  the 
foundation  of  a  neio  church  in  another  part  of  the 
parish  was  laid  Nov.  1, 1866 ;  and  the  new  church 
is  also  to  be  called  All  Saints.  I  find  that  an 
ancient  chapel  was  attached  to  the  old  church, 
with  a  guild  or  fraternity  called  ''of  blessed 
Mary."  I  also  find  that  a  "  chapel  of  St.  Kateryn 
in  Wellyngburgh "  is  mentioned  in  1522,  and  I 
find  the  "All  Saints"  as  I  have  said;  but  "St. 
Luke,"  and  "  St.  Luke  and  All  Saints,"  elude  my 
search.  Personally  I  have  no  doubt  upon  the 
subject,  but  the  vicar  and  his  curates  seem  to 
have  decided  that  it  is  "  St.  Luke  and  All  Saints," 
which  I  regard  as  an  anomaly. 

My  question  is,  How  to  settle  such  a  question  ? 
Are  there  any  diocesan  or  other  documents  to 
which  appeal  can  be  made  as  authorities  ?  What 
are  '•'  authorities  "  in  such  a  case  ?  B.  H.  C. 

Cromwell's  sailing  for  America.  —  Hume 
gives  the  story  that  Cromwell,  Hampden,  Pym, 
and  Hazelrig  were  stopped  by  an  Order  in  Coun- 
cil from  sailing  for  America  *in  1638.  He  refers 
to  Hutchinson  (History  of  Massachusef  s  Bay\ 
"  who  puts  the  fact  beyond  controversy ;"  and  to 
Mathers,  Dugdale,  and  Bates  {Hist.  Engl,  c.  52). 

Lord  Nugent  relates  it,  referring  to  Dugdale, 
Neale,  and  Rush  worth  (Metnorials  of  Hamjjden, 
i.  253,  part  iv.,  ed.  1832).  Lord  Macaulay,  re- 
viewing Nugent,  accepts  it  without  a  question. 
Miss  Aikin  (I  suppose  in  her  book  on  Charles  I. 
in  1833)  is  believed  by  the  Quarterly  Review 
(vol.  cix.  p.  316)  to  have  been  the  first  to  de- 
molish the  credibility  of  the  anecdote.  The  re- 
viewer, a  little  ridiculously,  adds — "  the  incident 
is  not  mentioned  by  the  best  authorities,  including 
Clarendon : "  as  if  Clarendon  were  an  authority 
for  Cromwell's  life  before  he  came  much  forward ; 
and  as  if  (had  the  event,  to  his  knowledge,  taken 
place)  he  would  have  thought  it  of  any  moment. 

Perhaps  some  of  your  readers  will  have  the 
kindness  to  state  what  more  recent  critics  think 
of  the  above  conflicting  accounts.  C.  P.  M. 

Andrew  Crosbie. — I  shall  be  obliged  by  any 
information  respecting  Andrew  Crosbie,  an  emi- 
nent advocate  at  the  Scottish  bar  in  the  last  cen- 
tury, or  his  family  or  connections.  Crosbie  was 
admitted  an  advocate  in  August,  1757,  and  soon 


'6 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[3'd  S.  51.  Jan.  26,  '67. 


attained  a  higli  place  in  liis  profession  and  in  tlie 
intellectual  and  convivial  society  of  Edinburgh. 
It  is  said  he  was  the  prototype  of  Pleydell  in 
Gni/  Mannemig.  His  portrait  is  in  the  Advocates' 
Library.  Boswell  speaks  of  him  as  being  in  Dr. 
Johnson's  company  in  1773,  when  the  Doctor  was 
in  Edinburgh  on  his  way  to  the  Hebrides. 

J.  \j. 
Streatham. 

EpiGEAX.  —  Who  is  the  author  of  the  epi- 
grammatic lines  — 

"  Says  Clariuda,  '  Though  tears  it  may  cost,* 
it  is  time  we  should  part,  my  dear  Sue, 
For  your  character's  totally  lost, 
And  /  have  not  sufficient  for  two.''  " 

It  is  quoted  in  Letter  VI.  of  Tom  Moore's 
Fudge  Family  in  Paris,  1818,  and  was  recently 
parodied  in  Punch,  Gretsteil. 

"GLrGGiTY  Gltjg."  —  In  a  recent  number  of 
CasseU's  Penny  Readings,  there  is  a  song  given 
called  "  Gluggity  Gliig,"  the  hero  of  which  is  a 
drunken  friar,  who  is  riding  home  with  his  head 
to  the  horse's  tail,  in  the  belief  that  — 

"  Some  rogue,  whom  the  halter  will  throttle," 
has  cut  off  the  head  of  the  horse,  and  substituted 
its  tail;  and  he  does  not  discover  his  mistake 
until  he  is  thrown  into  a  pond.  In  a  note  the 
song  is  stated  to  be  from  "  The  Myrtle  and  the 
Vine,"  author  unknown.  If  this  is  the  case,  I 
should  be  much  obliged  by  being  informed  what 
have  been  the  most  probable  conjectures  with  re- 
gard to  the  authorship  ?  M.  op  P.  T. 

Hip  and  Thigh.  —  A  writer  in  The  Rainhoio 
for  September,  1866,  p.  423,  in  reference  to  the 
nature  of  the  oath  of  Gen.  xxiv.  2,  9,  and  other 
kindred  passages,  saj^s :  — 

"  We  may  gather  from  this  that  the  thigh  is  the  seat  of 
manhood ;  and  to  this  anatomy  seems  to  be  a  limping 
witness,  as  appears  from  the  following  statement :  — 
'  Instead  of  the  trunk  being  the  warmest  part  of  the 
body,  we  find  such  to  be  the  lower  edge  of  the  upper 
third  of  the  thigh  ;  but  the  reason  of  this  is  veiled  in  im- 
penetrable mystery,^  " 

I  may  also  append  his  query  attached  :  — 
"  Did  the  writer  of  the  Pentateuch  know  more  of  this 
than  Ave  do?     If  so,  it  is  not  the  onlj' instance  of  the 
ancients  being  more  instructed  than  the  moderns." 

Who  is  the  author  of  the  "  statement "  quoted 
above  ?  Perhaps  some  of  your  medical  correspon- 
dents will  kindlj^  favour  me  with  their  opinion 
(through  the  pages  of  "  N.  &  Q.")  of  the  "  impene- 
trable mystery,"  Our  common  and  received 
opinion  is  strength ;  and  speaking  of  my  own  per- 
sonal experience,  I  do  not  remember  noticing  any 
particular  effect  from  cold  or  heat  on  the  thigh. 

[*  In  Booth's  Collection  of  Epigrams,  ed.  1865,  p.  219, 
it  commences  — 

"  Says  Chhe, '  Though  tears  it  may  cost.' " 
The  authorship  was  unknown  to  the  editor.] 


The  Arctic  explorers  might  be  able  to  give  an 
opinion  on  it. 

"  Taken  on  the  hip  "  is  to  hold  a  man  at  ad- 
vantage. It  wields  the  power  of  the  thigh  like  a 
helm.  Shakespeare  holds  this  view  of  it :  3Ier- 
chant  of  Venice,  Act  IV.  Sc.  1,  Gratiano  to  Shy- 
lock — "Xow,  infidel,  I  have  thee  on  the  hip." 
Again,  Othello,  Act  II.  Sc.  1,  lago  to  Roderigo  — 
"I'll  have  our  Michael  Cassio  onthe  hip."  There 
are  other  instances  of  the  use  of  the  word  hip  in 
Shakespeare,  but  these  are  sufficient  for  the  pre- 
sent purpose.  It  is  also  frequently  used  by  old 
English  writers  in  the  same  sense,  notwithstanding 
Johnson's  opinion  that  it  is  "  a  low  phrase."  Hip 
and  thigh  then,  I  take  it,  means  a  hand-to-hand 
melee,  a  "  war  to  the  knife,"  as  in  Judges  xv.  8, 
in  which  the  strength  of  the  enemy  was  overcome, 
independent  of  caloric  influence. 

Geoege  Lloyd. 

Darlington. 

The  iiosT  Cheistian  King's  Geeat  Geand- 
MOTHEE. — I  annex  a  copy  of  a  document  which  I 
purchased  the  other  day  at  an  auction.  Will 
"N.  &  Q."  kindly  inform  me  whether  "Madame 
Royale,  the  Most  Christian  Kiag's  Great  Grand- 
mother," is  a  correct  official  description  of  some 
personage  who  died  in  1724,  or  whether  the  entry 
is  not  a  bit  of  ponderous  pleasantry  on  the  part 
of  the  Ambassador  Extraordinary  ?  If  this  latter 
notion  be  the  right  one,  it  would  appear,  by  the 
special  sanction  given,  that  both  Newcastle  and 
the  king  had  taken  the  pleasantry  in  good  part, 
and  paid  "  Old  Horace  "  the  money :  — 

"Horace  Walpole,  His  Majesty's  Ambassador  Extraor- 
dinary' and  Plenipotentiarj'  at  the  Court  of  France,  craves 
allowance  for  the  following  extraordinaries  :  — 

"  For  three  months  from  the  14'^  of  January,  172^,  to 
the  14ii»  of  April,  1724. 
Postage  of  Letters  from  England  and  other        £     s.    d. 

foreign  parts 206  17     0 

Paper,  Pens  and  Ink,  and  other  Stationery 

wares 94    3     0 

Newspapers  and  Intelligence        .        .        .        49     0     0 
Given  in  gratuities  to  the  King's  Messen- 
gers, and  others  His  Majesty's   siibjects 
passing  this  way  during  the  said  time      .         50     0     0 

400     0    0 
For   putting   my  Family  and  Equipage  in 
j\Iourning  for  ]Madame  Royale,  the  Most 
Christian  King's  Great  Grand-mother      .      200    0    0 


£  600     0     0 


"  H.  Walpole." 
"  Whitehall,  25"'  July,  1724. 
"  I  alloM'  the  four  first  articles  of  this  Bill  aiHounting 
to  Four  hundred  Pounds  for  three  months  pursuant  to  the 
regulation  ;  and  the  last  Ai-ticle  thereof  amounting  to 
Two  hundred  Pounds  I  do  likewise  allow  by  His  Majesty's 
especial  Command. 

"  HOLLES  XeWCASTLE." 
CniTTLELDEOOG. 


3"!  S.  XI.  JaxX.  26,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


77 


Hours  op  Divike  Service  and  Meals,  temp. 
James  I. — I  shall  be  glad  of  any  assistance  in 
discovering  the  usual  hour  or  hours  of  Divine  ser- 
vice on  Sundays  and  holy  days  in  (may  I  say) 
a  country  parish  of  500  souls  in  about  the  reign 
of  James  I.  I  should  like  to  know  the  usual 
times  of  meals  in  the  country  on  Sundays  and 
holy  days ;  were  more  than  two  meals  then  usual  ? 
Also,  any  references  to  books  in  which  these  points 
are  discussed.  W.  H.  S. 

Yaxley. 

LiNXUMDODDIE . — 

"  Willie  Wastle  dwalt  on  Tvreed, 
Tlie  spot  they  ca'd  it  Linkumdoddie. — Barns, 

Is  there  such  a  place ;  and  if  so,  in  what 
parish  ?  George  Vere  Irving, 

Carlo  Pisagane. — Is  there  any  biography  ex- 
tant of  this  Italian  author  and  patriot  ? 

Francesca. 

Old  Pictures. — Where  can  I  find  plain  direc- 
tions for  cleaning,  linin?,  and  re-varnishing  old 
pictures  ?  ^  F.  M.  S. 

The  Quarter  Deck. — There  is  a  well-known 
<;ustoni  of  bowing  to  the  quarter-deck  on  board  a 
man-of-war.  Can  the  origin  be  traced?  Some 
say  that  it  is  a  salutation  to  the  royal  arms,  but 
very  probably  it  may  be  the  remains  of  an  ancient 
Roman  Catholic  practice  of  reverencing  an  image. 
Does  such  a  custom  prevail  in  ships  of  other 
nations  ?  C.  T. 

Quotation  wanted. — 

"  Just  in  the  prime  of  life— those  golden  days 
When  the  mind  ripens  ere  the  form  decaj-s." 

R. 

Slade  :  Derivation  oe  the  Name. — Some  time 
"back  this  was  given  at  various  times  in  "  X.  &  Q." 
Can  any  one  give  the  references  ?  It  is  not  men- 
tioned in  the  indexes  to  the  volumes  of  "  N.  &  Q." 
in  the  British  Museum.* 

Slade  of  Riishton,  Northampton,  who  bore  arms 
at  Heralds'  Visitation,  temp.  Eliz.  Can  any  one 
give  any  account  of  the  family  and  its  present 
representatives  ?  Is  Rushton  a  manor  or  a  parish  ? 
It  is  not  to  be  found  in  the  only  History  of 
Northamptonshire  (Baker's  ?)  in  the  British 
Museum. 

Slade  of  Barham  Doiinie,  Kent.  Can  any  one 
give  information  of  this  family  and  its  present  re- 
presentatives, who  bore  the  same  arms  as  Slade  of 
Rushton,  temp.  Eliz.  ?  Likewise  Slade  of  Bathe, 
Devon.  S. 

"Solomon's  Song"  paraphrased.  —  In  1775 
■was  published  a  paraphrase  of  Solonon^s  Song  at 
Edinburgli,  Anon.     The  authorship  is  attributed 


r*  See  "X.  &QJ 
307.] 


S.  viii.  452,  528  ;  ix.  104,  207, 


to  the  Rev.  Mr.  Harper  (see  Lowndes,  ed.  Bohn), 
Episcopal  clergyman  at  Leith ;  and  also  to  Mrs. 
Bowdler,  wife  of  Thomas  Bowdler  (see  Darling's 
Cyclopced.  Bibl.).  Were  both  authors  connected 
with  this  publication  ?  R.  I. 

Earl  Temple. — In  Hoo'arth's  two  political  en- 
gravings entitled  "  The  Times,"  and  also  in  other 
satirical  prints  of  the  daj^,  Earl  Temple  is  repre- 
sented with  a  face  without  features,  like  a  barber's 
block.     Why  was  he  so  represented  ?  A.  P. 

TopsT    TuRVY.  —  What   is  the  etymology  of 

topsy  turvy  ?  The  Greek  is  cti-co  koI  Karw  /.leraarpe- 
(peiv.  Tci  fjLiV  &t'u  Karoo,  to.  5e  Karu  &.vw.  And  the 
Latin  is  Susque  deque.*  E.  J. 

Lampeter. 


"Johnnie  Dowie's  Ale."  —  Can  any  of  the 
readers  inform  me  who  was  the  author  of  the 
following  jeu  d! esprit,  which  has  been  attributed  to 
Burns  ?  — 

"  Mr.  John  Doivie,  Libhertons  Wynd,  Edinburgh. 
"  Dear  Johnnie,  ' 

"  I  cannot  withhold  this  tribute  of  my  gratitude  from 
you,  in  whose  house  I  have  spent  so  many  agreeable  . 
evenings  over  a  bottle  of  your  three-and-a-halfpenny 
Ale.  If  this  can  add  anything  to  your  fame  as  a  honest 
Publican,  or  give  a  higher  value  to  your  cheering  Ale,  I 
shall  be  very  happy,  and  think  myself  fully  rewarded  for 
my  trouble.  I  expect  that  you  will  not  withhold  from 
your  nightly  visitants  a  sight  of  this  your  '  Ale,'  in  order 
to  show  them  how  pleased  some  of  your  customers  are 
with  it.  May  you  enjoy  all  the  happiness  which  can 
residt  from  a  consciousness  of  having  sold  nothing  but 
good  right  wholesome  Ale,  is  the  wish  of 
"  Dear  Johnnie, 

"  Your  Friend  and  Customer. 

"  Edinburgh, 

14«i'  Sepf,  1789, 

"  Johnnie  Dowie's  Ale. 

"  A'  ye  wha  wis',  on  e'ening's  lang. 
To  meet  and  crack,  and  sing  a  sang. 
And  weet  your  pipes,  for  little  wrang 

To  purse  or  person. 
To  sere  [serious]  Johnnie  Dowie's  gang, 
There  thrum  a  vei'se  on. 
"  O,  Dowie's  Ale !  thou  art  the  thing 
That  gars  us  crack,  and  gars  us  sing. 
Cast  by  our  cares,  our  wants  a'  iiiug 

Frae  us  with  anger ; 
Thou  e'en  mak'st  passion  tak  the  wing. 
Or  thou  wilt  bang  'er. 
"  How  bless'd  is  he  wha  has  a  groat 
To  spare  upon  the  cheering  pot ! 
He  may  look  blythe  as  ony  Scot 

That  e'er  was  born  : 

Gie's  a'  the  like,  but  wi'  a  coat, 

An'  guide  frae  scorn. 

[*  Two  derivations  of  Topsy  Turvy  have  already  ap- 
peared in  "  N.  &  Q."  1^'  S.  viii.  385,  526,  575— namely, 
"  Top-side-turf- way,"  and  "  Top  side  t'other  way." — Ed.] 


(^*>^ 


^  C^  >vot   waotl;^..    i?5LB  ,     a.A)-^'a;-er,     /^/I'/x 


.4. 


n. 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[3'*  S.  XI.  Jan.  26,  '67. 


"  But  think  na  that  strong  Ale  alone 
Is  a'  that's  kept  by  dainty  John  ; 
Na,  na,  for  i'  the  place  there's  none, 

Frae  end  to  end. 
For  meat  can  set  you  better  on 

Thau  can  your  friend. 

"  Wi'  looks  as  mild  as  mild  can  be, 
An'  smudgin'  laugh,  wi'  winken  ee ; 
An'  lowly  bow  down  to  his  knee. 
He'll  say  fu'  douce, 
*  Whe,  gentlemen,  stay  till  I  see 
What's  i'  the  house.' 
"  Anither  bow—'  Deed,  gif  ye  please. 
Ye  can  get  a  bit  of  toasted  cheese, 
A  crum  o' tripe,  ham,  dish  of  pease 

(The  season  fitten'), 
An  egg,  or,  cauler  frae  the  seas, 
A  fleuk  or  whitin. 

"  A  nice  beef-steak — or  ye  may  get 
A  gude  buff'd  herring,  reisted  skate. 
An'  ingaus,  an'  (tho'  past  its  date) 

A  cut  of  veal ; 
Ha,  ha !  it's  no  that  unco'  late, 
I'll  do  it  weel.' 
"  O,  G****g3'  u********^  dreigh  loun, 
An'  antiquarian  p*****  soun', 
Wi'  mony  ithers  i'  the  town. 

What  wad  come  o'er  ye, 
Gif  Johnnie  Dowie  shou'd  stap  down 
To  th'  grave  before  ye  ? 
"  Ye  sure  wad  break  your  hearts  wi'  grief, 
An'  in  strong  Ale  find  nae  relief. 
War  ye  to  lose  your  Dowie — chief 

0'  bottle  keepers ; 
Three 'years  at  least,  now  to  be  brief, 
Ye'd  gang  wi'  weepers. 
"  But,  gude  forbid !  for  your  sakes  a'. 
That  sic  an  usefu'  man  should  fa'; 
For,  frien's  o'  mine,  between  us  twa, 

Right  i'  j'our  lug, 

You'd  lose  a  houfF,  baith  warm  and  braw, 

An'  uncou  snug. 

"  Then,  pray  for  's  health  this  mony  a  yeai*, 

Fresh  thre-'n-a-ha'penny,  best  o'  beer, 

That  can,  tho'  dull,  you  brawly  cheer, 

Eecant  you  weel  up ; 

An'  gar  you  a'  forget  your  wear. 

Your  sorrows  seal  up. 

"  *  Another  bottle,  John ! ' 
'  Gentlemen,  't's  past  twelve,  and  time  to  go  home.' " 

J.  G.  B. 

[This  squib,  in  the  broadside  form  possessed  by  our  cor- 
respondent, was  printed  and  circulated  among  his  friends 
by  "Honest"  John  Dowie  himself,  and  is  now  rather 
scarce.  It  was  published  in  the  Scots  Magazine  for  1806, 
(vol.  Ixviii.  p.  243),  accompanied  with  a  portrait,  and 
was  there  attributed  to  Burns,  who  when  in  town  was 
a  frequent  visitor  of  Mr.  Dowie  ;  but  the  real  author  was 
Mr.  Hunter,  of  Blackness.  There  however  can  be  no 
doubt  that  Dowie  himself  attributed  it  to  the  more 
distinguished  poet ;  but  to  deceive  him  as  to  this,  was 
very  probably  part  of  the  joke.  There  is  a  likeness  of 
Dowie  in  Kay's  Portraits  (vol.  ii.  p.  1,  Paton  edition), 
and  in  the  subjoined  letter-press  the  verses  are  given. 


the  asterisks  being  filled  up  with  the  names  of  Geordie 
(it  should  be  Geordgy),  Eobertsoun,  and  antiquarian 
Paton.  A  portrait  and  notice  of  the  latter  will  also  be 
found  in  the  same  work  (vol.  i.  p.  243).  The  contents  of 
Dowie's  larder  are  interesting  in  reference  to  the  re- 
sources of  an  Edinburgh  tavern  towards  the  close  of  last 
century.] 

Alexander  the  Great. — In  what  book  in  the 
British  Museum  is  the  translation  of  Alexander's 
letter  to  his  preceptor  Aristotle,  giving  an  account 
of  his  Indian  expedition,  to  be  found  ?  J'ide  note, 
p.  163,  Thomas  Wright's  edition  of  Sir  John 
Maundeville's  Travels,  Bohn's  edition. 

Mermaid. 

[The  fabulous  epistle  of  Alexander  the  Great  to  his 
preceptor  Aristotle,  giving  an  account  of  the  wonderfal 
adventures  in  his  Indian  expedition,  will  bs  found  in  the 
following  work  in  the  British  Museum  under  Aristotle, 
Secreta  secretorum,  Paris,  1520,  12mo,  p.  ciii.,  and  entitled 
"  Alexandri  Macedonis  ad  Aristotelem  de  mirabilibus 
Indie."  (Press  mark,  520,  a,  12.)  There  is  also  a  Saxon 
translation  of  this  letter  in  MS.  Cotton.  Vitellius,  A.  xv. 
p.  104.] 

The  First  Book  printed  in  England. — It  is 
generally  considered  that  the  Game  of  Chess, 
dedicated  to  the  Duke  of  Clarence,  brother  of 
Edward  IV.,  was  the  first  book  printed  in  Eng- 
land by  Caxton.  But  in  Gurney's  Historical 
Sketches  (first  series,  p.  32),  his  History  of  Troy 
is  mentioned  as  having  been  printed  before  the 
Gatne  of  Chess.     Is  this  correct  ? 

Apropos  of  the  book-hunter's  reward,  Scott,  in 
his  Antiquary,  says  that  — 

"  Snuffy  Davie  (David  Wilson)  bought  the  Game  of 
Chess,  1474,  from  a  stall  in  Holland  for  two  groschen,  or 
about  twopence  of  our  money.  He  sold  it  to  Osborne  for 
twenty  pounds,  and  he  resold  it  to  Dr.  Askew  for  sixty 
guineas.  At  Dr.  Askcw's  sale,  this  inestimable  treasure 
blazed  forth  in  its  full  value,  and  was  purchased  by 
royaltj'  itself  for  one  hundred  and  seventy  pounds .'" 

Jno.  PiGGOT,  JtTN. 

[The  priority  of  the  printing  of  the  two  works  men- 
tioned by  our  correspondent  has  been  ably  investigated 
hj  Mr.  William  Blades  in  his  Life  and  Typography  of 
mUiam  Caxton,  2  vols.  4to  (i.  48-61).  At  the  end  of  the 
chapter  he  gives  the  following  brief  historical  notices  of 
the  two  works  : — "  Caxton  having  finished  and  been  re- 
warded for  his  trouble  in  translating  Le  Recueil  des 
Histoires  de  Troye  for  the  Duchess  of  Burgundy,  found 
his  book  in  great  request.  The  English  Lords  at  Bruges 
began  to  require  copies  of  this  the  most  favourite  romance 
of  the  age,  and  Caxton  found  himself  unable  to  supply 
the  demand  with  sufficient  rapidity.  We  have  now  ar- 
rived at  1472-3.  Colard  Mansion,  a  skilful  caligrapher, 
must  have  been  known  to  Caxton,  and  maj'  have  been 
employed  by  him  to  execute  commissions.  Mansion,  who 
had  obtained  some  knowledge  of  the  art  of  printing  (cer- 
tainlv  not  from  the  Mentz  school),  had  just  begun  his 


3'd  S.  XI.  Jax.  26,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


79 


typographical  labours  at  Bruges,  and  was  readj'  to  pro- 
duce copies  by  means  of  the  press,  if  supported  by  the 
necessary  patronage  and  funds.  Caxton  found  the  money 
and  Mansion  the  requisite  knowledge,  and  between  them 
appeared  the  first  book  printed  in  the  English  language. 
The  Recuydl.  This  probably  was  not  accomplished  till 
1474,  and  was  succeeded  on  Caxton's  part  in  another  year 
by  an  issue  of  the  Chess  Book,  which,  as  we  are  informed 
in  a  second  edition,  was  '  anone  depesshed  and  solde.' ''] 

Besstjme. — In  the  Walberswick  churchwardens' 
account,  I  find  the  following  entry  (Gardner's  His- 
torical Account  of  Dunwich,  Sfc,  1754)  :  — 

"  1493.  For  a  Bessume  of  Pekoks  Fethers 4rf." 

What  is  this  ?  Johk  Piggot,  Jun. 

[Bessum,  or  besom,  perhaps,  says  Wachter,  from  Ger. 
lutzen,  mundare,  to  cleanse,  was  an  instrument  made  of 
peacocks'  feathers  to  be  used  as  a  broom.  Goldsmith,  in 
The  Citizen  of  the  TTorld  (let.  109),  remarks  that  "He 
(a  minister)  might  be  permitted  to  brandish  his  besom 
without  remorse,  and  brush  down  everj'-  part  of  the  furni- 
ture, without  sparing  a  single  cobweb,  however  sacred  by 
long  prescription."] 


ROUGET  DE  L'ISLE  :  MUSIC  OF  "  MAESEILLOIS 
HYMN." 
(S'l  S.  xi.-36.) 
Your  correspondent  rightly  disposes  of  Gossec's 
claim  (misprinted  Gossee)  to  any  authorship  in 
La  Marseillaise,  but  I  should  have  preferred  that 
he  had  written  it  "  has  been,"  instead  of  "  it  is  " 
attributed  to  him.  When,  however,  Mk.  Ogilvt 
adds  that  the  music  "  is  really  by  Rouget  de 
I'Isle  "  (as  well  as  the  words)  he  is  perhaps  not 
aware  how  much  controversy  has  recently  arisen 
in  France  upon  that  point.  It  commenced  with 
M.  Fetis,  who,  in  his  Biographie  Universelle  des 
Mtisieiens  (8vo,  1863,  vol.  v.),  under  "■  Navoigille 
(G.  J.)  "  writes  thus :  — 

"Xavoigille  est  le  ve'ritable  auteur  du  chant  de  La 
Marseillaise  dont  Rouget  de  I'Isle  n'avait  compose  que  les 
paroles  ;  cependant  on  a  toujours  attribue  au  poete  la 
part  du  musicien.  Rouget  de  I'Isle  ne  de'mentit  pas  ce 
bruit ;  et  meme,  apres  la  mort  de  Navoigille,  il  eut  le 
tort  de  donner  de  nouvelles  e'ditions  de  ce  beau  chant,  en 
se  I'attribuant.  Je  possede  la  plus  ancienne  edition, 
publie'een  1793,  sur  une  petite  feuille  volante,  semblable 
a  toutes  celles  des  airs  d'operas  et  des  chants  patriotiques 
qu'on  vendait  alors  six  sous  h  la  porte  des  theatres. 
EUe  a  pour  litre  :  Marche  des  Marsnllais,  paroles  du 
citoyen  Rouget  de  I'Isle,  musique  du  citoyen  NavoigiUe. 
A  Paris,  chez  Frere,  Passage  du  Sauinon,  ou  Von  trouve 
tous  les  airs  patriotiques  des  vrais  sans-culottes." 

According  to  M.  Fetis,  NavoigiUe  was  fifteen 
years  older  than  Rouget  de  I'Isle,  and  about  this 
time  was  established  as  a  violin  player  in  Paris. 
M.  Fetis  describes  Rouget  de  I'Isle  (vol.  vii.  8vo, 


1864)  as  a  man  of  letters  and  amateur  musician, 
born  at  Lons-le-Saulnier  (Jura)  in  1760,  and  as 
having  been  an  officer  of  engineers  at  the  com- 
mencement of  the  revolution  in  1789.  Upon 
this  point  of  authorship  he  says  :  — 

'•  Dans  I'exaltation  des  principes  de  ce  temps  il  composa 
les  paroles  du  chant  sublime  connu  alors  sous  le  nom 
d'Hymne  des  3IarseiUais,  et  plus  tard  sous  celui  de  La 
3IarseiUaise" 

M.  Fetis  claims  the  discovery  that  Rouget  de 
risle  did  not  compose  the  music,  but  that  he  never- 
theless published  it  as  his  own  composition  in  a 
collection  bearing  the  following  title,  Cinquante 
Chaiits  Franqais,  paroles  de  differents  anteurs,  mis 
en  Musique  par  itourjet  de  Vlsle.  As  to  this  pub- 
lication being  after  the  death  of  NavoigiUe,  it  may 
be  borne  in  mind  that  NavoigUle  died  in  1811 ; 
that  Rouget  de  I'lsle's  having  written  this  national 
song  did  not  save  him  from  persecution  during  the 
reign  of  terror ;  that  he  was  imprisoned,  and  only 
ow«d  his  escape  from  the  guillotine  to  the  death  of 
Robespierre;  and  that  he  then  rejoined  the  army. 
Neglected  by  the  different  governments  that  suc- 
ceeded one  another,  he  obtained  neither  reward 
nor  employment  for  nearly  forty  years.  "  Napo- 
leon did  not  like  republicans,  and  left  him  in  the 
want  in  which  I  knew  him  [says  M.  Fetis]  in 
1809."  It  was  perhaps  this  want,  and  the  despair 
of  ever  again  obtaining  employment,  that  induced 
him  to  publish  it  at  all,  since  it  had  been  the 
great  drawback  to  his  advance  in  his  profession. 

One  of  M.  Fetis's  correspondents,  M.  Benedit, 
proves  that  the  words  were  not  originally  sung 
to  the  known  music,  but  to  a  lively  air  ;  and  that 
at  a  banquet  of  sans-culottes  at  Marseilles,  on  the 
24th  of  June,  1792.  The  song  was  entitled  (in 
a  revolutionary  paper  of  the  day)  "Chant  de 
guerre  aux  Armies,  sur  I'air  de  Sargines."  Sar- 
gines  was  an  opera  by  Dalayrac,  performed  in 
1788. 

Another  of  M.  Fetis's  correspondents,  M.  Au- 
guste  Roehn,  who  was  a  pupil  of  NavoigiUe  in 
1793,  seems  to  prove  too  much.  According  to 
him,  NavoigiUe  claimed  to  have  composed  the 
music  of  "La  MarseiUaise " ;  and  to  have  had  it 
performed  at  Madame  de  Montesson's,  at  her  cha- 
teau of  Neuilly,  before  the  revolution  of  1789  ! 
Now,  according  to  M.  Benedit,  the  words  were 
written  by  Rouget  de  I'Isle  at  Strasburg,  in 
March,  1792,  and  they  have  been  proved  to  have 
been  sung  to  an  air  in  Sargines ;  or  as  M.  Boucher, 
another  former  pupil  of  NavoigiUe,  says,  to  an 
allegro  in  6-8  time,  ''  qui  donnait  a  ce  chant  un 
caractere  bizarre  de  contredanse."  So  we  are  to 
believe  that  words  and  music  were  written  quite 
independently,  and  only  fitted  one  another  by  ac- 
cident. Internal  evidence  will  weigh  with  some 
against  this  supposition;  for,  to  all  appearance, 
the  one  must  have  been  written  for  the  other. 


80 


NOTES  AND  QUEKIES. 


[S'd  s.  XI.  Jan.  26,  '67. 


M.  Fetis's  theory  lias  been  warmly  attacked  by 
tbose  who  are  unwilling  to  believe  Eouget  de 
risle  capable  of  such  dishonesty  as  that  of  ap- 
propriating to  himself  another  man's  composition. 
These  argue  that,  if  the  fleeting  sheet  which  bears 
the  name  of  Navoigille  remained  unknown  to 
jVI,  Fetis  until  within  the  last  few  j^ears  —  he, 
having  been  born  in  1780,  so  living  through  those 
eventful  times,  and  always  collecting  materials 
for  his  proposed  Biography  of  Musicians — may  it 
not  have  been  equally  unknown  to  Rouget  de 
risle  ? 

But  for  the  evidence  of  the  music  before  1789, 
one  might  have  supposed  that  the  Paris  pro- 
fessor received  the  amateur's  composition,  and 
dressed  it  up  for  publication — so  becoming  the 
Teputed  author.  Now  we  can  only  say,  with 
Sir  Lucius,  that  "it  is  a  pretty  quarrel  as  it 
stands."  W.  Chappell. 


Mr.  Arthtjk  Ogilvy  will  find  some  mention  of 
JRouget  de  Lisle  in  Lamartine's  History  of  the 
Girondists,  book  xvi.  sec.  29  and  30.  The  French 
historian  gives  a  very  quaint  account  of  the  first 
production  of  the  "  Marseillaise,"  that  most  spirit- 
stirrino:  of  national  airs.      Joif  athan  Bouchier. 


^'  PIXKERTON'S  CORRESPOXDENCE  :  "  GEORGE 
ROBERTSON. 

(3"i  S.  X.  387,  496.) 

Although  no  one  can  have  a  higher  opinion  of 
the  merits  of  the  late  Mr.  Dawson  Turner  than 
"the  writer  of  the  remarks  controverted  by  T.  B., 
there  assuredly  can  be  no  reason  why  eiTors  com- 
mitted by  that  estimable  gentleman  should  not  be 
pointed  out. 

T.  B.  must  forgive  me  for  observing  that  he  has 
not,  in  either  of  the  instances  in  question,  been 
successful  in  his  refutation.  '^  Mr.  A.  F.  Tytler  " 
was  not  "  the  vindicator  of  Queen  Mary " ;  and 
although,  with  many,  persons  of  eminence,  his 
elaborate  treatise  is  held  to  be  the  best  work 
which  has  hitherto  appeared  in  defence  of  the 
queen,  stiU  it  proceeded  from  the  pen  of  William 
Tytler,  Esq.,  of  Woodhouselee,  the  father  of  "  Mr. 
A.  F.  Tytler,"  the  future  judge.  The  ''  editor  "  of 
PinheHon'' s  Correspondence  may  or  may  not  have 
thought  much  of  Mr.  Wm.  Ty tier's  book ;  but  that 
is  not  the  point,  which  is,  whether  the  letter  ad- 
dressed to  Pinkerton  on  the  subject  of  the  merits 
of  Allan  Ramsay  was  not  answered  by  Pinkerton 
in  a  letter  dated  Hampstead,  July  8,  '1800,  erro- 
neoiisly  said  to  have  been  sent  to  "  Mr^'M.  Laing." 
How  this  mistake  occurred  is  remarkable,  because 
any  person  perusing  Lord  Woodhouselee's  letter 
must  see  at  a  glance  that  the  letter  said  to  have 
been  sent  by  Pinkerton  to  Laing  was  an  answer  to 
that  of  the  j  udge.  There  never  was  any  controversy 


between  the  two  historians  on  the  subject  of  Allan 
Ramsay;  but  Tytler  had  praised  the  author  of 
the  Gentle  Shepherd,  whilst  Pinkerton  had,  on  the 
other  hand,  depreciated  him.  Plence  the  letter 
and  answer,  both  of  which  reflect  the  highest 
credit  on  the  writers.  I  suspect  the  letter  of 
July  8  has  been  printed  from  a  draught.  The 
original  is  probably  in  possession  of  Lord  Wood- 
houselee's representative. 

As  regards  Mr.  George  Robertson,  there  is  no 
possibility  of  mistake.  Pinkerton's  correspondent, 
George  Robertson,  by  marriage  with  Miss  Scott  of 
Benholm,  was  known  as  George  Robertson  Scott, 
Esq.,  Advocate,  and  as  such  is  entered  in  the  list 
of  members  of  Faculty.  His  father  was  a  writer, 
or  Writer  to  the  Signet  in  Edinburgh.  Now  the 
other  George  was  in  no  way  related  to  the  legal 
gentleman.  He  was  connected  with  the  counties 
of  Ayr  and  Renfrew.  In  1818  he  published,  at 
Paisley,  A  General  Description  of  the  Shire  of 
Renfrew,  4to,  being  a  reprint  of  George  Crawfurd  s 
book  originally  published  in  1710,  folio,  "and 
continued  to  the  present  period,  by  George  Ro- 
bertson, author  of  the  Agricultural  Survey  of  Mid- 
lothian." 

The  same  individual  subsequently  published  a 
topographical  account  of  a  portion  of  the  shire  of 
Ayr.  His  most  valuable  contribution,  however, 
to  Ayrshire  was  A  Genealoyical  Account  of  the 
•principal  Families  in  Ayrshire,  more  particularly 
in  Cunninghame  :  Irvine,  crown  8vo,  1823 — 5, 
three  volumes,  with  supplement.  These  volumes 
are  seldom  found  complete,  so  that  any  one  having 
them  in  an  entire  state  has  reason  to  congratulate 
himself  on  his  good  fortune. 

The  omission  of  George  Robertson  by  Lowndes 
is  not  to  be  wondered  at.  So  little  was  for- 
merly thought  of  the  literature  of  the  North, 
that  but  slight  inquiries  were  ever  made  on  the 
subject.  .Lowndes'  meritorious  work,  for  a  first 
production  of  the  kind,  deserves  every  praise ;  and 
the  reprint  in  12mo  is  a  great  improvement, 
especially  in  the  later  volumes.  Nevertheless,  it 
was  a  Scotsman  who  originally  started  the  idea  of 
a  Bibliotheca  Britannica,  and  the  work  of  Mr. 
Watt  in  four  large  quarto  volumes  exists  as  a 
splendid  record  of  persevering  patience  and  in- 
dustry, and  a  striking  instance  of  the  small  degree 
of  patronage  bestowed  by  the  public  on  really 
laborious  and  valuable  productions.  J.  M. 


The  following  question  arises  out  of  Mr.  Pik- 
kerton's  note  on  this  subject :  Was  Sir  William 
Brereton  a  Royalist?  In  Brayley's  History^  of 
Surrey,  vol.  iv.  p.  6,  it  is  stated  that  Sir  William 
Brereton  was  a  general  oflicer  of  the  Parlia- 
mentarians during  the  Civil  War,  and  was  re- 
warded by  Parliament  with  various  estates  for  his 
services.  In  a  note  to  an  edition  of  Butler's 
Hudihras  published  in  1812  (vol.  ii.  p.  353),  re- 


3"»  S.  XI.  Jax.  26,  '67.] 


NOTES  AlND  QUERIES. 


fening  to  the  Parliamentarians,  Sir  William 
Brereton,  who  is  there  called  a  Cheshire  knight, 
is  thus  described :  — 

"  Will  Brereton 's  a  sinner, 
And  Croydon  knows  a  winner ; 
But  Oil !  take  heed  lest  he  do  eat 
The  rump  all  at  one  dinner." 

Waxtek  J.  Till. 
Crovdon. 


In  the  notices  by  J.  AT.  (p.  387)  as  to  George 
Kobertson  and  that  of  T.  B.  (p.  496)  there  appears 
to  me  some  little  mistake  as  to  whom  I  think  may 
be  really  the  self  and  same  person.  J.  M.  says, 
that  George  Robertson  "  was  called  suhsequentbj 
Mr.  Robertson  Scott  of  Benholme;"  T.  B.  re- 
marking that  "  the  George  Robertson  must  have 
been  an  obscure  writer."  Benholme  Castle  is  in 
the  town  of  Bervie,  Kincardineshire ;  and  from  the 
circumstance  of"  George  Robertson  "  having  been 
the  author  of  a  work  with  reference  to  that  county, 
I  consider  that  Mi-.  Dawson  Turner,  the  editor 
of  Finkerfon's  Correspondence,  is  correct  in  his 
note  as  to  the  writer  of  the  letter  given  on  p.  420 
of  that  work.  As  a  proof  that  "  George  Robert- 
son "  was  not  an  obscure  writer,  I  beg  to  annex  a 
list  of  his  publications :  — 

1.  Vieic  of  the  Agriculture  of  3Iidlothia?i,  or  Edinburgh- 
shire, 8vo,  1795.  f"  Not  now  to  be  had." — Notice  by 
G.  E.  himself  in  1823.] 

2.  View  of  the  Agriculture  of  Kincardineshire,  8vo, 
1808.     ["Yery  scarce."— Ditto.] 

3.  Continuation  of  Crawfurd's  History  of  Renfrew- 
shire, and  History  of  the  Stewarts,  greatly  augmented, 
4to,  1818.  [*'  Mr.  Crichton,  the  proprietor  of  this  book, 
did  it  great  justice  in  getting  it  up  in  a  fine  style  of 
printing,  on  good  paper,  with  an  ancient  and  a  modern 
map,  and  sundry  engravings,  A  few  copies  still  remain 
on  royal  paper,  price  1/.  lis.  Q,d" — Ditto.] 

4.  Topographical  Description  of  Ayrshire,  more  par- 
ticularly of  Cunninghame,  4to,  1820,  ["  All  bespoke  by 
the  time  it  was  out  of  the  press," — Ditto.] 

5.  Genealogical  Account  of  the  Principal  Families  in 
Ayrshire,  more  particularly  in  Cunninghame.  3  vols.  sm. 
8vo,  with  a  Supplement,  1823 — 27,  [This  is  now  a  rare 
work.] 

6.  Rural  Recollections  ;  or,  the  Progress  of  Improvement 
in  Agriculture  and  Rural  Affairs.  [In  the  Lothians, 
Kincardineshire,  and  Ayrshire,  with  *' Notices  of  Im- 
provers, or  successful  Cultivators."]  8vo,  1829.  [This 
is  a  singularly  curious  and  highly  interesting  work,  con- 
taining much  valuable  information  not  to  be  found  else- 
where. ] 

In  addition  to  these,  George  Robertson  was  a 
writer  of  various  papers  which  appeared  in  the 
Transactions  of  the  Highland  Society  of  Scotland, 
&c.  &c.  He  latterly  resided  at  Bower  Lodge,  in 
Irvine,  Avrshire.  but  I  think  he  is  now  dead! 

T.  G.  S. 

Edinburgh. 


FEET :  ARMS  OF  SAVOY. 
(.S'l  S.  ix.  400,  476 ;  x.  45.3.) 
Though  I  do  not  desire  to  prolong  the  contro- 
versy with  D.  P.  on  these  subjects,  I  must  yet 
crave  space  for  a  reply,  which  shall  be  as  brief  as 
possible,  to  some  of  the  many  interrogatories  in 
his  paper;  much  of  which  I  venture,  with  all 
humility,  to  think  quite  beside  the  question.  If 
I  did  not  make  my  case  stronger  by  quoting 
Vertot  (whose  statements  were  never,  to  my 
knowledge,  refuted),  it  was  not  because  I  failed  in 
respect  for  "my  old  and  esteemed  friend,"  but 
because  I  considered  (as  I  still  do)  my  case  quite 
strong  enough ;  and  because  I  quoted  the  greatest 
authority  upon  all  points  connected  with  the  his- 
tory of  the  House  of  Savoy,  that  Chevalier  de 
Guichenon  whom  D.  P.  so  very  uuaccoimtabiy 
and  (I  think)  so  perversely  depreciates. 

So  far  as  the  question  is  a  matter  of  opinion, 
D.  P.  is  of  course  welcome  to  enjoy  his,  backed 
up  as  it  is  by  Puflendorff,  by  the  author  of  the 
Universal  History,  and  by  what  Yertot  with 
pleasing  exaggeration  calls  "  un  nombre  infini 
d'ecrivains."  I — relying  on  Guichenon,  Yertot, 
Brianville,  Spener,  and  Menetrier,  authors  whose 
authority  and  whose  ability  to  form  a  judgment 
upon  such  matters  no  one  can  deny — shall  retain 
mine,  I  cannot  see  that  the  repetition  of  a  fiction, 
by  even  "un  nombre  infini  d'ecrivains,"  can  con- 
vert that  fiction  into  a  fact ;  nor  will  my  belief 
that  it  is  a  fiction  be  shaken  by  the  circumstance 
of  its  repetition  in  an  address  to  a  pope,  delivered 
nearly  two  centuries  after  the  event  is  asserted  to 
have  taken  place. 

As  to  the  device  feet,  the  evidence  from  the 
coins  and  tomb  of  Thomas  de  Savoye,  and  from 
the  coins  of  Louis  de  Savoye,  is,  at  all  events, 
conclusive  against  D.  P,'s  original  statement,  that 
it  "was  first  used  by  Amadis  the  Great  of  Savoy," 
and  that  it  was  "  made  of  the  initial  letters  of 
these  words — 'Fortitude  Ejus  Rhodum  Tenuit."  " 
"With  regard  to  the  original  arms  of  Savoy,  and 
the  true  explanation  of  the  assimiption.of  bearings 
identical  with  those  of  the  Knights  of  St.  John 
the  Baptist,  I  must  again  refer  those  interested 
in  the  subject  to  my  quotation  from  Menetrier  at 
X.  477.  The  whole  of  Lombardy  was  under  the 
protection  of  St.  John  the  Baptist  from  the  time 
at  least  that  Theodelinda,  Queen  of  the  Lombards, 
early  in  the  seventh  century,  founded  at  Monza  a 
magnificent  church  under  his  invocation.  As  then 
the  arms  (G.  a  cross  ar.)  were  those  of  the  Order 
of  St.  John  the  Baptist,  there  is  no  need  to  invent 
fictions  to  account  for  their  assumption  by  a 
country  which  was  under  that  saint's  protection. 

The  cross  of  St.  George  was  assumed  in  Uke 
manner  on  the  banner  of  England,    and  in  the 
arms  of  Genoa,  London,  Barcelona,  and  Messina. 
Again,  the  historian  R,  P.  Monod  shows  con- 


82 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[3'd  S.  XI.  Jax.  26,  '67 


clusively  that,  as  the  plain  cross  without  brisure 
was  borne  by  Thomas  the  father  of  Amadeus  the 
Great,  the  latter  could  not  have  received  it  from 
the  Knights  of  St.  John  as  a  recompense  for  ser- 
vices which  (to  say  the  least)  it  is  very  doubtful 
that  he  rendered.  As  to  the  bend,  and  label 
azure,  they  were  but  brisures.  Spener  {Op.  Her. 
p.  Spec,  p.  338)  alludes  to  Bara's  statement,  and 
gives  this  as  his  opinion.  It  is  that  also  of  P. 
Menetrier.   {Recherches  dii  Blazon,  pp.  129,  130.) 

D.  P.  asks,  "What  was  the  occasion  upon 
which  the  House  of  Savoy  changed  their  ancient 
coat — a  fact  which  I  believe  has  not  yet  been 
denied  ?  "  Of  course  it  has  not  been  denied,  since 
we  all  know  that  the  old  arms  were  (as  I  stated 
at  ix.  477)  the  eagle,  and  as  the  cross  is  now  borne, 
a  change  must  have  taken  place.  But  does  not 
D.  P.  know  that  in  the  early  days  of  heraldry 
such  changes  were  frequent,  and  that  two  brothers 
often  bore  different  (and  not  merely  differenced) 
arms?  My  reply  then  is,  that  the  cross  was 
assumed  by  some  of  the  members  of  the  house, 
while  the  eagle  was  still  borne  by  the  others. 
And  in  proof  of  that  assertion  I  refer  to  Mene- 
trier's  Veritable  Art  du  Blazon,  where,  at  p.  432, 
he  shows  from  the  tomb  of  the  Countess  Beatrice 
the  shields  of  the  eight  brothers,  sons  of  Thomas 
the  grandfather  of  the  hero  of  Rhodes  (?).  Of 
these,  the  shields  of  Amadeus,  Aymon,  Peter,  and 
Philip,  all  bear  the  cross ;  those  of  Humbert,  and 
William,  Bishop  of  Liege,  bear  the  earjle;  that  of 
Thomas,  Count  de  Maurienne  and  Piedmont,  is 
charged  with  a  lion ;  and  that  of  Boniface,  Arch- 
bishop of  Canterbury,  with  a  pastoral  staff.  Here 
we  have  the  cross  of  Savoy  borne  by  the  four 
uncles  of  the  warrior  upon  whom  D.  P,  would 
have  us  believe  it  was  conferred. 

With  this  plain  statement  of  facts,  which  ap- 
pears to  me  conclusive,  I  might  stop.  It  is  not 
incumbent  upon  me  to  show  reasons  why  a  com- 
pound of  ''  lying  and  impudence  "  (to  use  D.  P.'s 
expression)  was  never  formally  contradicted ;  but 
I  may  say  that  I  do  not  see  that  the  allegation, 
that  one  of  the  princes  of  the  house  had  heroically 
assisted  the  Knights  of  St.  John,  was  one  which, 
however  false,  a  sovereign  house  need  have  had 
difficulty  in  enduring,  or  that  it  was  worth  the 
labour  of  a  formal  refutation.  I  should  as  soon 
have  expected  to  read  of  such  an  official  denial, 
as  to  have  heard  that  one  of  the  Dukes  of  Lor- 
raine desired  officially  to  refute  the  "  lying  and 
impudence  "  contained  in  the  fabulous  account  of 
the  origin  of  their  arms.  Of  them  we  are  gravely 
told  that  one  of  their  ancestors,  being  in  want  of 
a  pen  one  day,  pierced  xvith  one  shaft  the  three 
eagles  which  (as  allerions)  figure  now  in  the 
arms  of  the  House  of  Hapsburg-Lorraine.  The 
heraldry  of  those  days  of  romance  was  full  of  such 
fables  (witness  the  fabulous  origin  of  the  Danne- 
brog,  or  of  the  fleurs-de-lis  of  France).     All  such 


tales,  especially  those  which  in  any  way  appeared 
to  do  honour  to  the  saints  and  to  the  cause  of 
religion,  were  readily  received ;  but  beautiful  as 
such  fables  often  were,  and  full  of  valuable  sym- 
bolism, it  is  a  little  too  much  to  expect  of  us 
credence  in  them  when  they  are  contradicted  by 
common  sense  or  by  the  voice  of  history. 

John  Woodwakd. 
St.  Mary's  Parsonage,  Montrose. 


MORTICE  AND  TEXON. 
(3^0  S.  X.  449.) 
The  mortice  and  tenon  joint  is  so  necessary  to 
rigidity  and  the  general  stability  of  woodwork, 
that  it  was  probably  invented  as  soon  as  men 
turned  their  attention  to  the  arts  of  construction — 
probably  in  the  lifetime  of  Adam.  The  earliest 
mention  of  it  on  record  is  in  the  book  of  Exodus, 
xxvi.  17,  "Two  tenons  shall  there  be  in  one 
board,"  &c.  But  there  can  be  no  doubt  that  it 
was  extensively  used  in  the  building  of  Noah's 
ark.  Such  a  stupendous  piece  of  carpentry  could 
not  otherwise  have  held  together.  The  mode  of 
junction  at  Stonehenge  is  not,  strictly  speaking, 
mortice  and  tenon.  It  would  be  more  correctly 
defined  as  pin  and  socket,  being  an  earlier  form  of 
the  veritable  mortice  and  tenon  joint — a  well-fit- 
ting and  rectangular  interunion  of  parts.  It  is 
notable  that  the  use  at  Stonehenge  of  this,  which 
is  an  essentially  wooden  mode  of  construction  to  a 
diverse  material,  is  unique.  It  is  probable  that 
in  making  the  doorway  of  their  better  kind  of 
huts,  they  would  drive  a  couple  of  stakes  into 
the  ground  to  form  the  side  posts,  and  that  these 
stakes  were  pointed  at  the  top  to  go  into  holes 
made  in  the  piece  forming  the  lintel ;  and  so  did 
they  in  their  stone  temple,  plainly  evidencing 
their  utter  inexperience  in  the  use  of  stone. 
From  love  of  the  mysterious  and  marvellous,  there 
is  a  gi'eat  disposition  to  give  an  undue  importance 
to  these  remains ;  as,  for  instance,  in  the  supposi- 
tion that  the  stones  were  quarried  in  and  brought 
from  Cornwall.  The  bringing  such  heavy  masses 
over  mountains  and  through  the  woods  and  mo- 
rasses which  then  existed  would  be  an  impossi- 
bility. My  belief  is  that  the  stones  forming  this 
and  similar  structures  were  found  on  the  spot  or 
in  the  immediate  neighbourhood  of  their  erec- 
tion ;  that  they  were  boulders  left  by  the  primaeval 
floods  which  swept  the  earth  anterior  to  man's 
existence.  I  think,  too,  the  rocking  stones  have 
the  same  origin,  their  singular  position  being 
simply  accidental.  It  is  very  likely  that  the 
stones  lying  on  the  surface  of  the  ground,  ready 
to  hand,  originated  the  idea  of  constructing  the 
temple.  The  ability  with  which  the  people  of  this 
period  are  usually  credited  to  quarry  such  large 
masses  of  stone  argues  a  much  greater  acquaint- 


3'«i  S.  XI.  Jan.  26,  '67.]  NOTE  S  AND  QUERIE S. 


83 


ance  witli  the  material  than  is  shown  hy  their 
way  of  using  it.  In  moving  the  stones  limited 
distances,  roughly  working  and  raising  them,  I  see 
no  great  difficulty  even  with  their  limited  know- 
ledge and  rude  appliances.  The  vioclus  operandi 
I  suppose  to  have  been  this : — The  stone  being 
selected  and  prepared,  a  hole  was  dug  in  the 
place  required  for  its  erection,  and  the  stone 
brought  to  the  edge  of  the  orifice  by  levers  (rough 
branches  of  trees  it  may  be) ;  it  would  then  be 
raised  by  ropes  and  use  of  levers.  To  raise  the 
lintel,  I  think  it  likely  they  had  a  rough  wedge- 
shaped  scaffolding  of  the  height  of  the  perpendi- 
cular stones,  and  up  this  they  would  work  the 
stone  by  leverage.  Of  course,  to  them,  it  would 
be  a  work  of  time  and  labour ;  but  perseverance 
would,  I  think,  accomplish  this  much. 

P.  E.  Maset,  Architect. 
24,  Old  Bond  Street,  W. 


LADY  KICHAKDSON. 


(3'<»  S.  X.  487.) 

Mr.  Hazlitt  is  in  error  iu  supposing  that  Lady 
Richardson  was  married  to  a  gentleman  named 
Cramond.  She  was  created  Baroness  Cramond  in 
the  peerage  of  Scotland  in  1628,  with  remainder 
to  Sir  Thomas  Richardson's  son  by  his  first 
marriage  with  Ursula  Southwell. 

Her  first  husband  was  Sir  John  Ashburnham, 
Knt.,  of  Ashburnham,  by  whom  she  was  mother 
of  Mr.  Ashburnham,  the  faithful  attendant  of 
Charles  I.,  and  grandmother  of  the  first  Lord 
Ashburnham.  S.  P.  V. 

Lady  Richardson  (daughter  of  Sir  Thomas 
Beaumont,  Ivnt.)' married,  first,  Sir  John  Ash- 
burnham, whose  daughter  Anne  married  Sir  Ed- 
ward Bering,  Knight  and  Baronet.  She  married, 
secondly,  Sir  Thomas  Richardson,  Knt.,  and  was 
created  by  King  Charles  I.  Baroness  Cramond. 
Vide  Douglas,  Peei-age  of  Scotland,  p.  148,  ed. 
1766;  and  Nisbet,  vol.  ii.  pp.  70,  178,  187,  ed. 
1816.  G.  H.  D. 

Elizabeth  Lady  Richardson  is  mentioned  in 
Nichols's  Leicestershire,  vol.  ii.  part  II.,  p.  854.  I 
inclose  the  extract  taken  from  the  account  of  the 
monuments  in  Stoughton  church,  Leicestershire : — 

"  On  the  left  hand  side,  or,  on  a  chief  sable,  three  lions' 
heads  erased  of  the  first,  '  Eichardson,'  impaling  ♦  Beau- 
mont.' 

"  Xeere  to  this  place  lyeth  interred  the  body  of  Sir 
Thomas  Beaumont,  of  Stawton,  in  the  county  of  Lester, 
Knight,  who  died  the  27  of  November,  1614.  Dame 
Katherine,  His  Wife,  Daughter  and  Heire  of  Thomas 
Farnham,  of  Stawton  aforesaid,  Esq.  (She  died  the 
10"'  of  May,  1621  ;)  Leaving  issue  three  sons  and  seven 
daughters  ;  viz.  Sir  Henry  Beaumont,  Sone  and  Heire, 
married   Elizabeth,  daughter  of  Sir  Willm.   Turpin,  of 


Knaptoft;  Farnham  Beaumont,  second  Sone;  Thomas 
Beaumont,  third  Sone;  Elizabeth,  wife  to  Sir  Johx 
Ashburnham,  after  wife  to  Sir  Thomas  Eichard- 
SONE,  Lord  Chief  Justice  of  the  King's  Bench. 
Frances,  wife  to  Sir  Wolstan  Dixie ;  Anne,  wife  to  .John 
Dillon;  Hellen,  lived  unmarried;  Isabel,  wife  to  Hugh 
Snazell ;  Jane,  wife  to  William  Temple ;  Mary,  wife  to 
Eichard  Paramore. 

"this  monument  was  erected 

AT   the   care   and    COST    OF 

the   lady   ELIZA.   RICHARDSON,   BARONIS   OF 

cramond,   THEIR  ELDEST   DAUGHTER, 

ANNO  1631." 

H.  L.  Powts-Kecb:. 
Stoughton  Grange,  Leicester. 


itineeaeies  of  EDWAED  I. 

EDWABD   IL 


AND 


(S"'  S.  xi.  29.) 

It  was  with  extreme  regret  that  I  read  Mr. 
Hart's  article  under  this  heading.  I  had  hoped 
that  the  acrimonious  and  personal  tone  displayed 
in  it  had  been  abandoned  by  writers  on  antiqua- 
rian subjects  since  the  decease  of  Joseph  Ritson. 
In  the  present  case  it  is  to  be  more  regretted,  as 
both  Mr.  Hartshorne  and  ]\Ir.  Pettigrew  (who 
was  at  the  time  these  Itineraries  were  published 
editor  of  the  publications  of  the  British  Archae- 
ological Association)  have  been  removed  from 
among  us. 

Why  Mr.  Hartshorne,  who,  as  Mr.  Hart  him- 
self shows,  was  quite  aware  of  the  date  of  the 
death  of  Edward  I.,  should  commence  the  second 
regnal  year  of  Edward  II.  a  week  earlier  than  it 
would  naturally  do,  cannot  now  be  explained. 
As,  however,  these  Itineraries  give  not  only  the 
regnal  years,  but  those  of  our  Lord,  and  the  au- 
thorities from  the  various  rolls  for  each  entiy,  an 
error  in  the  former  can  but  in  the  smallest  degree 
affect  the  value  of  this  Index. 

To  the  great  value  of  these  Itineraries  I  am 
happy  to  bear  a  most  grateful  testimony,  as 
Mr.  Hartshorne  was  kind  enough  to  furnish  me 
with  an  extract  of  his  then  unpublished  one  of 
Edward  I.  when  I  was  compiling  my  Histm-y  of 
the  Upper  Ward  of  Lanarkshire,  and  thus  enabled 
me  to  show  conclusively  the  utter  mythical  nature 
of  Blind  Harry's  battle  of  Biggar. 

As  to  names  of  places,  I  can  assure  Mr.  Hart 
that  I  have  had,  in  many  cases,  and  especially  in 
Scotch  ones,  to  compare  Mr.  Hartshorne's  list 
with  the  records,  and  have  always  found  him  cor- 
rect, startling  as  some  of  the  variations  certainly 
are.  I  may  add,  that  the  variations  of  Pontoise 
actually  do  occur  in  the  rolls,  two  of  them  in  con- 
secutive entries. 

As  for  Mr.  Hart's  complaint  against  the  mem- 
bers of  the  British  Archaeological  Association  for 
not  having  animadverted    on   Mr.   Hartshorne's 


84 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES, 


[S^d  S.  XI.  Jan.  26,  '67. 


errors,  I,  as  one  of  tlieni,  reply  in  the  -w^ords  of 
the  civil  law,  De  minimis  noii  curat  jjrcetor. 

George  Yeee  Irves'g. 


Bishop  Hake  axd  Dr.  Bextlet  (3"1  S.  x. 
513.) — The  pamphlet  of  Dr.  Ben  tie  j  first  appeared 
in  1813,  under  the  following  title :  "  Remarks 
upon  a  late  Discourse  of  Free-Thinhing :  in  a 
Letter  to  F.  H.  D.D.  hyPhileleutherus  Lipsiensis. 
Lond.  1713."  The  "  Letter,"  which  contains  no 
allusion  to  Dr.  Hare's  "  Difficulties,"  or  any  other 
of  his  writings,  begins  as  follows :  — 

«  Sir, — Your  many  and  great  Cmlities  to  me  since  our 
first  acquaintance  in  the  Low-Coimtries,  and  the  kind 
office  you  then  did  me  iu  conveying  my  Annotations  on 
Menander  to  the  Press,  but  above  all  your  Taciturnity 
and  Secresy,  that  have  kept  the  true  Author  of  that  Book 
undiscover'd  hitherto,  if  not  unguess'd,  have  encourag'd 
me  to  send  j'ou  these  present  Remarks,  to  be  communi- 
cated to  the  Public,  if  you  think  they  deserve  it :  in 
which  I  doubt  not  but  you'l  exhibit  a  new  proof  of  your 
wonted  Friendship  and  Fidelity." 

From  Chalmers's  General  Biographical  Dic- 
tionary, article  "Dr.  Francis  Hare,"  I  take  the 
following  account :  — 

"  Of  Dr.  Bentley  he  was  once  the  warm  admirer,  and 
afterwards  the  equally  warm  opponent.  During  their 
friendship  the  emendations  on  Menander  and  Philemon 
were  transmitted  thi-ough  Hare,  who  was  then  chaplain- 
general  to  the  army,  to  Burman,  in  1710:  and  Bentley's 
liemarks  on  the  Essay  on  Free-Thbiking  were  inscribed  to 
him  in  1713.  As  soon  as  the  first  part  of  these  were 
published.  Hare  formally  thanked  Dr.  Bentley  by  name 
for  them,  in  a  most  flattering  letter  called  '  The  Clergy- 
man's Thanks  to  PhUeleutherus,'  printed  the  same  year  ; 
but,  in  consequence  of  the  rupture  between  them,  not 
inserted  in  the  collection  of  Hare's  works.  This  rupture 
took  place  soon  after  the  above-mentioned  date,  and 
Bentle3'  in  the  subsequent  editions  of  his  '  Remarks  ' 
withdrew  the  inscription." 

'AA.J61/S. 

Dublin. 

Early  Cocknetisji  (3"*  S.  x.  447.) — If  the  use 
of  ?w  for  V,  and  v  for  w,  iu  writing,  is  to  be  called 
Cockneyism,  the  Lowland  Scotch  must  be  con- 
sidered as  the  most  arrant  Cockneys  known. 
Nothing  is  commoner  in  a  Scottish  fifteenth-cen- 
tury MS.,  as  any  one  may  see  by  looking  at  Jamie- 
son's  edition  of  Barbour's  Bruce.  W.  C.  B.  men- 
tions that  ico.r  is  used  for  vox  at  Wivelsfield.  He 
■will  find  it  also  in  line  13  of  my  e^itio-a.  oi  Lancelot 
of  the  Laik  (Early  English  Text  Society).  Within 
the  compass  of  a  very  few  lines,  he  would  find 
there  also  ?r^^o«c=:upon,  ra/%«e=:waken,  %mider=- 
under,  v«c7i^=wight,  /o?y!;s=love's,  &c.  &c. ;  whilst 
r»co?<f/t=uncouth,  occurs  farther  on.  This  proves 
that  V  was  constantly  written  both  for  u  and  w, 
whilst  v;  is  as  constantly  found  in  the  place  of 
both  ti  and  r.  At  the  same  time,  we  find  icalkine 
=walk,  /i?i-i:V=:fever,  and  natur=n3it\iTe,  where 
the  right  letters   are   used.     An  examination  of 


numerous  instances  will  soon  lead  to  the  conclu- 
sion that  these  peculiarities  must  have  been  due 
to  an  unsettled  state,  not  of  pronunciation,  but  of 
orthography :  and  there  is  no  proof  that  iverry  and 
wox  were  pronounced  otherwise  than  very  and  vox. 
But  as  we  imply  by  Cockneyism  a  misuse  of  the 
letters  inproniinciaiion,  we  should  draw  some  dis- 
tinction between  this  term  and  the  curious  spelling 
so  very  common  in  old  MSS. 

Walter  W.  Skeat. 

jMeters's  Letters  (3"^  S.  viii.  107,  405.)  — Li 
Smith's  Classical  Dictionary,  art.  "  Cynageirus," 
it  is  said  — 

"  At  length  we  arrive  at  the  acme  of  the  ludicrous  in 
the  account  of  Justin.  Here  the  hero,  having  succes- 
sively lost  both  his  hands,  hangs  on  by  his  teeth,  and 
even  in  his  mutilated  state  fights  desperately  with  the 
last-mentioned  weapons  '  like  a  mad  wild  boar.'  " 

I  think  Chapelain  carries  exaggeration  farther. 
Cynageirus  merely  bites  and  fights  after  he  has 
lost  his  hands ;  Geoffroy  holds  on  after  he  has  lost 
his  body :  — 

"  Geoflfroy  saisit  le  mur,  d'une  main  triomphant, 
Tout  prfes  a  le  franchir,  si  Jlorton  survenu 
Au  fort  de  son  ardeur  n'eust  son  cours  retenu. 
Morton  leve  le  bras,  et  d'une  lourde  hache 
Du  robuste  poignet  une  main  luy  detache; 
D'une  autre  il  se  raccroche,  et  voit  Morton  soudain, 
Avec  le  mesme  fer,  lui  trancher  I'autre  main  ; 
Les  dents,  tout  luimanquaut,  dans  les  pierres  il  plante, 
Et  perd  la  teste  encore  sous  la  hache  tranchante, 
Le  tronc  en  sang  retourne  au  Fran9ois  indigne, 
Luy,  des  mains  et  des  dents,  garde  le  mur  gaigne." 
La  Pucelle,  ch.  xi.  p.  345,  ed.  1656. 

FiTZHOl'KrNS. 
Garrick  Club. 

The  Xame  of  Howard  (3^i  S.  x.  437.)  —  This 
distinguished  name  has  nothing  to  do  with  Hog- 
toarcl  or  Hayioarcl.  Havard  was  a  common  per- 
sonal name  among  the  Northmen,  and  Mr.  Laing 
considers  it  identical  with  the  English  Howard, 
which  they  may  have  left  in  Northumberland 
and  East  Anglia.  (See  Heiytiskringla,  i.  410.) 
However  this  may  be,  there  is  little  doubt  that  on 
the  settlement  of  Eollo  in  Neustria  some  of  this 
name  were  among  his  followers,  as  the  surname 
Houard  is  well  known  in  Normandy.  L^xrus 
also  overlooks  the  fact  that  Houardus  occui-s  in 
the  Domesday  Survey  (Essex)  as  a  tenant,  though 
nothing  of  his  nation  or  history  seems  to  be  known. 
Mark  An'toitx  Lower. 

Lewes. 

Christopher  Collin's,  the  Coi^stable  of 
Qtjeexsborough  Castle  (3''^  S.  x.  353,  405.)  — 
The  recent  mention  of  this  name  reminds  me  that 
Sharon  Turner,  in  his  History  of  England,  has 
suggested  that  this  personage,  a  supporter  of 
Richard  III.,  may  have  been  identical  with  Chris- 
topher Colon  or  Columbus,  who,  he  supposes,  may 
have  settled  in  England  for  a  time  at  that  period. 


3'<i  S.  XI.  Jax,  26,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


85 


The  suggestion  seems  a  very  fanciful  one  at  best : 
his  descendants  probably  may  be  able  to  give 
something  more  as  to  Collinses  life  and  actions, 
and  thereby  sho-w  the  impossibility  of  such  a 
coincidence,  Henry  T.  Rilet. 

MOEKES-,  OK  MORTKIN,  ITS  DERIVATION  (S'"'*  S. 

xi.  7.) — There  can  be  little  doubt,  I  should  think, 
that  this  word  is  derived  from  the  Latin  mortici- 
num,  a  classical  epithet  for  an  animal  that  has 
died  of  disease  or  pestilence,  and  whose  flesh  con- 
sequently is  no  better  than  carrion.  The  classical 
word  was  in  considerable  use  among  the  Latin 
writers  of  the  middle  ages  ;  and  it  not  improbably 
obtained  a  footing  in  our  language,  in  a  modified 
form,  through  either  a  Norman  or  a  Walloon 
channel ;  to  the  former  of  which,  in  especial,  we 
are  indebted  for  many  of  our  commercial  terms. 
Henry  T.  Riley. 

Were  these  the  skins  of  lambs  that  died  in  the 
womb  ?  In  days  when  vellum  was  so  much  used 
and  bore  such  a  price,  one  can  imderstand  how 
lamb  skins  submitted  to  a  like  fate  or  process 
might  be  of  great  value,  and  be  used  for  a  hundred 
purposes.  In  a  pastoral  country,  such  as  England 
always  has  been,  these  abortions  are  common.  I 
myself  have  them  every  year,  and  the  wool  upon 
them  is  of  a  peculiar  fineness.  G.  H.  L. 

Marlborottgh's  Generals  (3"^'^  S.  x.  460.)  — 
I  haA'e  been  hoping  to  see  some  answer  to  this 
query.  The  information  required  is  rather  exten- 
sive, and  scarcely  obtainable  now.  I  subjoin  a 
list  of  some  of  the  chief  English  ofiicers  who 
served  in  Germany  and  Flanders  in  those  cam- 
paigns :  — 

The  Duke  of  Marlborough,  Captain- General. 

Generals. — Charles  Churchill  (the  duke's  bro- 
ther), the  Earl  of  Albemarle. 

Lieut.-Generah. — The  Earl  of  Athlone,  Richard 
Ingoldsby,  Lumley  (of  the  cavalry),  Lord  Cutts, 
Earl  of  Orkney,  Mnrray,  J.  Richmond  AVebb  (the 
hero  of  Wynendael),  the  Duke  of  Argyle,  Henry 
Withers  ("the  friend  to  all  mankind").  Wood 
(an  eccentric  individual),  Ross,  Temple  (after- 
wards Lord  Cobham),  Wentworth  (Earl  of  Straf- 
ford), Lauder  Erie. 

Major- Generals. — Wilkes,  St.  Paul,  Hamilton, 
Lord  North  and  Grey,  Earl  of  Stair,  Sampson  de 
Lallo  (a  French  refugee,  killed  at  Malplaquet), 
Sabine. 

Brigadier-Generals. — Archibald  Rowe  (killed 
at  Blenheim),  Ferguson,  Baldwin,  Charles  Earl 
of  Orrery. 

Colonels. — J.  Pocock,  Primrose,  George  Macart- 
ney, James  Dormer,  William  Barrell,^J.  Moyle, 
Lord  John  Hay,  Selwyn,  Philip  Honeywood, 
Evans,  Godfrey  (the  duke's  nephew),  Algernon 
Seymour  (Earl  of  Hertford),  Thomas  Meredith, 
Viscount  Mordaunt,  Holcroft  Blood  (son  of  Col. 


Blood  who  stole  the  crown),  Douglas,  Earl  of 
Derbv,  Lord  Tullibardine,  Gorsuch  (killed  at 
Gheiit). 

Lieut. -Colonels. — Grove,  Blount,  Philip  Dormer 
(killed  at  Blenheim),  Farrars,  Sir  John  Mathew^ 
Cholmley. 

Staff:  —  Qiiarte7-master-Gen. —  Major-Gen.  W. 
Cadogan. 

Assist,  ditto.— Col.  William  Tatton. 

Aid-de-camps. — Col.  Parker  (who  brought  home 
the  news  of  Blenheim),  Col.  Bringfield  (killed  at 
Ramilhes),  Lieut.-Col.  Pitt,  Lieut.-Col.  R.  Moles- 
worth.  Sebastian. 

Feiedrich  RiJCEEET  (S"^  S.  viii.  109.)— In  The 
Times  of  Feb.  10,  1866,  I  have  found  an  answer 
to  the  query  of  your  correspondent  Aulois  :  — 

"  A  few  days  ago  died  Friedrich  Riiekert,  the  oldest 
and  oue  of  the  greatest  of  the  modern  German  poets.  His 
productions  are  more  distinguished  for  deep  and  contem- 
}  plative  thought  and  warm  delicate  feeling,  than  new  and 
j  bold  ideas.  He  had  withal  such  milimited  mastery  of 
his  language  that  his  translations  from  the  Arabic,  Per- 
sian, Sanscrit,  and  Chinese  have,  perhaps,  rendered  him 
even  more  popular  than  his  original  and  genuine  Ger- 
man verse.  To  those  sufficiently  conversant  with  the 
tongue  to  be  able  to  appreciate  its  wonderful  pliability 
and  the  innumerable  jeux  cTesprits  it  can  be  made  to  pro- 
duce with  almost  Arabian  ease  and  elegant  subtlety,  I 
would  recommend  a  perusal  of  his  translation  of  Al- 
HarirVs  Stories.  Riiekert  had  completed  his  77th  year 
when  he  died,  a  happy  and  contented  man,  at  his  own 
estate  of  Xeusesa,  near  Coburg,  where  he  had  spent  the 
latter  part  of  his  life." 

M.  A.  J.  N. 

Burning  of  the  Jesuits'  Books  (3'''^  S.  xi. 
10.)  — An  article  on  the  burning  of  these  books, 
as  witnessed  by  Bifrons,  to  which  Me.  Wilkins 
desires  a  reference,  will  be  found  at  p.  257  of  the 
first  volume  of  The  Cornhill  Magazine,  by  Mr. 
Herman  Merivale,  and  reprinted  in  his  Historical 
Studies,  p.  186.  R.  B.  S. 

Glasgow. 

If  De.  Wilkins  is,  as  some  of  his  recent  queries 
would  seem  to  indicate,  entering  upon  the  inves- 
tigation of  the  authorship  of  Junius'  Letters,  let 
me  forewarn  him  that  it  is  Bifrons  not  Junius 
who  says  he  was  present  at  the  burning  of  the 
Jesuits'  books ;  and  that  by  many  of  those  who 
have  most  studied  the  question,  the  identity  of 
Bifrons  and  Junius  is  altogether  denied,  as  it  i& 
by  3Ir.  AVade  in  his  edition  (Bohn's)  of  the  Let- 
ters, ii.  175.  Has  Dr.  AVilkins  consulted  the 
several  articles  upon  this  subject  which  are  to  be 
found  in  j^our  Fu-st  and  Second  Series  ?       B.  0, 

Laege  Silver  Medal  (3'-<^  S.  xi.  11.)  —  This 
medal  was  struck  in  commemoration  of  the  Peace 
of  Ryswyck.  Hamilton  Field. 

Clapham  Park. 

Blatchington  (3'*  S.  x.  495.")  —  It  is  in  the 
farmyard  of  West  Blatchington  your  correspon- 
dent J.  P.  has  noticed  the  small  church  or  chapel. 


86 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[3'd  S.  XI.  Jan.  26,  '67. 


There  is  nothing  of  the  kind  at  East  Blatching- 
ton,  near  Seaford,  nearly  the  whole  parish  being 
in  one  farm,  at  present  and  for  some  years  past  in 
the  occupation  of  my  father. 

This  is  the  living  of  St.  Peter's,  to  which  the 
quotation  from  Bacon's  Liber  Regis  refers.  The 
answer  from  Horsfield's  Sussex  must,  I  imagine, 
refer  to  a  small  piece  of  ground  with  remains  of  a 
wall,  and  now  going  by  the  name  of  Sutton 
Churchyard,  Sutton-cum-Seaford  being  to  the 
north-east  of  Blatchington  and  Seaford. 

A.  Downs. 

Eomsey. 

A  Perfect  Cathedeal  (3'*  S.  x.  493.)  — Hav- 
ing studied  Gothic  architecture  twenty-five  years, 
I  think  I  may  venture  to  answer  H.  E.  H.  J.,  and 
to  give  it  as  my  opinion  that  no  one  of  our  cathe- 
drals would  be  benefited  by  features  taken  from 
the  others, — that  a  "  perfect  cathedral  "  could  not 
be  manufactured  in  any  such  hodge-podge  manner. 
English  cathedral  churches,  though  inferior  in 
size  to  those  in  France,  yet  have  this  superiority, 
that  they  are  more  complete  in  themselves.  The 
English  builders  did  not  attempt  more  than  they 
could  well  accomplish,  consequently  you  do  not 
find  their  works  lacking  an  important  feature,  or 
otherwise  left  in  an  incomplete  state,  as  is  the 
case  with  so  many  foreign  cathedrals. 

P.  E.  M. 

RpuKDELS :  Verses  on-  Fruit  Trenchers  (S""* 
S.  xi.  18.)  —  I  have  read  with  great  pleasure  Mr. 
Harlowe's  interesting  communication.  My  as- 
sertion that  the  set  of  trenchers  in  question  be- 
longed to  Queen  Elizabeth  was  not  "conjectural," 
as  it  was  so  stated  on  the  label  placed  by  them 
in  the  Bodleian.  They  were  there  stated  to  be 
^ruit  trenchers,  though  I  must  confess  I  thought 
it  very  strange  that  they  should  be  so,  being,  as 
Mr.  Harlowe  says,  "  very  thin  and  flat." 

John  Piggot,  Jtjn. 

Massy-Tincture  (3"1  S.  x.  494.)  —  Is  it  not 
most  likely  that  the  "Massy-Tincture  prints" 
meant  mezzotinto  engravings  ?  It  is  apparently  a 
device  of  the  John  Playford  alluded  to  by  Mr. 
Blades,  to  give  an  English  rendering  to  an  un- 
known word.  1687  is  the  date  of  the  book.  1682 
Prince  Rupert,  the  inventor  of  mezzotint,  died. 
So  it  was  quite  a  new  and  strange  thing  then. 
The  process  is  effected  by  scraping  in  the  lights 
upon  the  mass  of  shading :  so  that  mass-tint  was 
no  bad  hit  of  Playford's.  C.  A.  W. 

May  Fair. 

Sense  of  Pre-existence  (2"'^  S.  ii.  329.)  — 
The  subject  of  the  spiritual  consciousness  inti- 
mated in  the  query  referred  to,  and  discussed  in 
several  articles  in  that  volume,  and  in  vols,  iii., 
iv.,  v.,  vii.,  and  xi.,  has  not  been  exhausted.  My 
idea  is,  that  it  is  one  of  the  phenomena  of  dream- 


life,  distinct  from,  yet  analogous  to,  the  faculty  of 
memory  in  our  waking  hours.  One  falls  asleep, 
or  into  that  dreamy  abstraction  from  the  external 
world  akin  thereto ;  and  then  scenes  and  circum- 
stances, which  had  been  fiishioned  by  the  imagin- 
ation in  a  previous  similar  condition,  are  again 
vividly  represented  to  the  soul  as  having  occurred 
before.  Take  an  illustration: — Many  years  ago 
I  dreamed  of  reclining  alone  on  a  terraced  slope, 
at  the  end  of  a  long  and  level  peninsula.  Behind 
were  a  few  graceful  palms,  while  before  stretched 
an  ocean,  calm  and  intensely  blue ;  and  the  cloud- 
less sky  above,  though  without  sun,  or  moon,  or 
stars,  was  pervaded  with  a  soft  emerald  light. 
Twice  afterwards,  months  apart,  I  dreamed  the 
same  dream.  The  impression  was  strong  as  wak- 
ing vision,  and  the  loveliness  of  the  scene  en- 
hanced by  remembrance  of  my  former  visit.  Here 
the  waking  state  may  be  considered  intermittent — 
a  parenthesis  as  it  were ;  and  the  recurrence  of 
the  picture  to  the  consciousness,  lapped  in  sleep, 
became  the  continuing  link  of  the  dream-life  :  — 
"  Our  life  is  twofold,  sleep  hath  its  own  world." 

Let  any  person  who  fancies  he  has  experienced 
this  mysterious  "sense  of  pre-existence,"  ponder 
well,  whether  he  has- not  been  on  the  occasion  in 
a  brown  study,  or  momentarily  asleep.  J.  L. 

Dublin, 

Christian  Ale  (3"*  S.  x.  28.)  may  be  the  same  as 
the  Church  Ale  mentioned  in  the  following  entries 
from  the  Walberswick  churchwardens'  account 
book,  printed  in  Gardner's  Historical  Account  of 
Dumvich,  1754,  p.  149 :  — 

"  Receipts.  s.    d. 

"  1453.  Sexto  Die  Maii  at  a  Cherche  Ale  .        .     13    4 
Item  de  luio  Cherche  Ale,  in  Festo  om- 
nium Sanctorum        .        .        ,        .     16     0 

"  Disbursements, 
"  1451.  Apud  Southwalde  at  a  Chirche  Ale       .      0    8" 

The  Christian  ale  and  Church  ale  were  pro- 
bably other  names  for  Whitsun  ale,  when  the 
parishioners  met  in  a  hall  or  barn,  and  amused 
themselves  with  dancing;  minstrels  and  morris 
dancers  added  to  the  amusements.  Refreshments 
were  supplied  at  the  expense  of  the  parish,  and 
a  collection  for  the  church  appears  to  have  been 
made. 

In  Coates'  History  of  Beading,  an  extract  is 
given  from  the  churchwardens'  accounts  of  St. 
Mary's  in  that  town.  Among  others  is  this 
entry :  — 

"  1557.  Item,  payed  to  the  morrys  daunsers  and  the 
mynstrelles  mete  and  drink  at  Whytsontide,  iii'  iiii''." 

John  Piggot,  Jun. 

Scot,  a  Local  Prefix  (3"»  S.  xi.  12.)  — The 
prefix  Scot,  whatever  be  its  significance,  or  how- 
soever derived,  appears  to  have  been  imported  into 
this  island  by  the  Northmen,     Your  correspon- 


3'd  S,  XI.  Jan.  26,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


8; 


dent  A.  0.  V.  P.  gives  the  names  of  certain  places 
in  England  in  which  this  is  found.  To  these 
might  be  added,  Scotsthorp,  Scotland,  and  Scaw- 
ton,  in  Yorkshire ;  as  also,  within  the  northern 
division  of  the  United  Kingdom,  Scotstarvet,  Scat- 
raw,  Scatterly,  Scatwell,  Scotland- Wells,  Scots- 
turn,  Scots  Mill,  Scotstown,  Scottack,  Scottas, 
and  others — all  which  plainly  own  a  common 
origin. 

Mr.  Taylor,  with  referen£e  to  the  name  of  Scot- 
land's separate  monarchy,  repeats  the  common 
absurdity :  how  that  a  tribe  of  Irish,  which,  to  use 
his  own  words,  "  actually  colonised  only  a  portion 
of  Argyll,  has  succeeded  in  bestowing  its  name 
on  the  whole  countiy  " — a  statement  which  there 
are  good  grounds  for  believing  to  be  entirely  fabu- 
lous. From  a  document  of  the  twelfth  century, 
referred  to  in  the  Proceedinc/s  of  the  Scotch  Anti- 
quaries (vol.  V.  part  n.  p.  339),  it  will  be  seen 
that  the  term  Scot  was  employed  to  denote,  not  a 
Gael,  but  a  loivlandman.  It  seems  scarcely  reason- 
able to  doubt  that  the  people  of  the  Scotch  Low- 
lands, since  the  period  of  which  we  possess  any 
authentic  memorial,  have  been,  and  are  essentially 
Gothic ;  augmented,  doubtless,  with  more  recent 
settlements  of  Danes,  Swedes,  Norwegians,  Flem- 
ings, and  Saxons. 

I  am  disposed  to  believe  that  the  prefix  Scot, 
and  the  name  Scotl&nA.,  are  derived  either  medi- 
ately or  immediately  from  the  old  Gothic  word 
Skalt-a,  signifying  tax  or  tribute  ("  tributum  pen- 
dere — tributum  exigere ''). 

It  is  a  singular  fact,  that  the  older  inhabitants 
of  Aberdeenshire  invariably  pronounce  this  name 
"  <SZ;a^dand";  something,  perhaps,  between  this 
and  Skiitt\?iU(\..  The  final  syllable,  in  two  of  the 
examples  cited  by  A.  0.  V.  P.,  viz.  Scotiy  and 
Scottles^/jw7ye,  is  distinctively  Scandinavian,  I  do 
not  acquiesce  in  the  hypothesis  of  hybrid  combina- 
tions. 

Scot,  as  a  prefix  fScotholm),  occurs  as  the  name 
of  one  of  the  smaller  islands  of  Shetland,  and  is 
found  in  the  parent  countries  of  Sweden  and 
Norway. 

I  lately  met  with  the  name  Sladt,  in  the  form 
of  a  surname,  on  some  old  tombstones  situated 
within  the  churchyards  on  the  Sussex  coast,  and 
in  proximity  to  places  bearing  names  evidently 
imprinted  by  the  Northmen.  J.  C.  E. 

New  Inn,  London. 

"  Les  Anglois  s'ajiusaient  teisteme^^t  "  (S'"* 
S.  xi.  44.)  —  In  obedience  to  Me.  Wilkinson's 
hint  as  to  "  Les  Anglois  s'amusaient  tristement," 
&c.,  I  have  looked  through  the  chapters  of  Comines 
descriptive  of  the  festivities  at  Amiens,  but  I  can- 
not find  this  much-vexed  quotation.  I  have  also 
searched  in  Froissart,  Monstrelet,  and  Sully,  with 
equal  success.  The  author  therefore  seems  to  be, 
as  Lord  Byron  says  of  the  writer  of /««ms'  Letters, 


"really,  truly,  nobody  at  all."    I  fear  Jatdee 
must  give  it  up  as  hopeless. 

Jonathan  BorcHiER. 
I  am  greatly  obliged  to  Mr.  Wilkinson  for  his 
suggestion,  although  it  has  not  led  to  a  satisfac- 
tory result.  I  have  read  the  chapter  in  which 
Philippe  de  Comines  describes  the  feast  given  at 
Amiens  to  the  English  by  the  King  of  France, 
and  no  such  passage  as  the  one  I  am  in  search  of 
occurs  there :  nor,  after  a  pretty  careful  explora- 
tion of  the  rest  of  the  Memoirs,  have  I  met  with 
anything  resembling  it.  The  edition  I  have  con- 
sulted is,  I  believe,  the  best  one — Memoircs  de 
Philippe  de  Commynes,  8,-c.,  3  tomes  8vo,  Paris, 
1840  (tome  i.  p.  362).  The  English  translation, 
published  by  Bohn  in  2  vols.,  1855,  I  have  also 
looked  through  in  vain.  Will  our  French  friends, 
as  Isome  time  ago  suggested  (3''<^  S.  x.  147),  aid 
me  in  the  search  after  this  quotation  ?  For  the 
present  I  call  it  so,  although  I  am  more  and  more 
inclined  to  believe,  as  I  formerly  stated,  that  the 
supposed  "quotation,"  which  does  such  good  ser- 
vice to  all  deriders  of  the  English,  is  a  piece  of 
modern  antique,  and  not  to  be  found  in  any  old 
French  chronicles  at  all.  I  have  formerh'"  dis- 
posed of  Froissart  and  Sully,  and  now  Philippe  de 
Comines  is  put  aside.  Can  any  one  start  me  on 
a  fresh  scent  ?  Jatdee. 

"  Ride  a  Cock-hoese  "  (2,^^  S.  xi,  36.)  —  See 
Archceology  of  our  ....  Nursery  Rhymes,  bv  J.  B. 
Ker,  Esq.  (vol.  i.  p.  274),  London,  1837";  and 
Suijplemcnt  to  .  .  .  Archceology,  8,-c.,  bv  the  same 
author  (p.  290),  Andover,  1840. 

Joseph  Rix,  M.D. 

St.  Neots, 

Penal  Laavs  against  Roman  Catholics  (S'"'* 
S.  X.  356,  440,  518.)— On  one  section  of  this  sub- 
ject, your  correspondent  will  do  well  to  consult 
A  History  of  the  Penal  Laws  against  the  Irish 
Catholics  from  1689  to  the  Union,  by  Sir  Henry 
Parnell,  M.P.  This  was  published' during  the 
CatholicEmancipation  agitation,  and  went  through 
several  editions.  It  gives  an  exhaustive  account 
of  the  various  enactments  against  the  Irish  Ca- 
tholics, and  pleads  for  their  removal  in  a  manly 
earnest  spirit :  — 

"  The  constitution,"  savs  Sir  Henrv,  "  rests  upon  the 
foundation  of  every  subject  of  the  King  having  an  interest 
in  protecting  it ;  in  everj-  subject  being  in  possession  of 
full  security  for  his  person  and  his  property-,  and  his 
liberty  against  all  invasions,  whether  of  aibitravy  power 
or  popular  outrage.  This  principle  of  universal  admis- 
sion into  the  rights  of  the  constitution,  makes  the  prin- 
ciple of  its  preservation  universal ;  and  every  exception 
of  it,  in  place  of  securing  a  safeguard,  creates  a  real 
danger." 

Wji.  E.  a.  Axon. 

Strangewaj-s. 


88 


NOTES  AND  QUEEIES. 


[S-^d  S.  XI.  jA2f.  26, 


^tjJcclIanrouS. 

NOTES  OX  BOOKS.  ETC. 
Some   Account   of  the  Life   and   Opinions   of   a    Fifth- 

3Ionarchy-3Ia7i,  chiefly  extracted  from  the   Writings  of 

John  Rogers,  Preacher.    By  the  Rev.  Edward  Eogers, 

M.A.     (Longman  &  Co.) 

The  turbulent  theological  hero  who  is  the  subject  of 
the  present  volume  Avas  one  of  the  family  of  presumed 
descendants  from  the  proto-martyr  in  the  days  of  Queen 
Maiy,  His  principal  works  are  essentially  autobio- 
graphical. Their  interest  lies  in  their  explaining  the 
principles  of  the  dangerous  fanatics  amongst  whom  he 
was  a  leader  ;  in  their  relating  -srith  great  minuteness 
the  incidents  of  his  persecutions,  and  especially  in  their 
giving  an  account  of  an  extraordinary  interview  which 
he  had  with  Oliver  Cromwell  whilst  he  was  Protector. 
The  author  of  the  present  volume  has  skilfully  seized 
upon  this  autobiographical  peculiarity,  and  in  a  pleasant 
manner,  and  with  a  sufficient  amount  of  explanatory 
connexion,  has  strung  together  such  extracts  as  present 
Tis  -with  a  complete  picture  of  a  Fifth-JIonarchy-man 
painted  bj'  himself.  The  book  is  a  valuable  addition  to 
our  materials  for  the  histoiy  of  the  Cromwellian  period, 
and  is  rendered  peculiarly  so  by_the  careful  way  in  which 
the  author  has  illustrated  his  materials  from  the  best 
authorities  upon  the  subject.  Of  course,  like  all  auto- 
biographies, the  narratives  of  John  Rogers  must  be  read 
with  sufficient  allowance  for  the  tendency  which  exists 
in  all  such  narrators  to  represent  themselves  as  heroes,  or 
martyrs,  and  their  opponents  as  entirely  inexcusable. 
Songs  of  Innocence  and  Experience,  with  other  Poems.   By 

W.  Blake.     (Pickering.) 

The  admirers  of  William  Blake  as  a  poet,  and  they  are 
a  rapidly  increasing  number,  owe  much  to  Mr.  Pickering 
for  this  reprint  of  Blake's 

" happy  songs 

Every  child  may  joy  to  hear," 
In  their  integritv,  the  recent  republications  of  them  in 
1839  and  1863  having  been  improved  by  their  respective 
editors.  In  addition  to  a  verbatim  rep'rint  of  the  Songs 
of  Innocence  and  Experience,  i\iQ  present  handsome  little 
volume  contains  the  Miscellaneous  Poems  reprinted  from 
Blake's  own  MS.  in  the  possession  of  the  publisher. 

Critical  Notes  on  the  Authorised  English  Version  of  the 
New  Testament.  Second  Edition.  By  Samuel  Sharpe. 
(J.  RusseU  Smith.) 

This  little  volume  is  intended  as  a  companion  to  the 
author's  translation  of  the  New  Testament;  and  ^the 
writer's  design  in  it  is  to  show  the  desirability  of  a  Xew 
Version,  by  reason  of  the  improved  Text  which  we  now 
possess,  the  incorrect  scholarship  of  the  Jacobean  transla- 
tors, and  the  changes  which  since  their  time  have  taken 
place  in  the  English  language.  His  arguments  cannot 
be  gainsaid  ;  his  criticism  is  trenchant,  and  his  altera- 
tions are  often  improvements.  But  not  unfi-equently  also 
he  betrays  the  doctrinal  bias  which  leads  him  to  favour  a 
new  rendering,  and  rejoices  to  display  his  contempt  for 
authority  or  old-fashioned  orthodoxy.  He  thus  exhibits 
the  difficulty,  as  well  as  proves  the  desirability,  of  a  fresh 
Authorised  Translation. 

Mr.  Thomas  Purnell's  new  work.  Literature  and  its  Pro- 
fessors, is  announced  to  appear  next  week. 

Deaths  of  Dr.  Fisher  axd  Mr.  D'Altox.  —  It  is 
with  great  regret  that  we  announce  the  death  on  the  17th 
instant,  at  his  house,  5,  Appian  Way,  Lesson  Street, 
Dublin,  of  Thomas  Fisher,  Esq.,  M.D.,  Deputy  Libra- 
rian of  Trinity  College,  Dublin,  aged  sixty-sL^  years. 


De.  Fisher  was  a  frequent  and  valuable  contributor  to 

our    columns    under  the  signature   of  '.Wievs Joiiir 

D'Altox,  Esq.,  Barrister-at-Law,  whose  name  and  con- 
tributions are  familiar  to  our  readers,  and  who  was 
widely  known  by  his  curious  editions  of  James  the  Se- 
cond's Irish  Army  Lists,  and  his  extraordinary  Gene- 
alogical Collections,  died  also,  we  regret  to  say,  on  the 
20th  instant,  at  his  residence,  48,  Summer  Hill,  Dublin, 
aged  seventy-four. 


BOOKS    ANI>  ODD    VOLUMES 
WA:ifTEI)   TO   PTJECHASE. 

Particulars  of  Price,  &c.,  of  the  foUowini  Books,  to  be  sent  direct 
to  the  gentlemen  by  whom  they  are  required,  whoae  names  and  ad- 
dresses are  given  for  that  purpose:  — 
Lady  Ann   Hamilton's    Secret  Hjstobt  of  the  Codkt  op  Englaxd. 

2  Vols.  8vo,  1832. 


Wanted  by  William  J.  Thorns.  Lsq..V).  St.  George's  Square, 

Asia.   B70,  3  Vols.    Iiondon, 


Belsrave  Road 


Stevens'    Translatio.v   op    Pobtboi 
1695. 

Wanted  by  Mr.  i/biceZZ,  Bookseller,  Starcross,  near  Exeter. 


Marco  Polo's  Tratkls.    4to,  boards,  by  Marsden. 
Chesterfield's  Letters,  by  Mahon.    Vol.1.    1845. 
Neal's  New  England.     2  Vols.  8vo. 
Mill's  India.     Vol.  II.    1848. 

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Sbiblbt's  Plays.    6  Vols.    Large  paper. 

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Wanted  by  Mr.  J.  H.  W.  Cadby,  74,  New  Street,  Birmingham. 


We  are  comxielUd  to  postpone  until  next  week  Mr.  Hart's  Junius 
paper, "  Q.  in  the  Corner; "  Chafin's  Cranborne  Chase,  and  many  other 
papers  of  interest. 

E.  A.  B.  The  passages  in  Shelley  to  which  Tennyson  is  supposed  to 
refer  are  Queen  Mab,s«6  finem;  Revolt  of  Islam,  canto  xli.  stanza  17; 
and  Adonais,  stanzas  33, 41,  &c. 

D.  illan  Cunningham's  "  Twelve  Tales  of  Lyddalcross  "  appeared 
in  The  London  Magazine  o/1822,  vols.  v.  and  vi. 

loNORAMHs  (Kendal).  Robert  Browning's  poem  is  notfoundedon  any 
historic  event.    See  "  N.  &  Q."  Srd  S.  i.  136. 

L  H  S.  Mackarony  Fables,  1768,  are  the  production  of  John  Hall 
Stei-elison,  the  Eugenius  of  Sterne.and.  the  author  0/ Crazy  Tales. 

Louisa  Julia  Norman.  For  the  translations  of  Montesquieu  consult 
Watt's  Bibliotheca  Britannica,  and  Lowndes's  Bibliographer's  Manual. 

»»*  Cases  for  binding  the  volumes  of  "  N.  &  Q."  may  be  had  of  the 
Publisher,  and  of  all  Booksellers  and  Newsmen. 

A  Reading  Case  for  holding  the  weekly  Nos.  of  "N.  &  Q."  is  now 
ready,  and  maybe  had  of  aU  Booksellers  and  Newsmen,  price  Is.  6d.; 
or,  free  by  post,  direct  from  the  publisher,  for  Is.  8d. 

"  Notes  and  Qdebies  "  is  published  at  nnon  on  Friday,  and  is  also 
issued  in  Monthly  Parts.  The  Subscription  for  Stamped  Copies /or 
six  Months  forwarded  direct  from  the  Publisher  {including  the  Half- 
uearlu  Index)  is  Us.  id.,  which  may  be  paid  by  Post  Office  Order, 
vaiiable  at  the  Strand  Post  Office,  in  favour  of  "/Vo.j.jam  G.  Smith,  32, 
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FOB  THE  Editob  should  be  addressed. 

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Amanuensis  ob  Undeb-Librarian.-A  Gentleman,  with  some  know- 
lede'e  of  English  literature,  and  an  elementary  acquaintance  withthe 
French,  Italian,  and  German  languages,  wishes  to  hear  of  an  appoint- 
ment of  the  above  nature.  Is  an  expert  cataloguer,  and  can  correct  tor 
the  press.— Address  X,  3.  Somerset  Villas,  Jasmine  Grove,  Penge,  S.E. 

Three  Hundred  and  Fifty-seven  Persons  died  of  diseases  of  the  throat 
and  lunt's  in  London  alone  last  we'k.  It  is  not  too  much  to  say 
(humanly  speaking)  that  one-half  might  have  been  spared,  and  aU 
relieved,  by  the  timely  use  of  Da.  Lococe's  Pulmonic  Wafers,  whicU 
stop  a  cough  in  a  few  minutes,  as  we  can  testify  from  oiir  own  experi- 
ence; while  their  taste  is  so  agreeable  that  children  take  theni  with 
avidity.  No  praise  is  too  great  for  this  truly  wonderful  remedy  lor  aU 
disorders  of  the  chest  and  limgs. 


NOTES  AND  aUEHIES: 

^  gebutm  0f  Intertflninunutatmn 

FOR 

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3fd  S.  XI.  Feb.  2,  'G7.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


89 


LOXDON,  SATURDAY,  FEBRUARY 


CONTENTS.— N"  266. 

NOTES-  —  Hamiah  Liglitfoot,  89  — Human  Sacrifices  in 
Orissa,  92  —  Dr.  Thomas  Fisher,  iZ..— Nothing  New  under 
the  Sun  — Sir  Simon  Archer  —  Derivation  of  the  Word 
Church  —  Archbishop  Juxon  —  Tollesbury  Church,  Essex 

—  Vowel  Changes,  a,  aw—  Fronde's  "History  of  Eng- 
land "  —  Assumed  Literary  Names  of  American  Authors, 
93. 

QUERIES:  — Abb6  —  American  Poets  —  Calico  Cloth  — 
Cawthorne  P.,ecusauts  —  Albert  Durer's  "  Knight,  Death, 
and  the  Devil  "  —  Queen  Elizabeth  and  the  Earl  of  Essex 

—  The  Epistles  of  the  Apostolic  Fathers  —  "  Hamble- 
tonian"and  "  Diamond  "  — Historical  Pictures  at  Den- 
ham  Court  —  Macaronic  Description  of  a  Friar  —  Menmath 

—  Moomvort  —  Occurrences  in  Edinburgh,  1688  —  Song  — 
Roll  of  i^hysicians  — Table-turning— Torches  — Old  Va- 
lentin —  Whey,  95. 

QUEEIE3WITH  ANSWERS :  —The  Wooden  Horse  —  Murillo  's 
Painting  —  Evans's  "  Geography  "  —  A  Query  for  Celts  — 
Apostle :  Revolutionists  of  Holland  —  Skinner  Family  — 
Anecdote  respecting  the  Authorised  Version  of  the  Bible 

—  Bibliotheca  Piscatoria,  97. 

REPLIES  :  —  Philology  (Poetum),  99  —  Randolph,  100  —  Ju- 
nius :  Q.  in  the  Corner,  /6.— Pifferari,  102— Blood  is  Thicker 
than  Water,  103  —  "Anecdotes  of  Cranbourne  Chase,"  &c., 
lOi  —  Ealing  Great  School  —  Walton  and  Cotton's  "  Com- 
pleat  Angler"  — Von  Ewald— Extraordinary  Assemblies 
of  Birds  —  Shellev's  "  Adonais  "—Passages  in  Camoens 
and  Spenser —  " Deaf  as  a  Beetle"  — Lord-Lieutenants' 
Chaplains  —  Christmas-Box  —  Buttermilk  —  Pews— Horns 
in  German  Heraldry,  &c.,  105. 

Notes  on  Books.  &c. 


HANNAH  LIGHTFOOT. 

When  looking  into  that  barefaced  and  impudent 
fiction,  the  pretended  marriage  of  Dr.  Wilmot  to 
the  Princess  Poniatowski,  to  which  I  called  the 
attention  of  the  readers  of  "■  N.  &  Q."  in  July  last 
(3"'  S.  X.),  I  found  the  name  of  Hannah  Light- 
foot  so  mixed  up  with  the  affair  that  I  could 
scarcely  resist  the  conviction  that  the  Fair  Quaker  * 
•was  as  mythical  a  personage  as  the  Polish  Prin- 
cess. 

The  publication  of  Mr.  Jesse's  amusing  Memoirs 
of  the  Life  and  Eei/jn  of  George  III.  has  brought 
before  tlie  public  once  more  the  alleged  connection 
and  marriage  between  George  III.  and  Hannah 
Lightfoot. 

Mr.  Jesse,  however^  gives  to  some  of  the  au- 
thorities which  he  uses  an  amount  of  weight  and 
credit  which  a  little  consideration  will  show  they 
by  no  means  deserve.  I  propose,  therefore,  to 
point  out  upon  what  a  mass  of  contradictory  state- 
ments the  scandal  is  founded,  in  the  firm  convic- 
tion that  if  my  readers  do  not  go  the  length  of 
rejecting  the  story  altogether,  they  will  pause 
before  they  even  believe  that  George  HI.  intrigued 
with  Hannah  Lightfoot ;  and  will  feel  thoroughly 
convinced  that  there  is  not  a  shadow  of  truth  in 


■*  "  Fair  Quaker,"  not  Quakeress,  was  the  name  by 
which  the  young  lady  was  generally  designated. 


this  alleged  marriage,  in  which  Mr.  Jesse  seems 
disposed  to  believe. 

The  first  thing  that  strikes  one  as  remarkable 
with  regard  to  this  piece  of  scandal  is  that  no 
allusion  to  it  will  be  found  in  any  historical, 
political,  or  satirical  werk  published  during  the 
lifetime  of  George  HI.  Walpole,  whose  industry 
in  collecting  gossip  equalled  the  delight  with  which 
he  disseminated  it,  has  no  allusion  to  a  story 
which  he  never  could  have  known  and  kept  secret; 
but,  on  the  contrary,  speaks  of  Prince  George 
at  the  very  time  when  this  liaison  must  have 
existed,  if  it  ever  did  exist,  as  "  bigoted,  young, 
and  chaste.'"  But  from  the  year  after  that  in 
which  George  III.  died,  the  story  has  been  con- 
tinually reappearing  in  one  or  other  of  the  many 
varied  forms  which  it  has  assumed. 

The  subject  is  probably  of  sufficient  interest  to 
justify  my  reprinting  such  notices  on  the  subject 
as  have  not  already  appeared  in  the  columns  of 
"N.  &  Q."  In  the  first,  from  The  Monthkj  Maga- 
zine for  April,  1821,  it  will  be  observed  the  lady 
is  spoken  of  as  a  Miss  Wheeler. 


"  All  the  Avorld  is  acquainted  with  the  attachment  of 
the  late  King  to  a  beautiful  Quakeress  of  the  name  of 
Wheeler.  The  lady  disappeared  on  the  royal  marriage 
in  a  way  that  has  always  been  interesting  because  unex- 
plained and  mysterious.  I  have  been  told  she  is  still 
alive,  or  was  lately.  As  connected  with  the  life  of  the 
late  sovereign,  the  subject  is  curious  ;  and  any  informa- 
tion through  your  pages  would  doubtless  be  agreeable^ to 
many  of  your  readers.  B." 

Monthly  Mag.  April  1,  1821,  vol.  li.  p.  523, 

In  tlie  reply  which  this  inquiry  brought  forth 
in  the  July  number  of  the  magazine,  the  lady  be- 
comes a  Miss  Lightfoot ;  and  the  story  is  set  forth 
with  some  incidents  which  I  here  content  myself 
with  printing  in  italics :  — 

B. 

"  Reminiscentia  of  remarkable  Characters  of  the  last  Age  : 
Haxxah  Lightfoot 
(The  Fair  Quaker). 
[In  consequence  of  the  enquiry  relative  to  this  cele- 
brated lady,  in  a  late  number,  we  have  been  favoured 
with  the  following  letter  from  a  respectable  gentleman 
at  Warminster,  and  we  are  promised  further  information. 
On  enquiring  of  the  Axford  family,  who  still  are  respect- 
able grocers  on  Ludgate  Hill,  we  traced  a  son  of  the 
person  alluded  to  in  the  letter,  by  his  second  wife,  Miss 
Bartlett,  and  ascertained  that  the  information  of  our 
correspondent  is  substantially  correct.  From  him  we 
learn  that  the  ladv  lived  six  iveeks  with  her  husband,  who 
was  fondly  attached  to  her,  but  one  evening  when  he 
happened  to  be  from  home,  a  coach  and  four  came  to  the 
door,  when  she  was  conveyed  into  it  and  carried  off  at  a 
gallop,  no  one  knew  whither.  It  appears  the  husband 
was  inconsolable  at  first,  and  at  different  times  applied 
for  information  about  his  wife  at  Weymouth  and  other 
places,  but  died  after  sixtv  years  in  total  ignorance  of  her 
fate.  It  has,  however,  been  reported  that  she  had  three 
sons  by  her  lover,  since  high  in  the  army  ;  that  she  was 


90 


NOTES  AND  QUEEIES. 


[3"i  S.  XI.  Feb.  2,  '67. 


buried  at  Islington  under  another  name,  and  even  that  she 
is  still  alive.'] 

"  Your  correspondent  enquires  (in  your  magazine  for 
April)  for  some  account  of  the  Fair  Quaker  who  once 
engaged  the  affections  of  Prince  George.  Her  name  was 
not  Wheeler,  but  Haxxah  Lightfoot.  She  lived  with 
her  father  and  mother  at  the^omer  of  St.  James'  Market, 
who  kept  a  shop  there  (I  believe  a  linendraper's).  The 
Prince  had  often  noticed  her  in  his  v,'ay  from  Leicester 
House  to  St.  James',  and  was  struck  with  her  person. 
Miss  Chudleigh,  late  Duchess  of  Kingston,  became  his 
agent. 

"  The  royal  lover's  relations  took  alarm,  and  sent  to 
inquire  out  a  young  man  to  marry  her.  Isaac  Axford 
was  shopman  to  Barton  the  grocer 'ore  Liidgate  Hill,  and 
used  to  chat  -with  her  when  she  came  to  the  shop  to  buy 
groceries. 

"  Perryn  of  Knightsbridge,  it  was  said,  furnished  a 
place  of  meeting  for  the  royal  lover.  Au  agent  of  Miss 
Chudleigh  called  on  Axford,  and  proposed  that  on  his 
marry-ing  Hannah  he  should  have  a  considerable  sum  of 
money. 

"  Hannah  staid  a  short  time  with  her  husband,  when 
she  was  taken  off  in  a  carriage,  and  Isaac  never  saw  her 
more.  Axford  learnt  that  she  was  gone  with  Miss  Chud- 
leigh. Isaac  was  a  poor-hearted  fellow,  or,  by  making  a 
bustle  about  it,  he  might  perhaps  have  seciu-ed  to  himself 
a  good  provision.  He  told  me  when  I  last  saw  him,  that 
he  presented  a  petition  at  St.  James',  which  was  not  at- 
tended to  ;  also  that  he  had  received  some  money  from 
PerrATi's  assignees  on  account  of  his  wife. 

"  Isaac  lived  many  years  as  a  respectable  grocer  at 
Warminster,  his  native' place,  but  retired  from  business 
before  his  death,  which  took  place  about  five  vears  ago, 
in  the  86th  year  of  his  age. 

"  Many  years  after  Hannah  was  taken  awaj',  her  hus- 
band, believing  her  dead,  married  again  to  a  Miss  Bart- 
lett  of  Keevel  (X.  Wilts),  and  by  her  succeeded  to  an 
estate  at  Chevrett  of  about  150?.  a-year.  On  the  report 
reviving,  a  few  years  since,  of  his  first  wife's  being  still 
living,  a  Mr.  Bartlett  (first  cousin  to  Isaac's  second  wife) 
claimed  the  estate  on  the  plea  of  the  invalidity  of  this 
second  marriage. 

"  It  was  said  that  the  late  Marquis  of  Bath,  a  little 
before  his  death,  reported  that  she  was  then  living,  and 
the  same  has  been  asserted  by  other  gentlemen  of  this 
neighbourhood. 

"  Hannah  was  fair  and  pure,  as  far  as  ever  I  heard ;  but 
report  says  '  not  the  purest  of  all  pures '  in  respect  to  the 


house  of  Mr.  Perrj^n,  who  left  her  an  annuit}-  of  40/. 
a-year.  She  was  mdeed  considered  as  one  of  the  beauti- 
ful women  of  her  time,  and  rather  disposed  to  embon- 

Point.  WAR3IIXSTEKIENSIS. 

"  Warminster,  30  April,  1821." 

Monthly  Mag.  Juh-,  1821,  vol.  li.  p.  532. 
This  statement  did  not  appear  satisfactorj-  at 
least  to  one  reader  of  the  magazine,  and  accord- 
ingly Waemixsteriensis  was  in^-ited  to  explain 
the  following  contradictions  in  his  statement ;  but 
no  such  explanation  appears  to  have  been  offered  : — 
c. 

"  You  and  your  readers,  I  feel  no  doubt,  are  particu- 
larly obliged  by  the  communication  of  your  intelligent 
correspondent  Warminsteriensis,  but  as  he  has  not  been 
suflSciently  explicit  upon  some  points,  I  hope  for  mv 
curiositj'  he  will  answer  the  following  questions  :  — 

"1.  Can  your  correspondent  assign  anj-  reason  for  the 
Fair  Quaker  being  sometimes  called  Wheeler  and  some- 
times Zi^rA  (/oof? 


"  2.  What  was  the  motive  that  induced  Miss  Chud- 
leigh to  offer  '  a  considerable  sum  of  money '  to  Isaac 
Axford  to  marry  Hannah  Lightfoot  ? 

"  3.  When  and  where  did  the  marriage  take  place  of 
Hannah  Lightfoot,  a  Quaker,  to  I.  Axford,  and  where  is 
the  evidence  that  she  was  the  same  Quaker  who  lived  at  the 
corner  of  St.  James'  Market,  and  M-as  admired  b}-  Prince 
George  ? 

"  4.  Where  was  she  carried  off  from  in  the  coach  and 
four  ? 

"  5.  Where  and  at  what  time  was  the  law-suit  ? 

"  6.  Did  Mr.  Bartlett  succeed  in  his  suit,  and  if  not, 
ichy  ? 

"  7.  Is  Mr.  Bartlett  living,  and  where  ? 

"  Brextfordiensis. 

"  Brentford,  12  July,  1821." 

Monthly  Mag.  Sept.  1821,  vol.  lii.  p.  109. 

But  in  the  same  number  of  the  magazine  we 
have  the  following  additional  statement :  — 

*»*  Another  correspondent  writes  to  the  fullcwing 
effect:  — 

I>. 

"  Isaac  Axford  never  cohabited  with  her.  She  was 
taken  away  from  the  church  door  the  same  day  they  were 
married,  and  he  never  heard  of  her  afterwards". 

"  MissChudleigh  (the  late  Duchess  of  Kingston)  was  the 
agent  employed  to  get  Isaac  to  marr\^  her,  with  a  promise 
of  a  small  sum  of  money.  Isaac  was  then  a  shopman  to 
Bolton  the  grocer  on  Ludgate  HiU,  and  she  lived  with 
her  father  and  mother  at  the  corner  of  St.  James'  Market, 
and  the  King  frequently  saw  her  at  the  shop  door  as  he 
drove  by  in  going  to  and  from  Parliament,  &c. 

"  A  Mr.  Perryn  of  Knightsbridge  was  a  relation  of  hers, 
and  at  his  deatli  left  her  fortv  pounds  a-year,  which  Isaac 
had. 

"  Axford  presented  a  petition  to  the  King  himself  about 
her  in  the  Park  on  his  knees,  as  directed,  but  obtained  but 
little  redress." 

The  next  account  from  The  Monthly  Magazine 
for  October  deserves  especial  attention,  not  only 
because  it  gives  a  precise  date  and  a  precise 
locality  for  her  marriage,  but  from  its  peculiarity 
of  style,  which  smacks  of  the  florid,  if  not  elegant^ 
St  vie  of  Olivia  Wilmot  Serres :  — 


"  Further  Particidars  of  Hannah  Lightfoot,  the 
Fair  Quaker. 

"  Hannah  Lightfoot,  when  residing  with  her  father  and 
mother,  was  frequently  seen  by  the^King  when  he  drove 
by  going  to  and  from  the  Parliament  House.  She  eloped 
in  1754,  and  was  married  to  Isaac  Axford  at  Keith's 
Chapel,  which  my  father  discovered  about  three  weeks 
after,  and  none  of  her  family  have  seen  her  since,  though 
her  mother  had  a  letter  or  two  from  her,  but  at  last  died 
of  grief.  There  were  muny  fabulous  stories  about  her, 
but  my  aunt  (the  mother  of  H.  Lightfoot)  could  never 
trace  any  to  be  true. 

"  The  above  is  a  copj'  of  a  cousin  of  H.  Lightfoot's 
letter  to  me  on  inquin,'  of  particulars  of  this  mysterious 
affair,  and  who  is  now' living  and  more  likeh'to  know 
the  particulars  than  any  one  else.  The  general  belief  of 
her  friends  was  that  she"  was  taken  into  keeping  by  Prince 
George  directly  after  her  marriage  to  Axford,  but  never 
lived  with  him. 

"  I  have  lately  seen  a  half-pay  cavalry  officer  from 
India,  who  knew  a  ge'ntleman  of  the  name  of  Balton  who 


3'd  S.  XI.  Feb.  2,  '67,] 


NOTES  AND  QUEKIES. 


91 


married  a  daughter  of  this  H.  Lightfoot  b_y  the  King,  but 
•who  is  dead,  leaving  several  accomplished  daughters, 
■who,  -with  the  father,  are  coming  to  England  ;  these 
daughters  are  secluded  from  society  like  nuns,  but  no 
pains  spared  in  their  education  ;  probablj'  on  the  arrival 
of  this  gentleman  more  light  will  be  thrown  upon  the 
subject  than  now  exists.  The  person  who  wrote  the 
above  letter  is  distantly  related  to  me,  and  my  mother 
(deceased  some  years)  was  related  to  H.  Lightfoot  and 
well  knew  her.  I  never  heard  her  say  any  more  than  I 
have  described  alread3\  except  that  she  was  short  of 
stature  and  veiy  prettv.  Ax  Inquirer. 

"  Herts." 

3Ionthly  Mag.  Oct.  1821,  p.  197. 

At  tlie  risk  of  trespassing  somewhat  lieavily  on 
the  patience  of  the  readers  of  "N.  &  Q."  and  its 
limited  space,  I  must  before  I  close  this  branch  of 
my  subject  call  attention  to  a  still  fuller  and 
more  curious  statement  derived  from  the  same 
som-ce :  — 

P. 
"  Further  details  relative  to  the  Fair  Quaker. 

"  The  accounts  published  in  your  magazine  relative  to 
the  Fair  Quaker  protected  hy  the  late  King,  differing  in 
some  respects  from  that  which  I  have  received  from  my 
relatives,  who  were  her  father's  neighbours,  I  here  give 
you  their  account. 

"  St.  James'  Market,  now  pulled  down,  and  absorbed  in 
the  improved  state  of  the  space  between  Pall  Mall  and 
Piccadilly  at  the  end  next  the  HajTnarket,  consisted  be- 
fore its  dilapidation  of  two  parts— a  daily  flesh  market, 
and  an  open  oblong  space,  on  the  east  side  of  the  other, 
called  the  country  market  for  poultiy  and  other  country 
produce.  Mr.  Wheeler's  house  was  the  eastern  corner- 
house,  and  on  the  south  side  of  this  open  part  and  abut- 
ting upon  Market  Lane,  a  narrow  lane  which  ran  out  of 
Pall  Mall  at  the  back  of  the  Opera  House,  the  lower  end 
of  which,  as  far  as  where  Wheeler's  house  stood,  is  now 
covered  over  and  made  into  an  arcade.  I  well  remember 
the  shop,  which  after  the  decease  of  the  old  folks  was  kept 
by  their  son  until  the  recent  destruction.  It  was  a  linen- 
draper's,  and,  as  the  principal  part  of  the  business  lay 
with  the  country  market  people,  the  proprietors  were 
accustomed  to  keep  a  cask  of  good  ale,  a  glass  of  which 
was  always  offered  to  their  customers. 

"At  that  time  the  ravages  of  the  small-pox,  unchecked 
by  innoculation,  left  but  few  women  who  were  not  marked 
by  its  destructive  powers ;  and  the  possessors  of  a  fair  un- 
sullied face  were  followed  by  crowds  of  admirers.  Such 
was  the  case  of  the  Misses  Gunning,  who  paraded  the 
Mall  in  St.  James'  Park,  guarded  by'a  troop  of  admirers 
with  drawn  swords,  to  prevent  the  populace  from  en- 
croaching on  this  hallowed  spot  sacred  to  gentility.  The 
train  of  Miss  W.  as  she  passed  to  and  from  the  meeting 
in  Hemming's  Row,  St.  Martin's  Lane,  was  as  numerous. 

"  Being  before  the  American  War,  the  spirit  of  demo- 
cracy had  not  introduced  its  levelling  principles,  and  the 
roj^al  family,  the  nobility,  and  even  the  gentry,  were  be- 
held with  a  kind  of  awe,  which  rendered  the  "presence  of 
troops  or  constables  necessaiy  for  their  protection.  The 
royal  family  proceeded  to  the  theatres  in  chairs,  preceded 
only  by  a  few  footmen,  and  followed  by  about  a  dozen 
j-eomen.  When  they  went  to  the  Opera  they  entered  at 
the  back  door  in  Market  Lane,  which  was  near  the  coun- 
try market;  and  therefore  to  avoid  the  length  of  that 
narrow  passage,  thej'  passed  up  St.  Alban's  Street,  skirted 
half  the  south  of  the  market,  and  had  then  only  a  few 
paces  to  go  down  the  lane.  On  these  occasions  the  linens 
were  taken  out  of  the  eastern  window,  and  Miss  W.  sat 


in  a  chair  to  see  the  procession.  The  fame  of  her  beauty 
attracted  the  notice  of  the  Prince,  and  there  were  not 
wanting  those  who  were  ready  to  fan  the  flame  and  pro- 
mote the  connection. 

"  One  M and  his  wife  then  lived  in  Pall  Mall ; 

their  house  was  the  resort  of  the  gay  world,  and  the  mas- 
ter and  mistress  were  equally  ready  to  assist  the  designs 
of  the  gamester  or  the  libei'tine,  and  to  conceal  the  gal- 
lantries of  a  fashionable  female.    To  this  man,  familiarly 

known  about  the  court  by  the  name  of  Jack  M ,  the 

taking  away  of  the  Fair  Quaker  was  committed. 

"  Ha\ing  received  his  ordei-s,  he  proceeded  to  a  watch- 
maker's shop  on  the  east  side  of  the  country  market, 
which  commanded  a  good  view  of  Wheeler's  house,  in 
order  to  reconnoitre.  Repeating  his  visits,  under  pretence 
of  repairing  or  regulating  his  watch,  he  discovered  that  a 

female  named  H frequently  went  to  Wheeler's,  and 

was  well  acquainted  with  the  daughter;  and  the  skilful 
intriguer  was  not  long  before  he  discovered  that  this 
woman  was  precisely  fitted  for  his  purpose. 

"  Mrs.  H had  formerly  been  a  servant  at  Wheeler's, 

since  which  she  had  been  in  service  at  one  Betts',  a  glass- 
cutter  in  Cockspur  Street,  a  large  house  facing  Pall  Mall, 
afterwards  occupied  by  Collet,  who  married  his  widow, 
and  before  the  recent"  destruction  divided  into  two  or 
three  tenements — one  a  toolmaker's,  another  a  watch- 
maker's. She  had  then  been  lately  discharged  from  Betts'. 
Instead  of  going  into  another  service,  being  a  handsome 

woman,  one  of  the  apprentices  named  H married  her, 

and  she  was  almost  immediately  afterwards  laid  hold  of 

by  Jack  M ,  and  readily  engaged  in  procuring  the 

Fair  Quaker  for  the  Prince,  which  her  pre%-ious  fami- 
liarity rendered  easy.     As  the    parents  allowed  their 

daughter  to  go  out  with  Mrs.  H ,  interviews  were 

thus  obtained  between  the  parties;  and,  on  the  elope- 
ment, it  was  found  that  her  clothes  and  trinkets  had  been 
clandestinely  removed.  Old  Mrs.  Wheeler  never  recovered 
from  the  shock,  and  it  was  said  she  descended  the  grave 
with  a  broken  heart. 

"A  handsome   reward  was  no  doubt  given  to  Jack 

M ;  and,  on  the  arrival  of  the  Queen,  a  relative  was, 

through  his  interest,  appointed  her  English  teacher,  and 
another  has  gradually  proceeded  since  to  the  bench  of 

bishops.     Mrs.  H was  said  to  have  received  500/.  for 

her  share  in  the  business.  Whatever  might  be  the  sum, 
her  husband  was  by  means  of  it  enabled  to  go  into  part- 
nership with  a  fellow-apprentice,  one   S ,   who  had 

then  just  returned  from  the  East  Indies,  whither  he  had 
been  sent  to  one  of  the  Nabobs  along  with  some  lustres  to 
unpack  and  put  them  up,  and  had  thus  accimiulated  a 
small  sum.  The  one  was  a  parish  apprentice,  the  other 
the  son  of  a  poor  clerg3Tnan.  They  opened  in  opposition 
to  their  former  master  a  shop  at  the  corner  of  Cockspur 
Street  and  Hedge  Lane,  afterwards  called  Whitcomb 
Street,  which  has  also  suffered  dilapidation,  but  the  shop 
has  reappeared  in  splendour. 

"  Such  is  the  history  of  this  elopement,  which  I  received 
from  vay  mother's  relations,  who  had  peculiar  means  of 
knowing  the  facts ;  as  also  from  a  fellow-apprentice  of 

H 's,  one  Stock,  who  afterwards  kept  the  Lion  and 

Lamb  at  Lewisham,  and  whose  wife  (who  afterwards  mar- 
ried a  Mr.  Peter  White  of  that  village)  had  also  been  a 
fellow-servant  of  H 's  wife  while  at  Betts'. 

"  It  was  generally  reported  that  the  Fair  Quaker  was 
kept  at  Lambeth,  or  some  other  village  on  the  south  of 
the  Thames ;  a  notion  which  probably  arose  from  its 
being  most  customaiy  with  the  Prince  to  ride  out  over 
Westminster  Bridge ;  but  I  have  heard  it  said  that  she 
resided  at  Knightsbi'idge,  at  a  farm  which  supplied  the 
royal  family  with  asses'  milk.  The  house  being  retired 
from  the  road,  and  less  than  a  mile  from  the  palaces,  was 
well  adapted  for  the  purpose  of  private  visits. 


92 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[S'-'i  S.  XI.  Feb.  2,  'G7. 


"  It  is  scarcely  -wortli  while  to  notice,  that  those  who 
say  the  King  saw  her  as  he  passed  to  and  from  the  Pai-- 
liament  House  can  have  no  knowledge  of  that  part  of 
London,  and  the  situation  of  her  father's  shop. 

"  Was  not  Mrs.  H 's  maiden  name  Lightfoot  ?  *  This 

might  probably  be  ascertained  by  the  register  of  St.  Mar- 
tin-in-the-Fields.  As  the  Wheelei'S  would  naturally  use 
that  name  in  relating  the  story,  as  being  that  by  which 
thev  could  best  designate  her,  has  not  some  confusion 
arisen  between  the  two  females  concerned  in  the  elope- 
ment ? 

"  T.  G.  H. 

"  ***  Jf^e  shall  be  glad  of  the  anecdote  of  Osborne.  We 
give  ready  insertion  to  the  above,  but  still  rely  on  the  commu- 
nication from  Warminster,  which  describedher  as  Wheeler's 
niece  and  the  wife  of  Axford."— Monthly  Mag.  Julj',  1822, 
vol.  liii.  pp.  517-8. 

This  letter  from  T.  G,  H.  'broiiglLt  a  fiu-ther 
communication  from  W.  H.  of  Warminster,  who 
having,  as  he  says,  begun  the  debate,  claimed  the 
privilege  of  the  last  word.  But  this  and  another 
short  extract  from  the  same  periodical  I  must 
postpone  till  next  week,       William  J.  Thoms. 


HUMAX  SACEIFICES  IN  ORISSA. 

The  famines  and  visitations  of  disease  in  Orissa, 
concerning  which  so  much  has  lately  been  pub- 
lished, are  not  the  only  evils  which  have  afflicted 
the  people  of  that  part  of  India.  Some  years  ago 
it  was  ascertained  that  the  practice  of  sacrificing 
women  and  youths  prevailed  extensively  in  the 
highlands  of  the  Zemindary  of  Goomsur  in  Orissa, 
called  Khondistan.  It  was  my  fortune  to  be  at- 
tached to  a  column  of  the  army  which  in  18.36 
entered  Goomsur  to  suppress  a  rebellion  of  the 
rajah.  This  column  fought  its  way  through  the 
mountains  to  the  country  of  the  Khonds;  and 
while  on  this  service  the  officers  learnt  the  fol- 
lowing particulars  of  the  human  sacrifices,  and 
rescued  several  women  and  girls  intended  for  im- 
molation. The  sacrifices  took  place  annually  at 
the  time  of  seed-sowing.  The  unfortimate  vic- 
tims, who  had  been  purchased  or  kidnapped  from 
neighbouring  districts,  were  on  the  fatal  day  con- 
ducted from  their  place  of  confinement  to  a  post, 
to  which  they  were  bound  with  iron  chains,  cer- 
tain prayers  being  pronounced  at  the  time  by  the 
presiding  priest.  The  agriculturists  of  the  district 
assembled  on  the  spot,  holding  knives ;  at  a  signal 
from  the  priest,  they  rushed  upon  the  captive,  pre- 
viously stripped  naked,  and  cut  the  flesli  from  her 
frame  until  nothing  more  than  the  skeleton  re- 
mained. In  this  horrid  rite  the  Khonds  en- 
deavoured to  prolong  the  life  of  the  sufferer  as 
long  as  possible,  in  order  that  the  flesh  dedicated 

"  *  By  a  communication  in  Monthly  Mag.  for  August, 

1822,  it  appears  Mrs.  H 's  maiden  name  was  Ann 

R  *****  n,   and   that   when  young   she  was  called 

Xancy  R .     Her  mother  was  one  of  the  sisters  of  Mr. 

Samuel  M  *****  n,  a  respectable  Quaker  in  Swallow 
Street." 


to  their  Ceres  might  be  sown  in  the  fields  to  pro- 
pitiate a  fruitful  harvest,  while  it  still  quivered 
with  life.  At  Koladah,  below  the  Ghauts,  there 
was  a  shrine  to  the  goddess  Doorga,  where  many 
iniquitous  and  bloody  scenes  were  enacted  imder 
the  Rajah  of  Goomsur.  The  e&gj  of  the  god- 
dess stood  on  the  margin  of  a  deep  pool,  darkly 
embowered  in  a  thick  jungle  ;  her  form  was  hu- 
man, with  the  exception  of  the  head,  for  which  an 
inverted  skull  was  substituted ;  the  feet  touched 
a  stone  altar,  stained  with  human  blood.  At  this 
place,  it  was  said,  the  rajah  offered  to  the  goddess 
the  lives  of  those  of  his  concubines  he  was  desirous 
to  be  rid  of,  with  ceremonies  too  cruel  to  be  nar- 
rated. At  the  completion,  of  the  rite,  the  bodies 
were  thrown  into  the  pool  for  the  alligators  in- 
habiting it.  The  following  legend  is  supposed  to 
embrace  the  origin  of  the  Meriah,  or  human 
sacrifices  of  the  Khonds :  — Tari  Pennu,  the  earth 
goddess,  spilt  some  drops  of  her  blood  on  the 
muddy  unproductive  earth,  which  then  became 
hard.  She  desired  the  lookers  on  to  observe  the 
beneficial  change,  and  bade  them  cut  her  body  in 
pieces  to  complete  it.  The  Khonds,  thinking  her 
one  of  themselves,  preferred  obtaining  victims  by 
purchase  or  kidnapping  from  other  peoples,  and 
after  the  first  sacrifice  the  knowledge  of  agricul- 
ture dawned  upon  mankind.  Since  the  Goomsur 
war,  through  the  exertions  of  the  Government 
agents,  among  whom  the  most  conspicuous  have 
been  Captain  Macpherson  and  Colonel  J.  Camp- 
bell, this  revolting  practice  has  been  nearlj-,  if 
not  altogether,  suppressed  in  Khondistan  and  the 
adjoining  districts  where  it  prevailed.  "  Sketches 
of  the  Goomsur  Campaigns,  by  Captain  H.  Con- 
greve  of  the  Madras  Artillery,"  in  the  Asiatic 
Joumal,  1842,  may  be  referred  to  for  a  fuller 
accoimt  of  the  Khonds  of  Orissa  and  their  cus- 
toms. See  also  "An  Account  of  the  Eeligion  of 
the  Khonds  of  Orissa,  by  Capt.  S.  C.  Macpher- 
son, Madras  Army,"  in  the  Journal  of  the  Royal 
Asiatic  Society,  1852,  and  Major-GeneralJ.  Camp- 
bell's, C.B.,  Thirteen  Years'  Service  amongst  the 
Wild  Tribes  of  KJiondistan,  1864.  H.  C, 


DE.  THOMAS  FISHER. 

l^From  a  Correspondent.~\ 

A  valuable  contributor  to  "N.  &  Q."  cannot  be 
allowed  to  pass  away  without  a  brief  notice.  Dr. 
Thomas  Fisher,  for  upwards  of  twenty  years  As- 
sistant Librarian  of  Trinity  College,  Dublin,  died 
in  that  city  on  Jan.  17,  1867,  aged  sixty-six;  his 
death  was  sudden,  but  painless,  caused,  as  is  sup- 
posed, by  bronchitis  combined  with  heart  disease. 
A  paper  from  his  pen  appeared  in  the  last  num- 
ber of  "  N.  &  Q."  under  his  usual  signature,  'kXuvs. 
(3""  S.  xi.  59.) 

Dr.  Fisher  was  a  native  of  Limerick,  and  was 
educated "  at  Ballitore   School,  co.   Kildai-e,  the 


3'd  S.  XI.  Feb.  2,  •67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUEKIES. 


93 


estalolishment  at  which  Edmund  Burke  and  other 
eminent  men  received  the  first  elements  of  learn- 
ing. From  his  earliest  years  he  vras  remarkable 
for  his  avidity  in  the  pursuit  of  knowledge.  He 
graduated  in  medicine  at  Edinburgh,  but  soon 
afterwards,  from  conscientious  scruples,  renounced 
that  profession  and  supported  himself  for  a  time 
bv  teaching.  In  1846  he  was  appointed  to  the 
office  in  the  library  of  the  University  of  Dublin, 
which  he  held  to  his  death,  and  which  he  dis- 
charged to  the  entire  satisfaction  of  every  one 
connected  with  that  institution.  His  extensive 
learning,  his  habits  of  accuracy  and  punctuality, 
his  amiable  and  obliging  disposition,  and  the 
readiness  with  which  he  imparted  his  knowledge 
to  every  one  who  consulted  him,  rendered  him  a 
valuable  assistant  to  all  students  in  search  of 
literary  information. 

Dr.  Fisher  was  originally  a  member  of  the  So- 
ciety of  Friends,  but  afterwards  became  a  devoted 
member  of  the  Chiu'ch  of  England,  in  whose 
theology  he  was  deeply  versed.  His  spirit  was 
catholic,  his  piety  unaffected  and  unobtrusive, 
and  his  character  remarkable  for  purity,  simplicity, 
and  kindliness.  Of  him  it  might  have  been  most 
truly  said  that  he  was  without  guile. 

He  has  left  behind  him  no  literarj^  remains  ex- 
cept what  may  be  found  in  the  pages  of  "N.  &  Q.," 
to  which  he  was  a  contributor  from  its  com- 
mencement. There  is,  however,  in  the  hands  of 
his  friends  an  interleaved  copy  of  the  Biogrcqjhie 
ZTniverselle,  which  he  has  enriched  in  his  remark- 
ably neat  handwriting  with  copious  notes,  addi- 
tions, and  corrections,  bibliographical  as  well  as 
biographical.  He  gave  invaluable  assistance  in 
the  preparation  of  the  printed  catalogue  of  the 
Library  of  Dublin  University,  of  which  a  volume 
was  recently  issued  under  the  superintendence  of  Dr. 
Todd ;  and  his  bibliographical  knowledge  enabled 
him  to  render  important  service  to  Mr.  Jones  of 
the  Chetham  Library,  Manchester,  in  that  gen- 
tleman's edition  of  Peck's  Catalogue  of  the  Tracts 
for  and  against  Popery  written  in  the  time  of 
King  James  H. 

[Our  readers  -n-ill  no  doubt  readily  guess  from  what 
learaed  contributor  of  "  N.  &  Q."  we  have  received  this 
kindly  memorial  of  his  "  close  companion  and  friend." — 
Ed.  "  K  &  Q."] 


NoTHiif G  New  ttnder  the  Sttn".  —  Mr.  S.  Bar- 
ing-Gould, in  his  pleasant  book,  3It/ths  of  the 
Middle  Acjes  (pp.  135,  1.36),  refers  to  the  story  of 
the  errant  wife  who,  locked  out  by  her  husband, 
pretends  to  throw  herself  into  the  well ;  by  which 
ruse  she  brings  out  her  obdurate  spouse,  and,  en- 
tering the  house,  locks  him  out  in  her  turn.  This 
story,  Mr.  Gould  says,  he  found  related  in  a  Sus- 
sex newspaper  as  having  really  happened  at  Lewes 
recently. 


Remembering  sundry  places  where  this  story 
occurs,  I  opened,  among  other  books,  The  Seven 
Sages  (Percy  Society,  vol.  xvi.),  and  to  my  sui-prise 
foimd  the  editor,  Mr.  Thomas  Wright,  referring, 
like  iNIr.  Gould,  to  a  recent  version  of  the  same 
tale :  — 

"  It  is  a  singular  proof  of  the  long  duration  of  the  popu- 
larity of  such  stories,  that  vrithin  a  few  days  I  have 
heard  the  same  story  told  in  a  small  country-  town,  as 
having  happened  to  one  of  the  townsmen,"  &c. — Introduc- 
tion, p.  liii. 

The  same  story  (with  differences)  is  to  be  found 
in  Moliere's  George  Dandin  (Act  III.  Scenes  8 
to  11). 

Apropos  of  Moliere.  As  far  back  as  I  can  re- 
member, I  was  accustomed  to  hear  from  two  eye- 
witnesses a  story  how,  in  London  streets,  a  man 
and  his  wife  were  qitarrelling ;  how  the  husband 
struck  the  wife  ;  how  a  passing  stranger  interfered, 
and  how  the  wife  turned  round  and  flew  at  this 
philanthropic  stranger,  saying,  "  He  is  my  hus- 
band, and  he  has  a  right  to  strike  me  if  he  likes  ! " 

Now  this  incident  exactly  occurs  in  Moliere's 
Medecin  Malgre  Lui  (Act  I.  Sc.  2.)  The  scene  is 
too  long  to  quote.  I  give  only  one  sentence  of 
wife  and  husband :  — 

Wife.  '•  Voyez  un  peu  cet  impertinent,  qui  veut  em- 
pecher  les  maris  de  battre  leurs  femmes  !      .     .     . 

Husband.  "  Je  la  veux  battre,  si  je  le  veux ;  et  ne  la 
veux  pas  battre,  si  je  ne  le  veux  pas." 

I  vouch  for  the  truth  of  my  eye-witnesses. 

JoHX  Addis,  Jrx. 

Kustington,  Littlehampton,  Sussex. 

Sir  Smox  Archer.  —  I  have  in  my  possession 
a  copy  of  Dugdale's  History  of  Warxoickshire, 
folio,  1656,  to  the  fly-leaf  of  which  is  pasted  an 
autograph  letter  of  Sir  Simon  Archer,  of  which 
I  send  you  a  copy :  — 
"  Me.  Clarke, — 

"  There  is  one  Mr.  Dugdale,  a  lover  of  Antiquities, 
who  peradventure  you  know  intendeth  to  publish  an  His- 
tory of  Wanjickshire,  whom  both  b}'  my  own  and  my 
friends'  help  1  would  gladly  assist  wherein  I  may ;  if  you 
therefore  have  any  knowledge  in  blazoning  of  Arms  I 
would  desire  your  furtherance  in  these  particulars  follow- 
ing— First,  I  would  entreat  you  to  inform  me  what  arms 
are  in  the  church  windows  about  you  and  the  blazon  of 
them,  and  in  what  windows  or  panes  of  the  windows 
they  are  placed  ;  whether  they  be  in  the  chancel  or  in  the 
church  ;  whether  of  the  eastj  west,  north,  or  south  side 
thereof.  And  likewise  what  monuments  or  gravestones 
are  in  the  churches  or  chancels,  and  what  is  engraven 
upon  them.  And  what  manors  are  in  the  several 
parishes,  and  what  lands  are  therein,  and  who  are  seized 
of  them,  and  what  Court  Barons  or  Court  Leets  are  be- 
longing to  them,  and  what  decayed  townships  are  in 
them,  and  in  what  parishes  they  lie;  who  are  patrons  of 
the  churches,  whether  it  be  a  parsonage  or  a  %-icarage  and 
a  parsonage ;  who  has  the  gift  of  them,  and  what  they  are 
in  the  King's  Books,  and  to  what  saints  the  churches  were 
dedicated.  And  what  else  you  know  by  help  of  your 
own  deeds  or  of  your  own  knowledge  conducing  to  mat- 
ters of  Antiquities  not  hurting  any  man's  right  I  should 


94 


NOTES  AND  QUEEIES. 


[3'd  S.  XI.  Feb.  2,  '67. 


be  glad  to  receive  information  from  you.  I  would  also 
know  your  own  pedigree  and  what  arras  you  bear,  and 
if  you  be  acquainted  with  any  one  in  Knightlow  Hun- 
dred or  thereabouts  skilful  in  Antiquities  or  blazing  of 
arms,  I  would  entreat  you  to  certifie  me  where  he  dwelleth. 
I  should  desire  his  help  also,  for  I  would  not  neglect  any 
means  to  further  such  a  work,  and  therein  you  will  do 
me  very  great  courtesy,  for  which  I  shall  remain  your 
assured  friend, 

"  Sr.  Archer. 
"  Pryory  at  Warwick, 

first  January,  1647." 

S.  L. 

Derivation  of  the  Word  Church.  —  A  sin- 
gular discussion  upon  this  question  lias  been 
going  on  in  The  Guardian.  According  to  some  the 
vrord  is  from  the  Greek  adjective  KvpiaKos,  while 
others  refer  it  to  quite  a  different  origin.  It  is 
curious  that  the  Greek  word  was  not  so  generally 
transferred  as  baptisyn,  bishop,  deacon,  and  so  forth ; 
but  the  fact  that  we  borrowed  so  many  ecclesiasti- 
cal terms  favours  the  inference  that  we  owe  this 
to  the  same  Greek  source.  I  find  that  in  Syriac 
the  term  KvptaKos  is  not  merely  translated  "  temple 
of  God,"  but  is  occasionally  ti-ansferred,  and  might 
be  written  kyriaka.  If  transferred  to  the  Syriac, 
why  not  to  the  Saxon  ?  B.  H.  C. 

Archbishop  Juxoit.  —  The  following  cutting 
from  the  Gloucester  Mercury  of  the  5th  inst.  may 
not  be  unworthy  of  a  corner  in  "  N.  &  Q."  :  — 

"  It  is  not  generally  known  that  in  the  neighbourhood 
of  Moreton-in-the-Marsh,  in  this  county,  Archbishop 
Juxon  is  still  always  spoken  of  as  '  Bishop,'  not  by  his 
superior  title.  The"  reason  is  that  during  the  Long  Re- 
bellion he  lived  at  Chastleton,  near  that  place,  where 
he  kept  up  the  service  of  the  Church  of  England,  and 
enjoyed  a  -inde  popularity  among  both  rich  and  poor. 
The  Bible  given  to  him  by  Charles  I.  is  still  kept  re- 
ligiously as  a  relic  at  Chastleton,  by  Mr.  Whitmore- 
Jones,  to  whose  family  it  came  by  bequest  from  the 
Archbishop's  family." 

S.  R.  T.  Mater,  F.R.S.L. 
ToiLESBURT  Chttrch,    Essex.  —  I  copied  the 
following  inscription  from  the  font  in  this  church  ; 
"Good people  all  pray  take  care 
That  in  y=  Church  you  doe  not  sware 
As  this  man  did." 

I  am  told  this  refers  to  a  man  who,  coming 
into  the  church  and  making  use  of  bad  language, 
was  put  into  the  stocks  and  fined  a  sum  of  money 
with  which  the  font  was  purchased.  This  took 
place  in  the  seventeenth  century. 

There  is  a  tradition  respecting  the  same  church, 
that  "  under  a  stone  in  the  belfry,  which  had  an 
efSgy  of  brass,  lies  one  Martin,  a  beggar,  who  on 
his  death-bed  discovered  two  pots  of  money  which 
he  had  hid,  and  appointed  two  bells  to  be  bought 
with  it,  which  were  accordingly  hung  up." 

John  Piggot,  Jtw. 

Vowel  Changes,  a,  aw. — The  communications 
in  "  N.  &  Q."  on  the  change  of  pronunciation  from 
00  to  o,  induce  me  to  call  the  attention  of  your 


philological  correspondents  to  the  extensive  sub- 
stitution of  the  ah  sound  of  the  first  vowel  for  aiv, 
which  has  afl'ected  many  Indo-European  lan- 
guages. With  this  is  perhaps  connected  the  sub- 
stitutes in  our  own  language  of  a  for  ah. 

The  substitution  of  ah  for  aw  appears,  so  far  as 
I  have  observed,  to  have  been  effected  chiefly 
within  the  last  four  centuries ;  but  in  France  it 
took  place  in  a  great  degree  towards  the  end  of 
the  last  century  and  beginning  of  this,  when  a, 
pas.  Sec.  became  ah,  pah,  &c.  instead  of  ato,  paip, 
&c.  Many  of  the  emigre  generation  pronounced 
in  the  old  fashion  after  "their  return. 

This  substitution  has  taken  place  beyond  the 
Indo-European  range  in  Turkish,  so  far  as  can  be 
judged  by  the  comparison  of  texts  printed  in 
European  characters  two  centuries  ago.  Of  this 
we  have  a  familiar  illustration  in  hashaio  for 
pahshah  (pasha). 

I  have  reason  to  think,  from  the  comparison  of 
words  in  Turkish  and  Persian,  that  the  same  phe- 
nomenon has  affected  the  Arabic  dialects,  and  thus 
entered  the  Semitic  family.  Hyde  Clarke. 

Frottde's  "History  oe  England." — In  the 
tenth  volume  there  is  a  curious  misprint,  very 
likely  to  escape  correction  on  account  of  its  oc- 
curring in  a  foot-note.  At  p.  347  a  copy  of  a 
manifesto  is  given,  with  marginal  notes  by  Cecil, 
one  of  which  is  as  follows :  "  Venenum  assiduum 
sub  labris  ipsorum."  Ob-vdously  the  word  should 
be  aspidum,  the  whole  sentence  being  a  quotation 
from  Psalm  xiv.  verse  5.  Jatdee. 

AssTJHED  Literary  Names  of  American  Au- 
thors. —  I  cut  the  following  from  an  American 
paper  this  morning  for  the  sake  of  incorporating 
it  with  my  own  collection.  It  may  be  better, 
however,  I  think,  to  send  it  to  "  N.  &  Q. :  " 

«  Ik  Marvel— Donald  G.  Mitchell. 
Timothy  Titcomb— Dr.  J.  G.  Holland. 
Edmund  Kirke— J.  R.  Gilmore. 
Gail  Hamilton— Miss  M.  A.  Dodge. 
Christopher  Crowfield — Mrs.  H.  13.  Stowe. 
Florence  Percy — Mrs.  Elizabeth  Akers  Allen. 
Fanny  Fern— ^Mrs.  James  Parton. 
Mary  Clavers — Mrs.  C.  M.  Kirkland. 
Mrs.  Partington— B.  P.  Shillaber. 
Orpheus  C.  Kerr — Robert  H.  Xewell. 
Artemus  Ward— Charles  F.  Brown. 
Mace  Sloper — Charles  G.  Leland. 
.Josh  Billings — Henry  G.  Shaw. 
Doesticks — Mortimer  Thompson. 
Jeemes  Pipes — Stephen  Massett. 
The  Disbanded  Volunteer — Joseph  Barber. 
K.  N.  Pepper — James  M.  Morris. 
Major  Jack  Downing — Seba  Smith. 
Ethan  Spike— Jlatthew  F.  Whittier. 
Petroleum  V.  Xasby— D.  R.  Locke. 
Jennie  June — Mrs.  Jennie  Croly. 
Cousin  May  Carlton — Miss  M.  A.  Earle. 
Kate  Putnam — Miss  Kate  P.  Osgood. 
Lilley  Lovette— Mr.  M.  W.  Torrey. 
Howard  Glvden — Miss  Laura  C.  Readen. 


3'<i  S.  XI.  Feb.  2,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


95 


Cora  May — Mrs.  Jennie  Curtis. 

Helen  Forest  Graves — Miss  Lucy  A.  Kandal]. 

W.  Savage  North— Wm.  S.  Newell. 

Ned  Buntline— E.  Z.  C.  Judson. 

Wattie  Rushton — A.  Watson  Atwood. 

Col.  Walter  D.  Dunlap— Sylvanus  Cobb,  Jr. 

The  Village  Schoolmaster— C.  JI.  Dickinson. 

McArone — George  Arnold. 

Paul  Vane— Frank  W.  Potter. 

Mercutio — William  Winter. 

Charles  Florida— Dr.  J.  B.  F.  Walker. 

Oscar — Willard  O.  Carpenter. 

Carelton— Charles  C.  Coffin. 

Warrington — William  S.  Robinson. 

Straws,  Jr.— Miss  Kate  Field. 

Carl  Benson- Charles  A.  Bristed. 

Marion  Harland- Mrs.  Virginia  Terhune. 

Irenffius — Rev.  Dr.  S.  I.  Prime. 

Mr.  Sparrowgrass — F.  S.  Cozzens. 

Oliver  Optic— Wm.  T.  Adams." 

Boston  Commonwealth,  Dec.  22,  1866. 

K.  P.  D.  E. 

Abb^:. — What  is  it?  I  am  really  curious  to 
know  wliat  is  a  modern  Alhe,  the  claim  on  which 
the  title  is  founded,  and  the  exact  ecclesiastical 
position  it  confers  on  its  holder. 

There  are  Ahhati  in  Italj-,  but  Abhe  is  exclu- 
sively French,  and  nearly  every  French  ecclesi- 
astic one  meets  in  England  calls  himself,  or  is 
called,  Abhe.  The  commonness  of  its  use  reminds 
us  of  the  Captain  of  last  century  as  a  good  travel- 
ling title  of  corresponding  convenience. 

But  if  there  be  spurious  Abbes,  on  which  we 
do  not  venture  to  pronounce,  there  are  genuine 
ones,  as  the  Abbe  Mullois,  one  of  the  Court 
preachers  in  Paris,  author  of  a  work  on  Sacred 
Oratory ;  the  Abbe  Dubois,  who  wrote  on  the 
Hindoos  in  the  early  part  of  this  century;  and 
the  Abbe  Domeneit.  who  was  a  missionary  in 
recent  times  to  Mexico.  The  case  of  these  two 
latter  proves  the  title  not  to  be  a  local  one. 

What  is,  then,  the  exact  value  of  the  title  ? 
Does  it  confer  any  distinction  or  any  emolument  ? 
Is  an  Abhe  more  than  a  parish  priest  ?  Is  he  a 
priest  unattached?  Is  he  necessarily  a  priest  at 
all  ?  for  we  have  certainly  read,  though  perhaps  it 
was  an  abuse,  of  persons  being  called  Abbe,  and 
possessing  certain  endowments  connected  there- 
with, before  they  had  reached  the  age  to  receive 
priestly  orders.  O.  T.  D. 

American-  Poets. — As  the  works  of  American 
authors  are  not  very  accessible  in  this  coimtry, 
perhaps  some  of  your  readers  on  the  other  side 
of  the  Atlantic  would  have  the  kindness  to  answer 
my  queries  regarding  the  books  named  below. 
I  wish  to  know  whether  there  be  any  composi- 
tions in  the  volumes,  written  in  a  dialogue  and 
dramatic  form. 

I.  J.  Newton  Brown — Emihj  and  other  Poems. 
1840, 


2,  Martha  Day  (b.  1813,  died  1833),  daughter 
of  Professor  Day,  of  Yale  College — Literm-y  Re- 
mains, edited  by  Professor  H.  Kiugsley,  date  un- 
certain. 

3.  R.  C.  Sands — Literary  Works,  Prose  and 
Verse,  1834,  New  York.     2  vols.  R.  I. 

Calico  Cloth.  —  The  year  907  is  given  for 
the  foundation  of  the  city  of  Calcutta  in  Hither 
India,  in  Aspiu's  Chronology.  Calicut,  on  the 
Malabar  Coast,  is  evidently  the  place  referred  to. 
Query  :  From  what  source  was  Aspin's  informa- 
tion derived,  and  in  what  year  is  the  cloth  calico 
first  mentioned  ?  Mermaid. 

Cawthoene  Rectjsaxts.  —  In  the  late  Mr. 
Hunter's  History  of  South  Yorkshire,  vol.  ii. 
p.  234,  he  quotes  a  presentation  of  Recusants 
within  the  parish  of  Cawthorne,  co.  York,  of  the 
year  1624,  but  does  not  give  any  reference  to 
where  it  is  to  be  found.  Can  any  one  tell  me  ? 
Edwaed  Peacoce. 

Albeet  Dtjeee's  "KsriGHT,  Death,  and  the 
Devil." — In  an  admirable  paper  on  this  etching 
(Gentleman's 3Iagazine,  October,  1866),  Mr.  Henry 
F.  Holt  strives  to  identify  the  "  KJnight,  Death, 
and  the  Devil,"  with  the  "Nemesis."  His  de- 
scription of  the  engraving  contains  the  following 
paragraph :  — 

"  Every  detail  has  been  well  prepared,  and  a  devilish 
snare  skilfully  laid  behind  the  lizard  bj"^  which  men  and 
beasts  will  alike  be  affected.  Already  the  dog  is  under 
its  influence,  as  the  position  of  his  ears  and  tail  clearly 
indicates.  In  another  moment,  the  descending  hoof  of  the 
horse  will  strike  the  sharp  iron  staple  wherewith  the 
snare  is  fastened  to  the  ground ;  a  violent  plunge  ensues; 
the  careless,  reflective,  but  too  confident  knight  is  sud- 
denly and  forcibly  thrown  to  the  ground,  and  the  di'ead 
judgment  accomplished." — P.  439. 

Now  this  "  devilish  snare  "  of  the  critic  is  not 
clearly  visible  to  ordinary  eyes.  The  horse's  hoof 
is  descending  upon  what  appears  at  first  sight  to 
be  a  tuft  of  rank  wiry  grass.  On  closer  inspection, 
it  is  observable  that  one  blade  of  this  grass  fol- 
lows exactly  the  outline  of  the  descending  horse- 
shoe, at  some  small  distance  beneath  it. 

Has  any  one  ever  suggested  that  this  special 
blade  of  grass  was  at  first  a  false  outline  of  the 
horse-shoe — a  blunder  of  the  etching-needle ;  and 
that  the  tuft  of  grass  was  an  addition,  to  disguise 
the  said  blunder  ?  John  Addis,  Jun. 

Queen  Elizabeth  and  the  Eael  or  Essex. 
Is  there  any  foundation  for  the  tradition  that  the 
Earl  of  Essex's  head  and  Queen  Elizabeth's  heart 
are  buried  in  the  chancel  of  Northwold  chm-ch, 
Norfolk  ?  W.  A.  T.  A. 

The  Epistles  of  the  Apostolic  Fathers.  — 
Which  is  generally  considered  the  best  transla- 
tion of  the  Epistles  of  SS.  Barnabas,  Clement, 
Ignatius,  Polycarp,  and  Diognetus  ?       M.  Y.  L. 


96 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[S^-d  S.  XI.  Feb.  2,  '67 


"  HAilBLETOXIAiN- ■'    AXB    '' DlAilOXD."— About 

half  a  century  ago,  there  was  often  to  be  seen  in 
the  public  rooms  of  inns,  an  engraving  of  a  horse- 
race  between  "  Hambletonian "  and  "Diamond," 
the  former  being  represented  as  winning  by  half 
a  neck.  Does  it  appear  in  the  annals  of  sporting 
or  otherwise,  when  and  where  this  took  place  ? 
and  were  these  horses  celebrated  for  speed  ?  G. 
Edinburgh. 

Historical  Picttjkes  at  Denham  Coukt.  — 
In  Murray's  Handbook  for  Berkshire,  Buckingjiam- 
shire,  and  Oxfordshire,  at  p.  101  is  a  notice  of 
Denham  Court,  near  Uxbridge :  — 

"  Here,"  says  the  compiler,  "  Charles  II.  was  concealed 
in  vaiious  ways  by  Lady  Bowyer,  and  4  curious  panel 
pictures  still  preserved  in  the  house  commemorate  the 
event.  The  1st  represents  him  dressed  as  a  scullion  in 
the  kitchen ;  the  2nd  hidden  among  the  rushes  in  the 
moat ;  the  3rd  the  turkey,  bleeding  at  the  head,  which 
she  hung  over  the  panel  behind  which  he  was  concealed, 
to  keep  off  the  bloodhound  which  was  tracking  him ;  the 
4th  is  a  Sne  portrait  of  Lady  Bowj-er  herself.  The  house 
has  been  much  modernized,  but  retains  its  ancient 
moat." 

To  what  part  of  Charles  II.'s  adventures  does 
this  story  refer?  The  Boscohel  Tracts  show  that 
he,  after  the  battle  of  Worcester,  fled  to  V/hite 
Ladies  and  Boscobel,  houses  on  the  borders  of 
Worcestershire  and  Staffordshire.  Thence  through 
Bristol  to  Trent  House,  near  Yeovil  in  Somerset- 
shire. From  thence  he  tried  to  escape  by  sea 
from  Bridport,  but,  not  succeeding  in  getting 
away,  came  back  to  Trent  House  ;  moved  after  a 
time  to  Hole  House,  between  Salisbury  and  Stone- 
henge ;  and  thence  travelled  across  the  southern 
part  of  Hampshire  and  Sussex  to  Brighthelmstone, 
where  he  met  Captain  Tattersell,  who  took  him 
to  France  in  his  vessel.  He  could  not,  therefore, 
in  his  flight  after  Worcester,  have  been  within 
very  many  miles  of  Denham  House.  Do  these 
paintings  refer  to  adventures  of  his  at  some  other 
time  or  at  some  other  place,  or  do  they  portray 
the  perils  of  some  other  Cavalier  srentleman  in 
hiding  ?  C.  W.  Bakkxet. 

Macakoxic  DESCRIPTIO^'■  OF  A  Feiae.  —  Some 
five-and-thirty  years  ago,  one  of  the  most  pro- 
mising "honourable  members"  of  the  Oxford 
Union  Society,  who,  though  he  has  long  occu- 
pied a  still  more  honourable  position,  has  not 
quite  attained  the  prominence  of  some  of  our  con- 
temporaries, quoted,  or  professed  to  quote,  in  a 
debate  there,  a  macaronic  description  of  a  friar, 
which  commenced,  I  think,  with  the  words  — 
"  Legere  breviarium  taliter  qualiter." 

Can  he,  if  he  chances  to  read  this  query,  or  any 
other  of  your  readers,  direct  me  to  iis  origin  ? 

C.  W.  BlXGHAM. 

Mexjiath. — In  examining  some  court-rolls  of 
a  manor  in  the   Isle  of  Ely,   I  observe  that  a 


copyholder  was  admitted  to  property  of  the  fol- 
lowing description :  — 

"  4  Menmaths,  late  Tetherells,  held  at  the  vearlv  rent 
of  2s." 

Can  any  of  your  readers  inform  me  what  a 
"  menmath  "  is  ?  A  CoifSTAXi  Eeadee. 

MooxwoET. — I  shall  be  greatly  obliged  to  any 
of  your  correspondents  learned  in  folk-lore  who 
would  kindly  inform  me,  through  the  columns  of 
"  N.  &  Q."  of  the  properties  attributed  by  country 
folks  to  the  herb  "Moonwort."  In  what  parts  of 
England  does  it  bear  the  name  Honesty,  and  to 
what  is  the  bearing  of  so  fair  a  name  attributed  ? 
I  have  read  that  this  herb  was  formerly  called  in 
Devonshire  "  L'nshoe  the  horse,"  and  that  it  was 
so  called  because  of  its  power  to  attract  shoes 
from  horses'  feet ;  and  one  great  instance  of  its 
strange  power  is  thus  narrated — that  a  party  of 
horse  having  been  drawn  up  on  the  White  Downs 
(where  this  herb  grows),  thirty  horse-shoes,  some 
being  new,  were  found  the  next  day.  Is  it  still 
believed  in  the  fairest  of  English  counties  that  so 
frail  an  instrument  can  work  so  foully  ?  or  is  the 
story  of  extraction  a  mere  detraction  ?  P.  J. 

OccTJEEEJfCES  TS  EDrN'BrEGH,  1688. — Are  there 
any  diaries,  or  records  of  events,  in  existence 
(published  or  unpublished),  containing  accounts  of 
above,  by  eye-witnesses  or  contemporaries  ? 

F.  M.  S. 
Song. — A  friend  of  mine  possesses  an  exercise- 
book  headed  "  Mathematical  Class,  Glasgow  Uni- 
versity, April  5th,  1790,"  on  which  are  scribbled 
the  following  lines  :  — 

"  When  Adam  was  laid  in  soft  slumber, 

'Twas  then  he  lost  part  of  his  side  ; 

And  when  he  awakened,  with  wonder 

He  beheld  his  most  beautiful  bride. 

"  She  was  not  made  out  of  his  head,  Sir, 

To  rule  and  to  govern  the  man ; 

Nor  was  she  made  out  of  his  feet,  Sir, 

By  man  to  be  trampled  upon." 

Can  any  one  name  the  author  of  these  lines, 
or  complete  the  ballad.  They  apparently  foim 
part  of  a  song,  which  may  have  been  sung  in  the 
Glasgow  Theatre,  and  written  down  from  memory 
by  the  student.  J.  G.  B. 

PiOLL  OF  P^TSICIA^'3.  —  On  consulting  Dr. 
Mimk's  BoU  of  the  CoUer/e  of  Physicians,  which 
professes  to  supply  "  a  complete  Series  of  the  Fel- 
lows, Licentiates,  and  Extra-licentiates  of  the 
College  from  its  foundation  in  10  Hen.  \T[II.,"  I 
am  amazed  to  find  7io  mention  of  six  physicians 
out  of  the  eight  I  looked  for.  The  missing  names 
of  M.D.S  are:  — Dr.  Oliver  Hakluyt,  1590;  Sii- 
Edward  Eadclyft',  physician  to  King  James  I. ;  Dr. 
Eobert  Eade,  1660;  Dr.  Hoogan  of  Lyme  Regis, 
1672 ;  Dr.  Cranmer  of  Kingston,  1716  :  Dr.  Chas. 
Chester,  1737.     It  would  be  interesting  to  know 


3>-d  S,  XI.  Feb.  2,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUEKIES. 


97 


wlietlier  these  omissions  are  due  to  the  imperfec- 
tion of  the  roll  or  of  the  editor.  .  Tewaks. 

TABLE-TrENiNG. — Have  the  spiritualists  noticed 
the  following  extraordinary  reason  which  Jeremy 
Bentham  gives  to  a  lady  of  Lord  Lansdowne's 
family  upon  his  delay  in  sending  her  a  note  ?  — 

"  I  had  scarce  put  the  seal  to  it  when  my  seven  tables, 
together  Avith  your  old  acquaintance  the  harpsichord,  and 
the  chairs  that  make  up  the  society,  set  up  a  kind  of 
saraband,  moving  circularly  round  the  centre  of  the 
room,  but  without  changing  their  relative  positions. 
They  composed  themselves,  however,  after  a  short  dance, 

nor  have  they  had  any  such  vagaries  since What 

was  the  object  of  this  extraordinary,  and  by  me  never- 
before-experienced  interposition,  I  submit  to  your  om- 
niscience." 

Bentham  apparently  wrote  this  from  a  farm- 
house at  Heudon  in  1788  or  1789.  See  Bentham's 
Works,  edited  by  Bowring,  vol.  x.  p.  187. 

Torches. — Can  any  of  your  correspondents  tell 
me  how  torches  were  usually  made  before  the 
introduction  of  lamps  and  gas  in  our  streets  ?  In 
a  recent  torch-light  procession  we  burnt,  in  iron 
sockets,  tow  dipped  in  paraffine  oil ;  but  they  very 
soon  burnt  out.  W.  H.  S. 

Yaxley. 

Old  Valentin  says  —  "  Non  omnes  dormiunt, 
qui  clausos  et  conniventes  habent  oculos."  Can 
you  give  me  any  information  as  to  who  the 
Valentin  is  that  says  this  ?  What  was  his  Chris- 
tian name  ?  An  exact  reference  to  the  quotation 
would  much  oblige  T.  H.  T. 

Whet. — Where  is  this  recommended  as  a  sure 
and  infallible  cure  for  rheumatism  ?  P.  J. 


The  Wooden  Horse. — 

"  Two  soldiers  were  this  day  (Thursdaj%  Dec.  19, 1644,) 
tried  for  running  away  from  their  colours.  The  one  was 
a  trooper,  and  was  sentenced  to  ride  the  wooden  horse  in 
the  Palace  of  Westminster,  and  to  have  two  muskets  tied 
with  match  to  each  leg,  and  there  to  sit  for  the  space  of 
one  hour;  and  the  sentence  against  the  other  was  re- 
spited." 

I  met  with  this  extract  in  the  King's  Pamphlets 
in  the  British  Museum,  E.  xvii.  No.  12,  4to.  I 
shall  be  glad  if  any  of  your  contributors  can  give 
an  account  of  this  military  punishment.  The 
name  of  the  soldier  is  stated.  He  was  a  trooper 
in  Sir  William  Waller's  forces.  G.  F.  T. 

[Eiding  the  wooden  horse  was  a  punishment  formerly 
much  in  use  in  different  military  services.  The  wooden 
horse  was  formed  of  planks  about  eight  or  nine  feet  long, 
nailed  together  so  as  to  form  a  sharp  ridge  or  angle  ;  this 
ridge  represented  the  back  of  the  horse  ;  it  was  supported 
by  four  posts  or  legs,  about  six  or  seven  feet  long,  placed 
on  a  stand  made  moveable  by  trucks  ;  to  complete  the 


resemblance,  a  head  and  tail  were  added.  At  length, 
riding  the  wooden  horse  having  been  found  to  injure  the 
men  materially,  and  sometimes  to  rupture  them,  it  was 
discontinued.  Grose's  Military  Antiquities,  ed.  1801, 
ii.  106,  where  there  is  an  engraving  of  it.] 

Mtjrillo's  Painting. — ''A view  in  the.  moun- 
tains of  the  Tevia  (or  Levia)  Norvice  in  Spain, 
the  ruins  of  a  convent,  in  which  is  introduced  the 
story  of  Daniel  in  the  lion's  den,  by  B.  Murrillio 
(or  -is),"  is  the  description,  and  a  tolerably  correct 
though  an  imperfect  one,  pasted  on  the  back  of  a 
picture  piu'chased  some  time  since  by  a  friend  of 
mine.  Could  any  reader  of  "N.  &  Q."  give  any 
information  as  to  the  painter  or  the  scene  of  the 
picture  ?  I  can  find  no  such  names  as  Levia  or 
Tevia  or  Norvice  in  the  Gazetteer.  E.  M. 

[The  locality  represented  in  the  picture  is  probably 
that  of  Sierra  Morena  (Brown  Mountain  Range),  which 
abuts  against  the  central  table-land  of  Spain  on  the  south, 
rising  above  it,  and  forming  a  natural  boundary  between 
Andalucia  and  the  provinces  of  La  Mancha  and  Estre- 
madui-a.  Most  dictionaries  contain  some  account  of  the 
celebrated  Spanish  painter,  Bartolome  Estevan  Murillo, 
and  a  catalogue  of  his  works  will  be  found  in  Stirling's 
Annals  of  the  Artists  of  Spain,  ed.  1848,  iii.  1413  to 
1448.] 

Evans's  ''Geography," — A  small  Geography 
(an  abridgment)  was  much  used  in  schools  about 
fifty  or  sixty  years  since,  and  it  was  a  most  able 

work,  written  by  a  Ptev.  •  Evans,  M.A.,  of 

some  proprietary  academy  near  London.  Can  any 
of  your  readers  supply  the  name  of  the  author  cor- 
rectly, and  whether  such  a  Geography  is  now  in 
print?  E.  P. 

[The  editor  of  An  Epitotne  of  Geography  (12mo,  1801, 
2nd  edit.  1802)  was  the  Rev.  John  Evans,  LL.D.,  well 
known  as  the  author  of  The  Sketch  of  the  Denominations  oj 
the  Christian  World,  of  which  no  less  than  100,000  copies 
were  circulated  during  his  life.  Mr.  Evans  conducted  a 
seminary  for  the  education  of  youth  at  No.  7,  Pullin's 
Row,  Islington,  and  was  pastor  of  a  congregation  of 
General  Baptists  meeting  in  Worship  Street,  Shoreditch. 
He  died  at  Islington  on  January  25,  1827.  His  Epitome 
of  Geography,  we  are  inclined  to  think,  can  only  now  be 
procured  from  the  second-hand  booksellers.  ] 

A  Query  for  Celts. — I  met  with  an  anecdote 
the  other  day  beginning  thus:  "A  negro  from 
Mountserat  or  Marigalente,  where  the  Hiberno- 
Celtic  is  spoken  by  all  classes."  Is  this  statement 
true,  and  where  is  the  place  ?  I  cannot  find  any 
mention  of  it  in  the  Geog)-apUcal  Dictionary. 

Va  Draighnen. 

[The  place  is  Montserrat,  one  of  the  Leeward  Islands, 
in  the  West  Indies,  where  in  1632  a  colony  of  Irish  set- 
tled, whose  descendants,  and  some  persons  from  other 
countries,  are  its  present  inhabitants ;  but  the  common 
language  is  Irish,  even  amongst  the  negroes.] 


98 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[S'-i  S.  XI.  Feb.  2,  '67. 


Apostle  :  Revolxjxionists  of  Hollajn'd. — Mes. 
Irving  RorGEMOXi  requests  the  favour  of  answers 
to  the  following  questions :  — 

1.  How  man}'  requisites  were  necessary  to  con- 
stitute an  apostle  ? 

2.  "What  were  the  first  revolutionists  of  Holland 
called  ? 

65,  Gloucester  Terrace,  Hyde  Park. 

[1.  The  word  aTrocroAof  signifies  properly  an  ambas- 
sador or  messenger.  The  name  was  applied  primarily  to 
the  twelve  disciples  whom  our  Lord  selected  as  the  first 
preachers  of  his  Gospel.  The  apostles  of  the  circumcision 
were  called  the  Twelve,  according  to  the  number  of  the 
tribes  of  Israel.  Two  requisites  were  required  to  become 
a  member  of  this  college  of  apostles  :  namely,  lawful  cgm- 
mission,  and  a  personal  witness  of  the  whole  ministerial 
course  of  our  Lord  from  the  baptism  of  John  till  the  day 
when  He  was  taken  up  into  heaven.  (Matt,  xxviii.  18-20 ; 
Acts  i.  22.)  The  name,  however,  was  given  also  to  other 
preachers  of  the  Gospel,  who  assisted  the  apostles  pro- 
perlj'  so  called,  in  establishing  or  confirming  churches, 
such  as  St.  Paul,  St.  Barnabas,  Philip,  Titus,  Epaphro- 
ditus,  Androuicus,  and  Junia.  See  Bingham's  Antiqui- 
ties of  the  Christian  Church,  book  ii.  chap.  ii.  sect,  i., 
article  entitled  "  All  Bishops  at  first  called  Apostles." 

2.  Our  correspondent's  second  querj'  has  reference  pro- 
bably to  the  outbreak  in  Holland  in  loG6,  on  the  appoint- 
ment of  Margaret,  Duchess  of  Parma,  as  Governess  of 
the  Netherlands.  The  confederate  nobles  of  Brabant, 
headed  by  the  Baron  of  Brederode,  presented  a  petition 
to  the  Duchess  against  the  introduction  of  the  Inquisi- 
tion, on  which  occasion  one  of  her  council  called  the 
deputies  Gueux,  Beggai's.  At  a  feast  given  the  same 
evening  by  the  Baron  of  Brederode,  where  nearlj'  three 
hundred  guests  were  present,  the  expression  being  re- 
peated, was  eagerly  caught  np,  and  echoed  from  mouth 
to  mouth.  "  It  was  no  shame,"  they  said,  "  to  be  beg- 
gars for  their  country's  good."  "  Live  the  Gueux !  " 
resounded  from  all  sides  of  the  apartment.  Brederode 
appearing  shortly  after,  with  a  wooden  vessel  such  as 
pilgrims  and  mendicant  monks  were  wont  to  carry, 
pledged  the  whole  company  to  the  health  of  the"  Gueux," 
and  the  cup  went  cheerily  round.] 

Skinner    Familt.  —  William   Skimier,    mer- 
chant,   was   alderman^   and    in   1664    mayor,   of  j 
Kingston-upon-Hull.      "Was  he  the   brother    of  | 
Cyriack  {ante,  p.  12),  or  were  the  two  in  any  way  ' 
related  ?     One  of  the  alderman's  descendants  mar-  i 
ried  the  grandson  of  Admiral  Sir  Jeremiah  Smyth.  \ 
Perhaps  K.  P.  D.  E.   (''  Notices  to  Correspon-  ! 
dents,"  ante,  p.  48),  or  some  other  correspondent, 
■will  favour  me  with  direct  information,  for  which 
purpose  I  give  my  address. 

"W.  CONSITl  BorLTER. 

The  Park,  Hull. 

[According  to  the  pedigree  of  the  family,  Cj-riack 
Skinner  had  an  elder  brother  named  William;  but 
whether  he  became  Mayor  of  Kingston-upon-Hull  is  not  , 


certain.  Writing  from  memorj'  {ante,  p.  48)  we  stated 
that  the  pedigree  of  the  Skinners  of  Thornton  was  printed 
in  Joseph  Hunter's  work  on  Milton  ;  -we  find,  however,  it 
is  given  by  Dr.  Sumner  in  the  Preface  to  Milton's  Trea- 
tise of  Christian  Doctrine,  4to,  1825,  p., v.] 

Anecdote  respecting  the  ArTHOEizED  Ver- 
sion OE  THE  Bible. — In   Csesar  Morgan  On  the 
Trinity  of  Plato,  ed.  Holden,  p.  xi.  we  read  that 
one  of  the  translators  of  the  Bible,  on  hearing 
five  reasons  given  for  the  translation  of  a  certain 
j  passage  in  a  particular  way,   different  from  the 
I  rendering  in  the  Authorised  Version,   told   the 
j  fault-finder  that  the  five  reasons  to   which  he 
alluded  had  been  duly  weighed  by  the  transla- 
I  tors,  but  that  thirteen  others,  more"  forcible,  had 
induced  them  to  render  the  passage  as  it  stood  in 
the  then  new  translation.     Is  it  known  (1)  who 
was  the  translator  meant,  (2)  who  the  objector, 
(3)  what  the  passage,  (4)  what  the  reasons  on 
each  side  ?  '     P.  J.  F.  Gantillon, 

[The  anecdote  is  related  by  worthy  Izaak  Walton  in 
his  Life  of  Bishop  Sanderson,  who  has  not  given  us  the 
text  under  discussion.  He  tells  us  that  "  Dr.  Kilbie  was 
a  man  of  so  great  learning  and  wisdom,  and  so  excellent 
a  critic  in  the  Hebrew  tongue,  that  he  was  made  professor 
of  it  in  Oxford  University  ;  and  was  also  so  perfect  a  Gre- 
cian, that  he  was  by  King  James  appointed  to  be  one  of 
the  translators  of  the  Bible ;  and  that  this  Doctor  and 
Mr.  Sanderson  had  frequent  discourses,  and  loved  as 
father  and  son.  The  Doctor  was  to  ride  a  journey  into 
Derbyshire,  and  took  Mr.  Sanderson  to  bear  him  com- 
pany :  and  they  going  together  on  a  Sundav-  -vvith  the 
Doctor's  friend  to  that  parish  church  where  they  then 
were,  found  the  young  preacher  to  have  no  more  discre- 
tion than  to  waste  a  great  part  of  the  hour  allotted  for 
his  sermon  in  exceptions  against  the  late  translation  of 
several  words,  not  expecting  such  a  hearer  as  Dr.  Kilbie, 
and  showed  three  reasons  why  a  particular  word  should 
have  been  otherwise  translated.  When  Evening  Prayer 
was  ended,  the  preacher  was  invited  to  the  Doctor's 
friend's  house,  where  after  some  conference  the  Doctor 
toid  hun  '  He  might  have  preached  more  useful  doctrine, 
and  not  have  filled  his  auditors'  ears  with  needless  ex- 
ceptions against  the  late  Translation  :  and  for  that  word, 
for  which  he  offered  to  that  poor  congregation  three 
reasons  why  it  ought  to  have  been  translated  as  he  said, 
he  and  others  had  considered  aU  of  them,  and  found  thir- 
teen more  considerable  reasons  why  it  was  translated  as 
now  printed  : '  and  told  him,  '  If  his  friend,  then  at- 
tending him,  should  prove  guilty  of  such  indiscretion,  he 
should  forfeit  his  favour.'  To  which  Mr.  Sanderson  said, 
'  He  hoped  he  should  not.'  And  the  preacher  was  so  in- 
genuous as  to  say,  '  He  would  not  justifj-  himself.' "  Dr. 
Kilbie  was  one  of  the  seven  Oxford  divines  appointed  to 
translate  the  four  gi-eater  prophets,  with  the  Lamentations 
and  the  twelve  lesser  prophets.] 

BiBLiOTHECA  PiscATORiA. — In  the  BiograjMa 
Dramatica,  or  Companion  to  the  Playhouse  (edit. 


S'd  S.  XI.  Feb.  2,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


99 


1812,  vol.  i.  Introduction  xiv.  and  p.  353),  I  find 
a  brief  notice  of  one  Jolin  Hoker,  who  in  1535  is 
said  to  have  written  a  piece  entitled  "  Piscator ; 
or  the  FisherCaught,"  but  which  was  not  printed. 
Is  any  reader  of  "  N.  &  Q."  acquainted  with  the 
whereabouts  of  this  MS.,  if  it  still  exists,  or  with 
the  nature  of  the  piece  ? 

Angling-book  collectors  may  feel  interested  in 
the  following  announcement  from  New  York  :  — 

"  Xearly  ready,  A  Bibliographical  Description  of  a 
Waltonian,  or  Fishing  Library.  Edition,  Three  Plundred 
Copies,  of  which  Fift}'  will  be  on  Large  Paper." 

T.  Westwood. 

[Of  Piscator,  or  the  Fisher  Caught,  Warton  (Hist,  of 
English  Poetry,  edit.  1840,  iii.  83),  says,  "  As  Latinity 
seems  to  have  been  the  author's  object,  I  suspect  this 
comedy  to  have  been  in  Latin,  and  to  have  been  acted 
\iY  the  youth  of  his  college."  The  late  president  of  Mag- 
dalen College  (Dr.  Eouth),  of  which  Hoker  was  fellow, 
informed  Dr.  Bliss  that  this  comedy  is  not  existing  among 
the  college  papers.  Wood's  AthencB,  edit.  1813,  i.  138, 
and"2f.  &Q."3'-'iS.  viii.  406.] 


PHILOLOGY  (POETUM). 
(3"J  S.  X.  494.) 
The  authority  for  the  use  of  this  word  is  equal 
to  that  which  can  be  claimed  for  the  more  fre- 
quent and  better-known  Tahacum.  Like  this  latter, 
it  is  a  Latinised  form  of  a  term  which  had  been 
given  to  the  herb  by  the  natives  of  one  of  those 
regions  in  which  it  was  originallj^  found.  De 
Bry,  in  his  Historia  Brasiliana,  1590,  says,  "  This 
plant  is  called  Petiin  by  the  Brasilians ;  "  and 
Cleland,  in  his  scarce  and  valuable  Essay  on  To- 
bacco (4to,  1840),  among  his  "  synonimes  of 
tobacco "  (forty-three  in  number),  has  "  Petum 
(Brazil),"  and  "Petmne  (Bohem.)."  Dr.  Everard, 
in  his  De  Herha  Panacea,  qucmi  alii  Tahacum, 
alii  Pettwi,  aid  Nicotianum  vocant  hrevis  Couunen- 
tariolus  (Ultraject.  1644),  says  — 

"  Hispanis  Petum  et  Tabaco  dicitur,  ab  ejus  nominis 
insula  in  qua  primb  inventa  est,  ubi  magna  copia  crescit, 
unde  et  nomen  sortita  est." — P.  14. 

So  also  in  the  prefatory  "Description  of  To- 
bacco "  (nothing  more  nor  less  than  a  close  trans- 
lation of  the  Tabacologia  of  Joan.  Neander),  which 
forms  half  of  the  little  volume  entitled  — 

"  Panacea  ;  or  the  Universal  Medicine,  being  a  Dis- 
covery of  the  Wonderfull  Vertues  of  Tobacco,  taken  in  a 
Pipe,  with  its  Operation  and  Use  both  in  Phi/sick  and 
Cliyriirgery,  12mo,  London,  1659,"  [we  read  J  "Those  of 
Peru  call  it  Petwi,  so  do  almost  all  the  people  that  live 
towards  the  Antartick  Pole,  or  Picielt  as  Monardus  holds, 
or  Perebecenuc,  as  Oviedus  will  have  it  (yet  this  is  not  the 
proper  name  for  Tobacco,  but  is  ascribed  to  some  other 
Itidiati  Plant  bv  authours,  and  it  differs  from  Tobacco,  as 
it  appears  to  me),"  &c.— P.  2. 

There  is  also  a  treatise  in  the  French  language. 


"  Instricction  sur  VHerhe  Petun,  par  J.  Goheri, 
8vo,  Paris,  1572."  The  French,  indeed,  have 
made  a  push  to  naturalise  the  word.  Scarron 
has  — 

"  Ce  ne  fut  quasi  que  tout  un, 
Fors  quelques  preneurs  de  petun  " 

(Virgile  travesti,  1.  6), 

and  elsewhere  inflects  it  as  a  verb  — 

"  Aujourd'huy  I'aueugle  Fortune 
Est  pour  qui  boit,  pour  qui  petune  ; 
Pour  le  ioueur,  pipeur  fut-il. 
Pour  le  poisson  du  mois  d'Auril,"  &c. 

"  Epistre  Chagrine  a  Monsieur  Rosteau." 
(CEuvres  de  Monsieur  Scarron,  1659). 
We  have  made  no  such  attempt,  so  far  as  I 
know,  to  introduce  the  word  into  our  own  verna- 
cular. By  the  modern  Latin  poets,  however,  it 
has  always  been  in  favour  as  a  convenient  spondee. 
To  the  ancients  of  the  classical  era  we  cannot, 
alas,  refer.  Auacreon  celebrated  the  God  of  Wine 
in  deathless  verse,  but  the  mantle  of  the  Teian  hung 
unused  upon  its  peg  for  some  two  thousand  years 
before  the  long  parturient  womb  of  Time  gave  birth 
to  this 

"  Brother  of  Bacchus,  later  born  "  — 

(as  Charles  Lamb  has  it) — to  seek  in  degenerate 
days  and  a  baser  dialect  for  a  worshipper  and  a 
laureate.  And  did  not  the  young  and  yet  part- 
known  godling  find  one  meet  in  thee  — 

"  Prime  pater  Pceti,  fumantum  gloria,  Thoui. 
Non  fiimum  ex  fulgore,  sed  ex  fumo  dare  lucem 
Cedule        .        .        .        .        .        .        .? " 

in  whose  Ilt/mnus  Tahaci — "  de  Pee  to  seu  Tabaco," 
(Lend.  1628),  we  may  find  the  constant  indift'erent 
use  of  the  two  words.  And  just  for  the  sake  of 
bringing  in  another  compound,  I  may  point  to 
some  elegant  hexameters  addressed  to  this  poet — 
"Juvenilia  llesegmina  in  Poctologiam  Raphael. 
Thorii,"  in  the  Momenta  Demltoria  of  Constantine 
Ilugenius,  Ilacjce  Com.  1655. 

By  the  way,  if  the  Muse  should  suggest  an 
epigram  to  ourselves,  are  we  to  write  "Tabacum" 
or  "  Tabacum  "  ?  The  latter  doubtless,  as  we 
accentuate  the  penultimate  vowel  in  our  Angli- 
cised word,  and  double  the  consonant.  Thorius 
has  it  always  long :  — 

"  Nee  pudent  certa  salvos  h.  morte  fateri 
Coelitus  ostenso  vitam  debere  Tabaco." 

Hyimius  Tahaci. 

Authorities  are,  however,  not  wanting  for  con- 
trary usage  ;  take  the  following  epigram  :  — 
"  Os  patris,  matris  nasum  te  dicit  habere 
Quilibet,  et  matri  par  similisqne  patri. 
Xec  mentitur  in  hoc.    Tabacum  bibit  ille,  bibisque  : 
Nare  trahit  tabacum  hfcc,  tu  quoque  nare  trahis." 

Among  my  Nicotiana  is  a  very  curious  book^ 
entitled  — 

"Eaptus  Ecstaticus  in  Montem  Parnassum,  in  eoque 
visus  Satyrorum  Lusus,  cum  Nasis  tabacophoris,  sive 
Satyricon  Novum  Physico-Medico-Morale  in  modernum 


100 


NOTES  AND  QUEEIES. 


[3'i  S.  XI.  Feb.  2,  'C: 


tabaci  stemntatorii  abusum.     Autore  Joanne  Henrico 
Cohausen,  Hildesio  Saxone.    Amstel.  8vo,  1726." 

I  cite  this  to  enable  me  to  excerpt  from  the 
appendix  or  vocabulary  at  the  end  the  following 
explanations :  — 


"  Pcetum,  est  herbae  tabaci  synoninmm. 
rei  herbarije  scriptores  sic  appellata  hinc  varia  nova  voca- 
bula  deduxit  author. 

"  Pcetopota,  Pcetivendulus.  TJbi  nugi-  et  pcetivetidulus,  qui 
nugas  et  tabacum  habet  venalia, 

"  Poetonasi.  Xasi  poeto  indulgentes ;  vernacula,  Ta- 
backs-neuzen." 

A  great  deal  more  than  enough  has  been  said 
to  satisfy  Sciscitator  as  to  the  authority  for  the 
use  of  the  word  in  question,  and  if  he  has  conde- 
scended to  follow  my  demltoria  thus  far,  he  pro- 
bably regrets  that  he  ever  committed  himself  to 
the  question.  It  is  pleasant,  however,  to  gossip 
on  the  subject,  and  perhaps,  as  he  is  evidently  a 
reader  of  the  poems  of  the  simple-hearted  usher 
of  "Westminster,  he  may  like  to  meet  with  an  epi- 
gram from  a  collection  to  which  Bourne  himself 
was  a  contributor,  especially  as  it  is  headed  with 
the  name  of  another  great  pcetojjhilus :  — 

"  Aldriccius  nobis  nomen  memorabile,  Poeti 
Omnia  qui  novit  commoda,  sic  cecinit. 
Pcetum  mane  \-iget,  marcescit  nocte,  caditque : 
^  Prime  mane  viget  sic  homo,  nocte  cadit. 
Ut  redit  in  cineres  iucensum ;  mortuus  omnis 
Sic  redit  in  cineres,  sitque  quod  ante  fuit." 

Lusus  Westmonasterienses,  ed.  1770,  p.  24. 

Just  as  one  last  instance  of  the  use  of  the  word, 
I  may  point,  as  ample  authority  in  itself,  to  a 
"  Lemma,"  among  the  exquisite  Lenten  exercises 
of  the  Westminster  and  Eton  students  of  Christ 
Church,  known  as  the  Carmina  Quadrigemnalia, 
1723-48.  Here  the  question  is  discussed  "An 
Natura  agat  frusti-a  ?  Negatur."  For  the  lines 
following,  commencing  with  — 

"  Quot  bona  suppeditat  Pcetiun  mortalibus  segris  ?  " 
I  must  not  venture  to  ask  insertion,  and  refer  the 
curious  miso-  or  philo-tobaeist,  as  the  case  may  be, 
to  the  book  itself,  Wiilia3I  Bates. 

Birmmgham. 


RANDOLPH. 
(S'O  S.  X.  438,  458,  499.) 
The  recent  discussion  respecting  the  facts  of 
Thomas  Randolph's  life  prompts  me  to  transcribe 
the  fine  epitaph  which  is  engraved  on  his  tomb  in 
the  church  of  Blather wj-cke,  Xorthamptonshire, 
where  he  died  after  a  hard  drinking-bout  at  the 
hall,  then  the  residence  of  the  Staffords  :  — 

_ "  Memoria;  Sacrum  Thom^  Ra>-dolphi,  inter  pau- 
ciores  felicissimi  atque  facillimi  ingenii  juvenis,  nec- 
non  majora  promittentis,  si  fata  virum  non  invidissent 
sseculo. 

"  Here  sleepe  thirteene  together  in  one  tombe. 
And  all  these  great,  yet  quarrell  not  for  rome. 
The  Muses  and  the  Graces  here  did  meete, 
And  graved  these  letters  on  the  churlish  sheete  : 


Who,  having  wept  their  fountains  diy, 

Through  the  conduit  of  the  eye, 

For  their  Friend  who  here  doth  lye, 

Crept  into  his  grave  and  dyed. 

And  soe  the  riddle  is  untyed. 

For  which  this  Church,"  proud  that  the  Fates   be- 
queath 

Unto  her  ever  honoured  trust 

Soe  much  and  that  soe  precious  dust, 

Hath  twined  her  temples  with  an  Ivy  wreath  : 

"Which  should  have  laurel  been. 

But  that  the  grieved  plant,  to  see  him  dead, 

Took  pet  and  withered. 

"  Cujus  cineres  bre\'i  hac   (qua  potuit)  immortalitate 

donat  Christophoms  Hatton,  Miles  de  Balneo  et  Musarum 

amator,  illius  vero,  quem  deflemus,  supplenda  carrainibus, 

qu£e  marmoris  et  reris  scandalum  mauebunt  perpetuum." 

It  was  not  imreasonably  conjectured  among  the 
local  antiquaries  that  Ben  Jonson  composed  this 
epitaph  on  his  friend  and  boon  companion.  It 
appears,  however,  from  Wood's  Athenw  Oxonienses, 
that  the  verses  were  the  work  of  Randolph's 
friend,  Peter  Hausted  of  Cambridge. 

Knowing  that  some  of  the  readers  of  "  N.  &  Q." 
are  fond  of  such  trifles,  I  submit  to  their  judg- 
ment an  attempt  to  render  the  verses  into  Latin 
hexameters :  — 

"  Tres  simul  atque  decern  nunc  cippus  contegit  unus, 
Illustres  omnes,  sed  nee  nimis  arcta  querentes 
Busta  dari.     Tu  sic  solvas  fenigmata,  si  non 
Certa  loquor  :  nempe  hoc  Muste,  Charitesque  sorores 
Convenere  loco  ;  turn  quas  nunc  cernis  iniqua 
Literulas  urna  sculpserunt ;  atque  ita,  fontes 
Postquam  siccarant,  lacrimarum,  tramite  moUi, 
Deductos  oculis,  capiti  libamina  caro, 
Commune  hoc  una  petierunt  morte  sepulcrum. 
Quocirca  magni  reputans  quod  fata  tulissent 
Tantos  tamque  graves  cineres,  dulcissima  curse 
Et  fidei  monumenta  susb  dum  sfficla  manebunt, 
Xostra  caput  contorta  hedera  circumdedit  cedes  : 
Et  lauro  sane,  virides  nisi  laurii's  (acerbum 
Indignata  viri  casum)  posuisset  honores." 

C.  G.  Peowett. 

Garrick  Club. 


JUNIUS:  Q.  IX  THE  CORXER. 
(3'<*  S.  xi.  36.) 
I  have  great  pleasure  in  responding  to  Me. 
WiXKiys's  appeal  in  your  impression  of  the  12th 
inst.  respecting  Junius,  though  I  am  afraid  that  I 
cannot  give  a  full  answer  to  the  question  asked. 
I  have  examined  the  Treasury  Minute  Books  for 
the  year  1770,  and  find  there  "the  deliberations  of 
their  lordships  upon  the  appointment  of  Surveyors 
of  White  Pines  in  America.  I  have  extracted 
them,  and  your  readers  wiU  find  them  printed  at 
length  at  the  end  of  this  note.  There  seems  to  be 
no  mention  of  a  noble  lord  interfering  to  prevent 
Mrs.  Allanby  being  browbeaten  on  examinatior, 
but  it  is  possible  that  this  may  appear  from  the 
informations  and  examinations  which  these  Minutes 
refer  to  as  being  deposited  among  the  papers  of 
the  Treasury.  I  will  have  a  hunt  for  them  ere 
long;    they' may  tell  us  something  important. 


3'd  S.  XL  Feb.  2,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUEEIES. 


101 


However,  the  accompanying  extract  may  perhaps 
"be  of  service  to  Me.  Wilkins  until  I  can  find 
something  more  to  the  purpose. 

One  thing  with  regard  to  Junius  is  very  strange, 
and  I  hope  and  believe  that  some  day  it  will  be 
explained — how  did  he  get  his  intelligence  of 
Treasury  transactions,  which  he  says,  and  I  think 
truly,  that  he  drew  ''from  first  sources  and  not 
from  the  common  falsities  of  the  day  "  ?  To  ob- 
tain such  information  as  Junius  possessed  could 
only  be  done  by  a  Treasury  employe ;  or,  if  not, 
treachery  was  at  work  somewhere.  Your  corre- 
spondent Mk.  Wilkins,  who  in  a  former  com- 
munication opened  or  suggested  the  best  clue  to 
Junius  which  has  ever  been  thought  of,  may  per- 
haps be  able  to  enlighten  the  readers  of  "  N.  &  Q." 
upon  this  point. 

Junius  will  one  day  tura  up  in  liroprid  pey'sond, 
I  feel  satisfied.  Sources  of  information  are  now 
open  to  us  which  were  unknown  to  former  com- 
mentators on  the  subject;  and,  if  we  work  them 
well,  the  fox  will  be  unearthed,  and  the  readers  of 
"  N.  &  Q."  will  be  in  at  the  death. 

"  Whitehall,  Treasury  Chambers,  6th  June,  1770. 
"  Present : 
"Lord  North,  Mr.  Jenkinson,  Mr.  Dyson, 
Mr.  Townshend. 

"  My  Lords  take  into  consideration  the  appointment  of 
Surveyors  of  White  Pines  in  America. 

"  Eead  the  Report  and  Order  of  Council  in  regard  to 
the  preservation  of  White  Pine  Trees  in  America,  and 
directing  this  Board  to  give  tlie  necessary  orders  for  car- 
rying the  same  into  execution. 

"  Lord  North  informs  my  Lords  that  he  has  been  given 
to  understand  that  some  undue  and  improper  methods  have 
been  made  use  of  in  order  to  procure  appointments  to  these 
offices,  and  that  he  is  of  opinion  that  enquiry  should  be 
made  into  the  matter  before  the  Board  ;  and  he  further 
informs  my  Lords  that  Mr.  Bradshaw  having  heard  that 
his  name  "had  been  mentioned  in  the  informations  re- 
ceived concerning  this  business,  and  that  he  is  desirous 
that  the  enquiry  may  be  entered  into  immediate^,  as  he 
understands  the  person  by  whom  his  name  had  been  so 
mentioned  was  upon  the  point  of  embarking  for  America. 

"  ]\[y  Lords  direct  that  Mrs.  Allanby  and  Mr.  .John 
Patterson,  who  are  ready,  as  their  Lordships  are  made 
acquainted,  to  give  information  touching  this  matter,  be 
desired  to  attend  this  Board  to-morrow  morning. 

"  AVhitehall,  Treasury  Chambers,  7th  June,  1770. 
"Present: 
"  Lord  North,  Mr.  Jenkinson,  Mr.  Dyson, 
Mr.  Townsliend. 

"Mrs.  Allanby  attends  and  is  called  in;  and  being 
acquainted  by  my  Lords  that  they  have  been  given  to 
understand  that  she  complains  tliat  her  husband,  Mr. 
Allanby,  had  been  disappointed  of  the  office  of  one  of  the 
Surveyors  of  the  White  Pines  in  America  by  some  im- 
proper methods  said  to  have  b^en  practised  for  procuring 
appointments  to  such  offices,  and  that  my  Lords  are 
ready  to  hear  anything  .she  mav  have  to  say  on  that  sub- 
ject : 

"  She  informs  my  Lords  of  all  she  knows  or  has  heard 
relative  to  the  matter,  and  is  examined  in  order  to  ex- 
plain some  parts  of  her  information.     ( Vide  her  informa- 


tion and  examination  deposited  among  the  papers  of  this 
Office.) 

"  Mrs.  Allanby  having  informed  my  Lords  that  she 
had  met  Mr.  Pugh  this  morning  on  the"  Parade,  and  that 
upon  telling  him  she  was  going  to  attend  the  Board  upon 
j  this  matter,  he  said  he  Avas  ready  and  willing  to  attend  if 
called  upon,  and  my  Lords  being  made  acquainted  that 
Mr.  Pugh  was  actually  waitmg  in  order  to  be  called  in. 

"  Let  Mr.  Pugh  be  told  that  if  he  thinks  fit  to  attend 
to-morrow  morning,  my  Lords  will  be  ready  to  hear  any- 
thing he  may  have  to  say. 

"  Mr.  John  Patterson  attends  and  is  called  in. 

"  My  Lords  acquaint  him  that  he  is  desired  to  attend 
the  Bo'ard  to  explain  a  transaction  in  which  he  is  said  to 
have  been  concerned  in  making  an  offer  of  money  for  ob- 
taining an  appointment  to  one  of  the  intended  offices  of 
Surveyor  of  the  White  Pines  in  North  America. 

"The  minutes  of  Mrs.  AUanby's  information  are  read 
to  him,  and  he  is  heard  thereupon,  and  relates  to  my 
Lords  all  he  knows  relative  to  the  said  transaction,  an"d 
is  examined  touching  the  same.  ( Vide  his  information 
and  examination  deposited  as  before.) 

"  Whitehall,  Treasury  Chambers,  8th  June,  1770. 

"Present: 

'•  Lord  North,  Mr.  Jenkinson,  Mr.  Dyson, 

Mr,  Townshend. 


"  Mr.  Pugh  attends  and  is  called  in. 

"He  acquaints  my  Lords  that  he  would  be  glad  to 
know  if  any  person  had  reflected  on  him  or  his  character. 

"  Mr.  Patterson's  examination  is  read  to  him,  and  he 
is  heard  thereon  and  withdraws. 

"  Mr.  Pugh  is  called  in  again,  and  being  asked  whether 
he  wished  that  Mr.  Patterson  should  be  called  in  in  order 
to  ask  him  any  questions  before  the  Board,  he  desired 
Mr.  Patterson  might  be  called  in. 

"  Mr.  Patterson  is  called  in  accordingl}',  and  answers 
Mr.  Pugh's  questions. 

"  Mr.  Pugh  and  Mr.  Patterson  withdraw. 

"  Mr.  Bradshaw  acquainted  the  Board  that  he  never 
heard  nor  suspected  that  any  money  had  been  offered  to 
his  sister  till  one  day  last  week,  when  Mr.  Patterson,  in 
consequence  of  being  told  by  Mr.  Cooper  that  Lord  North 
had  been  informed  of  an  improper  transaction,  in  which 
he  was  said  to  be  concerned,  in  order  to  procure  one  of  the 
offices  of  Surveyor  of  White  Pines,  came  to  Mr.  Bradshaw, 
and  gave  him"  an  account  cf  the  whole  affair.  That  he 
immediate^  sent  for  his  sister,  and  upon  his  taxing  her 
with  it,  she  gave  him  a  narrative,  a  letter  from  Mr.  Pat- 
terson to  her,  and  her  answer  to  it,  all  which  he  de- 
livered into  the  Board.  He  also  acquainted  my  Lords  that 
he  obtained  from  Mr.  Patterson  a  note  from  his  sister  to 
Mr.  Pugh,  together  with  a  co^j  of  a  second  letter  from 
Mr.  Patterson  to  her,  and  her  answer  thereto,  which  he 
also  delivered  in. 

"  All  tliese  papers  are  read. 

"  And  with  respect  to  the  allegation  in  the  last  of  them 
that  his  sister  was  not  upon  terms  to  speak  with  liim, 
Mr.  Bradshaw  desired  to  assure  the  Board  that  there 
never  was  the  smallest  difference  between  his  sister  and 
him  ;  for  as  he  was  ignorant  of  the  motives  upon  which 
she  had  recommended  Mr.  Patterson,  he  had  no  reason  to  be 
angry  with  her,  but  had  only  told  her  that  he  would 
never  take  npon  him  to  recommend  any  person  to  the 
Duke  of  Grafton ;  and  that  in  truth  she  has  been  as  often 
at  his  house  within  the  last  twelve  montlis,  as  she  was 
used  to  be  at  any  time  within  these  twelve  years  past. 

"  It  appears  to  my  Lords  that  Mr.  Bradshaw  was  not 
in  any  respect  privy  to  the  negociation  alleged  to  have 
been  carried  on  by  Mr.  Pugh  and  Mr.  Patterson  with  his 


102 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[3»«S.XI.  rEB.2,'67. 


sister  Miss  Bradshaw,  and  that  there  is  no  foundation  for 
any  imputation  upon  Mr.  Bradshaw. 

"  Transmit  the  aforegoing  examinations  to  Mr.  Attorney 
and  Sollicitor-General,  and  desire  their  opinion  whether 
there  appears  to  them  to  be  in  the  said  examinations 
sufficient  matter  for  grounding  any  prosecution  against 
any  person   therein  mentioned;   and   as   Mrs.  Allanby, 
whose  evidence  maj"^  be  necessary  in  case  it  be  thought 
right  to  institute  any  prosecution,  is  on  the  point  of  em- 
barking for  America  with  her  family,  and  waits  in  Eng- 
land on  this  account  only,  my  Lords  desire  their  opinion 
upon  the  question  with  all  convenient  dispatch. 
"  Whitehall,  Treasukt  Chambers,  12th  June,  1770. 
"  Present : 
"  Lord  North,  Mr.  Jenkinson,  Mr,  Dyson, 
Mr.  Townshend. 

"  Eead  the  Report  of  the  Attorney  and  Sollicitor-Gene- 
ral upon  the  examination  of  Mrs.  Allanby,  Mr.  Patterson, 
and  Mr.  Pugh,  in  which  they  give  it  as  their  opinion  that 
no  prosecution  can  be  grounded  upon  the  facts  as  they 
stand,  because,  though  it  be  sufficiently  immoral  to  soUi- 
cit  another  to  commit  a  misdemeanour,  j^et  where  the 
crime  has  not  been  actually  committed,  the  meer  act  of 
soUiciting  it  is  not  a  substantial  offence  in  estimation  of 
law. 

"  The  Board  being  acquainted  that  Mrs.  Allanby  is  de- 
sirous to  hear  the  minutes  of  the  evidence  given  hy  Mr. 
Patterson  and  Mr.  Pugh  on  Friday  last  read  over  to  her, 
in  order  that  if  they  contradict  her  account,  she  might 
have  an  opportunitj'  of  being  confronted  with  them,  and 
that  she  is  attending  for  that  purpose  ;  she  is  called  in. 

"Mr.  Pugli's  and  Mr.  Patterson's  examinations  are 
severally  read  to  her,  and  she  is  heard  thereupon.  (  Vide 
her  observations  and  examination  deposited  as  before.) 

"  Mr.  Pugh,  at  the  desire  of  Mrs.  Allanby,  is  called  in 
and  confronted  with  her. 

"Mr.  Bradshaw  then  asked  him,  whether  he  had  ever 
heard  that  he  was  to  have  received  any  money  ? 

"  Mr.  Pugh  said,  No. 

"  Mr.  Bradshaw  asked  him,  whether  he  had  reason  to 
think  that  he,  Mr.  Bradshaw,  knew  of  his  sister's  being  to 
have  money  ? 

"  Mr.  Pugh  said.  No,  never,  and  he  had  said  so  before. 

"  Mr.  Bradshaw  asked  him,  whether  he  had  reason  to 
think  he  ever  gave  advice,  or  entered  into  a  plan  with 
Mr.  Fitzherbert  for  procuring  Mr.  Patterson  to  be  recom- 
mended to  the  office  ? 

"  He  answered.  None  in  the  world. 

"  Mrs.  Allanby  and  Mr.  Pugh  withdraw." 

W.  H.  Hart,  F.S.A. 

Folkestone  House,  Eoupell  Park,  Streatham,  S. 


I  think  that  I  can  give  the  Franciscans  a  nut 
to_  crack.  Sir  P.  Francis  furnished  Almon  in  1791 
with  the  report  of  a  speech  spoken  by  Lord  Chat- 
ham on  the  motion  on  the  address  delivered  at 
the  opening  of  the  session,  Januavy  9,  1770.  It 
contained  these  words  — 

"  That  the  Americans  had  purchased  their  liberty  at  a 
dear  rate,  since  they  had  quitted  their  native  country, 
and  gone  in  search  of  freedom  to  a  desert." 

Jimius  once  wrote,  "  They  left  their  native  land 
in  search  of  freedom,  and  found  it  in  a  desert." 

It  is  said  that  Sir  P.  Francis  wrote  the  Letters 
of  Junius  because  the  same  expression  occurs  in 
one  of  them  and  in  the  report  of  a  speech  spoken 
by  Lord  Chatham  and  reported  by  Francis. 


If  this  proves  anything,  it  surely"  proves  that 
Chatham,  rather  than  Francis,  was  the  author  of 
the  Letters.  The  Franciscans  are  not  aware  that 
the  expression  occurs  in  the  celebrated  letter  to 
the  king  printed  under  date  December  19,  1769 ; 
twenty-one  days  before  that  it  was  borrowed 
without  acknowledgment  by  Chatham.  Suhlato 
fundamento  tollitur  opus.  The  report  of  this 
speech  was  the  vnepcpepi^^  k'mv  of  the  Franciscan 
superstructure. 

Again,  in  the  same  speech,  Lord  Chatham  is 
represented  as  saying  — 

"  That  on  this  principle  he  had  himself  advised  a  mea- 
sure which  he  knew  was  not  strictly  legal,  but  he  had 
recommended  it  as  a  measure  of  necessity  to  save  a  starv- 
ing people  from  famine,  and  had  submitted  to  the  judg- 
ment of  his  country." 

Junius  is  said  to  have  copied  these  words  when 
he  wrote  in  his  60th  Letter,  October  15,  1771  — 

"  My  Lords,  I  knew  this  proclamation  was  illegal,  but 
I  advised  it  because  it  was  indispensably  necessary  to 
save  the  kingdom  from  famine,  and  I  submit  myself  to 
the  justice  and  mercy  of  my  countr}'." 

On  this  occasion  Junius  reiterated  himself.  He 
had  written  as  "Poplicola  "  on  May  28,  1767  — 

"  Another  gentleman  upon  that  occasion  had  spirit  and 
patriotism  enough  to  declare,  even  in  a  respectable  as- 
sembh^  that  when  he  advised  the  proclamation  he  did  it 
with  the  strongest  conviction  of  its  being  illegal,  but  he 
risked  his  defence  upon  the  unavoidable  necessity  of  the 
case,  and  submitted  himself  to  the  judgment  of  his 
country." 

The  context  shows  that  this  gentleman  was  not 
the  Earl  of  Chatham.  The  undoubted  facts  of  the 
case  are  these : — Junius  published  antecedently, 
upon  two  separate  occasions,  two  distinct  and  un- 
connected paragraphs,  which  Lord  Chatham  sub- 
sequently imported  into  one  speech,  according  to 
the  report  of  it  taken  by  Francis  and  published 
from  his  notes. 

Will  any  Franciscan  explain  to  me  how  the 
fact  of  Francis  having  reported  a  speech  of  Lord 
Chatham's,  in  which  he  borrowed  tv/o  periods 
from  Junius,  proves  that  Francis  wrote  the  two 
letters  from  which  these  periods  were  taken  ? 

John  Wilkins,  B.C.L. 

Cuddington,  Aylesbury. 


PIFFERARI. 
(3''>  S.  X.  474.) 
These  musicians  go  about  the  streets  of  the 
Italian  cities  at  Christmas,  singing  what  we  should 
call  "  Carols."  There  are  always  three,  and  some- 
times more.  One  plays  a  small  sort  of  pipe  with 
a  reed  like  that  of  an  ohoe,  one  a  large  bagpipe  or 
zampogna,  and  the  third  sings.  The  drone  of  the 
bagpipe  is  the  bass.  I  have  before  me  the  most 
popular  of  all  their  songs,  which  I  brought  over 
from  Rome.  It  has  been  written  out  by  the  Ger- 
man composer  Laudsberg,  and  is  in  A  four  flats. 


3'd  S.  XI,  Feb.  2,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUEKIES. 


103 


The  time  is  f ,  and  it  i3  marked  Allegretto,  thougli 
played  mucli  faster  than  would  suit  our  notions 
of  that  time.  The  motion,  however,  strongly 
resembles  those  of  the  alia  Siciliana  of  both  Handel 
and  Corelli ;  but  these  last  are  usually  played  very 
much  slower.  Let  me  only  instance  the  "  Let  me 
wander  "  of  tlie  former  in  L' Allegro  and  II  Ten- 
seroso,  and  the  celebrated  finale  in  G  major  in  the 
violin  solo  of  the  latter.  As  we  all  know,  the 
''  Pastoral  Symphony  "  in  the  Messiah  is  marked 
Larghetto,  and  played  very  slow. 

The    Cantata   clei  Pifferari  which  I   allude  to 
begins  with  a  chord,  and  then  a  short  prelude  of 
the  air  itself.     Then  commences  the   canto,  the 
words  of  which  are  as  follows  :  — 
"  Tu  Vergiue  e  figlia  di  Sant'  Anna, 
Clie  in  ventre  tuo  portasti  il  buon  Gesii ; 
Che  in  ventre,  i'C. 

Eitomello  e  Adagio. 
E  '1  partoristi  sotto  capennella, 
Dove  mangiava  il  bue  e  1'  assinella  ; 
Dove,  &c. 

Eitomello,  &c. 
Gl'  Angeli  chiamvan  Venite  Santi ! 
Nato  h  Gesii  bambino  alia  capanna  ; 
Nato  e,  &c. 

Eitomello,  &c. 
E  San  Giuseppe,  e  Sant'  Anastasia, 
Si  trovarono  al  parte  di  Maria; 
Si  trovarono,  &c. 

Eitomello,  &c. 
Venite  tutti,  quanti  voi  pastori, 
Venite  a  visitar  Nostro  Signore  ; 
Venite,  &c. 

Eitomello,  &c. 
La  Notte  di  Natale  e  tempo  santo 
Al  Padre,  al  Figluolo,  e  Spirto  Santo  ; 
Al  Padre,  &c. 

Eitomello,  &c. 
Quest'  Orazione  clie  abbiam  cantata 
A  Gesii  bambino  e  rappresentata  ; 
A  Gesii,  &c. 

Eitomello,  &c." 
The  Eitomello  is  a  variation  of  the  same  air, 
but  played  in  quick  triplets.  Then  follows  an 
Adagio,  which  is  played  very  slowly,  and  which 
begins  with  two  bars,  in  -J  time.  Then  there  are 
two  in  I  time  ;  one  more  in  ^,  two  in  |,  and  then 
twenty  in  f  time.  The  effect  is  most  quaint  and 
pleasing,  though  a  musical  ear  longs  for  some 
better  bass  than  a  perpetual  droning   dominant 

The  learned  archaeologists  of  Rome  suppose 
these  cantate  to  have  been  the  successors  of  the 
songs  of  the  shepherds  and  hunters  who  used  to 
come  down  into  the  city  of  Rome  to  chant  the 
praises  of  Diana :  — 

"  Qua  Sfepe  solebas 
Stridenti  stipula  miserum  disperdere  carmen." 

Be  this  as  it  may,  the  airs  are  probably  of  the 
remotest  antiquity.  The  words,  however,  cannot 
be  very  early,  as  they  name  Sant'  Anastasia. 
Perhaps  some  other  readers  may  be  enabled  to 
give  farther  information  on  the  subject.       A.  A. 

Poets'  Comer. 


BLOOD  IS  THICKEE  THAN  WATEB. 
(3^1  S.  xi,  34.) 

First  it  is  necessary  to  determine  thes.  right 
meaning  of  a  proverb.  I  do  not  know  how  The 
Times  used  this  in  the  way  of  argumet^t ;  but 
strictly  I  take  it  to  mean  that  blood  relations  are 
closer  and  better  to  a  man  than  the  outer  world. 
It  is  an  old-world  protest  against  modern  cosmo- 
politanism and  universal  benevolence,  that  spreads 
as  far  and  is  as  weak  and  useless  as  the  threads  of 
a  summer  gossamer.  A  brother  is  better  than  a 
sti-auger,  that  is  the  pith  of  it ;  and  you  are  to 
show  him  all  manner  of  aftectionate  and  honest 
preference.  Let  us  try  to  make  the  proverb  fit  this. 
Blood  stands  in  it  for  traceable  and  admitted  con- 
sanguinity— water  for  the  colourless  and  chilled 
fluid  that  flows  through  the  veins  of  the  rest  of 
mankind,  who  are  hojnines  homini  liqn.  The  cold 
interest  they  take  in  the  well-being  of  a  stranger 
causes  the  fluid  coursing  through  their  hearts  to 
appear  to  the  proverb-maker  all  one  with  water. 
Water,  too,  in  our  early  writers,  was  symbolical  of 
looseness,  inattachment,  falsity.  Take  that  pas- 
sage in  ITetiry  VIII.  Act  II.  Sc,  2 :  — 

"  .  .  .  .  for  these  you  make  friends, 
And  give  j-our  hearts  to,  when  they  once  perceive 
The  least  rub  in  your  fortunes,  fall  away 
Like  water  from  ye,  never  found  again 
But  where  they  mean  to  sink  ye." 
"  She  was  false  as  water." — Othello,  Act  V.  Sc.  2. 
"  Unstable  as  water,"  is  the  Scripture  phrase. 
In  Timo7i  of  Athens  it  is  called  "  too  weak  to  be  a 
sinner."  So  much  for  the  meaning  of  "  water." 
As  for  ''  thicker,"  it  signifies  greater  consistency 
and  substance.  Hence  closeness  of  attachment 
and  adhesiveness.  "  As  thick  as  thieves,"  as  close 
as  bad  men  are  when  banding  for  evil  enterprise. 
Blood  is  always  thought  binding.  Conspirators 
have  signed  to  the  bond  with  their  own  blood; 
similarly,  martyrs  their  attestation  of  the  truth. 
It  is  a  stock  phrase  with  historians,  "  He  ce- 
mented the  imion  of  the  two  families  by  marriage 
and  all  the  ties  of  blood  "  ;  and  to  quit  metaphor 
for  a  physical  fact,  the  blood  as  well  as  the  hair 
of  oxen  has  been  used  to  bind  mortar  and  give  it 
greater  consistency  than  mere  water  will,  as  is 
reported  on  the  White  Tower_  of  the  Tower  of 
London.  How  appropriate  then!  How  remote 
from  absitrclity  is  the  deep  old  proverb,  holding 
tight  by  stubborn  fact,  and  yet  true  to  subtlest 
analogy  !  Beware  of  pronouncing  a  proverb  mean- 
ingless ;  corruption  of  the  market,  evil  use,  and 
the  lapse  of  time,  may  have  obscured  it  somewhat, 
but  a  right  reading  will  ever  bring  it  back  to 
reason,  and  perhaps  even  disclose  to  view  a  thing 
full  of  human  pregnancy  and  beautiful  insight. 

C.  A.  W. 

In  this  adage  the  word  thick  is  used  in  the  same 
sense  as  it  is  in  the  phrase  "  a  thick-set  hedge," 


104 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[3^1  S.  XL  Feb.  2,  'G7. 


cZo.se  or  near.  The  meaning  of  the  saying  is  that 
relations  by  blood  or  consanguinity  are  nearer  than 
those  connected  only  by  what  Lord  Stair  styles 
ecclesiastical  affinity,  i.  e.  the  relation  between  god- 
fathers or  godmothers  and  those  for  whom  they 
have  stood  sponsors  in  the  sacrament  of  baptism. 
By  the  canon  law,  inter-marriages  between  per- 
sons standing  in  these  relations  and  in  the  nearer 
degrees  of  their  descendants  were  forbidden  almost 
as  strictly  as  in  those  of  the  former  class. 

George  Verb  Irving, 


"ANECDOTES  OF  CEANBOURNE  CHASE,"  BY 
WILLIAM  CHAFIX,  CLERK.  (2nd  Ed.  Nichols, 
London,  1818.) 

(3"i  S.  X.  494.) 

This  little  volume,  which  Sir  Walter  Scott  in- 
tended to  have  reviewed  in  the  Quarterly,  from 
its  merits  as  the  literary  production  of  a  fox- 
hunting parson  in  the  last  centurj^,  has  happily 
been  again  brought  before  the  public  in  "  N.  &  Q-/' 
supplemented  by  the  Editor  with  a  brief  memoir 
of  the  author.  The  Eev.  William  Chafin,  M.A., 
was  rector  of  Lidlinch,  co.  Dorset,  not  "  Red- 
linch,"  as  he  states,  and  died,  set.  86,  at  Chettle, 
in  1818 ;  a  mansion-house,  or  rather  a  substan- 
tial brick  edifice,  so  unpicturesque  that  even 
George  Robins  failed  to  gild  it  in  his  puft-adver- 
tisement  at  the  sale  of  the  property  after  Chafin's 
decease.  The  best  he  could  say  was,  "in  the 
style  of  Sir  John  Vanbrugh,"  an  architect  for 
whose  grave  this  epitaph  was  said  to  have  been 
composed :  — 

"  Lie  heaw  on  liim,  earth,  for  he 
Laid  many  a  heavj-  load  on  thee." 
On  the  borders  of  the  Chase,  not  far  from 
Chettle,  is  the  mansion  of  the  Sturts,  Critchill, 
occupied  by  the  Prince  Regent  at  the  time  he 
went  over  to  Chafin,  the  magistrate  in  that  dis- 
trict, to  obtain  a  search  warrant  for  stolen  goods. 
Critchill  was  vacant  through  the  absence  of 
Humphrey  Sturt,  like  his  neighbour  Chafin, 
"  mad  after  sport,"  a  modern  Actaeon  that  was 
eaten  up  at  last  by  his  own  dogs,  or,  as  was  said  of 
a  celebrated  Irish  fox-hunter — 

"  Owen  More  has  run  away. 
Owing  more  than  he  can  pay." 
It  was  during  Humphrey's  absence  that  Crit- 
chill was  let  to  the  Prince^Regent  as  a  hunting 
seat  in  th;^  noted  sporting  county  of  Dorset. 
During  his  brief  sojourn  among  us,  there  were 
several  curious  stories  current  about  the  royal 
visitor,  besides  the  remarkable  circumstance  re- 
corded by  Chafin.  But  before  I  touch  on  these,  let 
me  finish  the  local  history  of  the  author  of  Cran- 
horne  Chase.  Chettle  was  not  the  mansion  of  his 
ancestors  till  about  the  year  IGIO.  At  that  date 
the  Chafins  removed  from  Folke,  where  they  had 
previously  settled  in   the   manorhouse   as  land- 


owners in  the  parish,  and  patrons  of  the  rector}', 
and  of  the  rectory  of  Lidlinch,  a  few  miles  further 
on,  in  the  Vale  of  Blackmoor,  The  Rev.  William 
Chafin  was  incumbent  of  Lidlinch,  whilst  the 
Rev.  Robert  Froome,  a  near  connection  of  the 
family,  held  Folke,  and  was  curate  to  Mr.  Chafin, 
who  resided  at  Chettle,  for  the  parish  of  Lidlinch, 
Robert  Froome's  wife  was  Miss  Butler,*  an  old 
Dorsetshire  family,  sister  of  the  noted  hunting 
parson  called  to  this  day  by  fox-hunters  "  Billy 
Butler,"  to  distinguish  him  from  his  brother 
"  Tom  Butler,"  a  clergyman  in  the  Vale,  of  some 
literary  and  scientific  eminence  in  days  when 
Dorsetshire  parsons  were  not  remarkable  for  learn- 
ing. My  knowledge  of  these  and  other  circum- 
stances connected  with  bygone  history  as  to  the 
Vale  of  Blackmoor  is  derived  from  personal  in- 
formation ;  for  I  was  myself,  about  1820,  a  curate 
in  that  district,  and  was  intimately  acquainted 
with  the  principal  families,  lay  or  clerical,  in  every 
part  of  the  Vale,  especially  with  Bob  Froome  and 
Billy  Butler. 

It  was  the  fashion  in  the  beginning  of  this 
century  to  call  everybody  by  the  abbreviation  of 
their  "Christian  name,  particularly  when  there 
happened  to  be  several  brothers  in  a  family. 
Hence  the  Rev.  William  Butler  was  always  called 
"  Billy."  I  am  not  sure  that  he  did  not  get  the 
name  from  the  author  of  Cranhorne  Chase,  with 
whom  he  was  on  the  most  friendly  terms,  from 
congeniality  in  taste,  even  to  "  hunting  rats  on  a 
new  principle."  The  proof  of  my  assertion  would 
be  too  long  a  story  for  "N.  &  Q."  But  I  would 
crave  space  to  show  that  Billy  Butler  had  a 
talent  for  anecdotes  in  conversation,  though  he 
lacked  the  literary  merit  of  William  Chafin,  ac- 
knowledged by  Sir  Walter  Scott  a  story-teller 
par  excellence. 

Among  other  post-prandial  tales  which  Butler 
was  wont  to  narrate  at  the  social  board  of  fox- 
hunting squires,  was  his  first  introduction  to  the 
Prince  Regent,  after  he  came  to  reside  at  Crit- 
chill. Without  pretending  to  catch  the  fluent 
delivery  of  the  jolly  sportsman,  or  to  depict  the 
brilliancy  that  lighted   up  liis   handsome  coun- 

*  Rev.  Robert  Froome,  Rector  of  Folke,  married  Miss 
Butler;  his  sister  Mary,  lve\%  P.  Hawker,  Vicar  of 
Wareham — all  for  many  years  the  most  intimate  friends 
of  me  and  my  family.  Froome  was  Chafin's  curate  at 
Lidlinch  (eight  miles  from  Folke)  for  many  years  till 
Chafin's  death.  The  exact  connection  between  Ciiafin  and 
Froome,  or  the  Butler  family,  I  do  not  remember ;  or 
whether  Chafin  was  ever  married — I  never  heard  of  a 
wife.  Chettle,  at  Chafin's  death,  was  alienated  to  Cham- 
bers the  banker ;  and  through  the  stoppage  of  his  house 
in  London,  the  estate  was  tin-own  into  Chancery  for  many 
years,  and  finally  became  the  property  of  Castleman  of 
Wimborne. 

The  costume  of  Billy  Butler,  both  in  the  hunting-field 
and  at  Court,  is  described  from  ocular  demonstration,  so 
that  it  must  be  a  tolerably  correct  delineation  of  the 
parson  in  either  of  his  two  characters. 


3"J  S.  XI.  Feb.  2,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


105 


tenancef  I  shall  try  to  give  the  substance  of  the 
narrative,  not  less  remarkable  than  Chafiu's  anec- 
dote. As  he  was  returning  leisurely  after  a  blank 
day  (various  covers  in  the  Vale  having  been  drawn 
without  success),  he  was  overtaken  by  a  stranger  of 
aristocratic  bearing,  mounted  on  a  clever  hunter, 
who  pulled  up  and  joined  him  in  his  leisurely  pace 
homeward.  The  two  sportsmen  (prince  and  parson) 
soon  fell  into  the  usual  talk  of  fox-hunters  ;  this 
was  soon  exhausted,  and  then  the  stranger  began 
to  inquire  about  all  the  gentry  and  clergy  resi- 
dent in  that  part  of  the  country — of  their  social 
habits,  of  their  love  of  port  wine  (for  claret  was 
not  again  predominant  in  England  till  the  close  of 
the  Peninsular  War),  and  whether  they  indulged 
in  it  to  any  excess ;  and  then  he  named  a  squire 
living  at  no  great  distance  from  the  road  they 
were  passing  through,  and  asked  whether  the 
rumour  of  his  being  nightly  a  three-bottle  man 
had  any  truth  in  it.  The  gentleman  was  a  hos- 
pitable entertainer  of  Butler,  who  at  once  clenched 
the  truth  of  the  report  by  exclaiming,  "  Three 
bottles,  Sir !  a  mere  nothing ;  I  have  often  seen 
him,  after  a  long  and  successful  run,  indulge  in 
nightly  potations  till  he  was  as  drunk  as  a  prince." 
At  this  point  of  the  conversation  they  reached  the 
road  where  Butler  turned  off  for  the  Vicarage  at 
Sturminster  Newton,  while  the  stranger  bore  away 
to  the  right  for  the  downs  where  Critchill  lies. 
As  he  rode  away,  he  bowed  his  adieu  with  much 
dignity,  adding  that  he  was  not  till  then  aware 
that  a  prince  was  the  «e  2)lus  ultra  in  arte  hibendi. 
It  flashed  upon  Butler's  mind  at  once,  that  the 
stately  stranger  was  the  royal  occupant  lately 
come  to  Critchill ;  and  his  supposition  was  veri- 
fied not  many  days  after,  when  there  was  a  grand 
meet  in  the  Vale,  and  he  saw  the  same  aristo- 
cratic sportsman  in  friendly  converse  with  the 
master  of  the  hounds. 

The  Prince  Regent's  occupation  of  Critchill 
was  of  no  very  long  duration,  nor  during  his  so- 
jom'n  did  he  join  often  in  the  social  circle  of  the 
squires  and  clergy  in  his  neighbourhood.  Butler, 
therefore,  had  no  other  opportunity  of  being 
familiar  with  the  royal  stranger.  Indeed,  the 
next  time  they  met  face  to  face  was  at  Court. 
On  the  death  of  George  III.,  by  the  advice  of  a 
friend,  Billy  Butler  doffed  his  hunting-coat  and 
top-boots,  and  dressed  in  gown  and  cassock,  with 
silt  stockings  and  silver  buckles  in  his  shoes,  was 
presented  at  the  first  levee  of  George  IV.,  and  no 
undignified  ecclesiastic  did  he  appear. 

The  Butler  family,  sons  and  daughters,  were 
manifestly  of  the  Anglo-Saxon  race,  tall  in  stature, 
bright  animated  countenances,  with  fresh  and  fair 
complexions.  When  the  Rev.  William  Butler, 
in  full  clerical  costume,  was  announced  for  intro- 
duction to  his  Majest^y,  George  IV.  scanned  his 
figure  attentively,  and  as  he  passed,  audibly  ex- 
claimed,  ''  I  can  never  forget  the  Rev.  William 


Butler ; "  nor  did  he.  Several  years  after,  a 
valuable  crown  living  in  Dorsetshire  became  va- 
cant, and  the  prime  minister  was  directed  to  send 
the  presentation  to  the  Rev.  WiUiam  Butler  in 
that  county.  In  the  celebrated  lectures  on  the 
four  Georges,  which  at  the  time  created  a  great 
sensation,  such  exaggerated  obloquy  fell  on 
George  W.,  that  I  would  fain  record  one  trait  in  his 
character,  which  I  can  vouch  for  from  my  own 
personal  information,  to  prove  he  was  not  so 
entirely  selfish  as  he  was  painted :  — 

"  How  far  that  little  candle  throws  his  beam.s  ! 
So  shines  a  good  deed  to  a  naughty  world." 

Queen's  Gaedexs. 


Ealikg  Great  School  {^'^  S.  x.  449.)— The 
site  of  this  school  was  purchased  by  the  Conser- 
vative Laud  Society,  and  sold  in  allotments 
several  years  ago.  George  F.  Nicholas,  the  Doc- 
tor's eldest  son,  died  rector  of  Haddiscoe  in  1860. 
Had  W."s  notice  appeared  before  that  time,  I  could 
have  obtained  many  names  from  his  memory  and 
memoranda.  At  this  moment  the  following  names 
occur  to  me : — William  Henry  Ireland,  the  forger 
of  Shakspere  ;  Sir  Robert  Sale,  Charles  luaight, 
Dr.  Newman  and  his  brothers,  Charles  and  Francis 
Newman,  It  was  the  T'otherum*  of  Godfrey 
Thomas  Vigne,  the  ti-aveller  in  Cabul;  of  Dr. 
SelwjTi,  Margaret  Professor:  of  G.  A.  Selwyn, 
Bishop  of  New  Zealand;  of  Charles  Francis 
Adams,  the  present  ]Minister  from  the  United 
States  at  London  ;  and  of  William  Arnold  Brom- 
field,  M.D.,  an  eminent  botanist.  If  Thackeray 
was  there  I  do  not  remember  him,  but  I  was  with 
him  at  th«  Charter  House.  Dr.  Burrows  of  St, 
Bartholomew's  was  there  too,  and  the  Westmacotts, 
Robert,  Richard  (F.R.S.),  and  Horatio. 

Geoege  E.  Feeee. 
Eoydon  Hall,  Diss. 

Walton  and  Cotton's  "Compleat  Angles" 
(3"*  S.  X.  495.) — Jaydee  is,  no  doubt,  correct  in 
the  orthogi'aphy  he  claims  for  the  river  Amber. 
Drayton  corroborates  him  in  the  twenty-sixth 
song  of  his  Pohjolbion,  published  fifty-four  years 
previous  to  Cotton's  work ;  — 

"  Brown  Ecclesborne  comes  in,  then  Amber  from  the  east, 
Of  all  the  Derbian  nj-mphs  of  Darwin  loved  the  best." 
Cotton's  orthography,  however,  may  not  have 
been  altogether  a  misprint.  I  am  unacquainted 
with  the  Derbyshire  dialect,  but  may  not  amber 
be  pronounced  by  the  natives  of  that  county 
Aiomber,  and  by  a  contraction  Aicher?  Any 
Derbyshire  reader  of  ''N.  &  Q."  will  be  able  to 
say  yea  or  nay  to  this.  The  occurrence  of  Archer- 
son  on  the  same  page,  would  seem  to  indicate  an 
intentional  use  of  that  form  of  spelling.  I  pos- 
sess copies  of  every  known  edition  of  Walton  and 


*  A  Carthusian  noun  substantive  signifj-ing  "  my  other 
school." 


106 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[3'd  S.  XI.  Feb.  2,  '67. 


Cotton,  and  find  tlae  only  deviation  from  Atvber 
occurs  in  Moses  Browne's  reprints,  in  whicli  the 
stream  figures  as  ''  Aber." 

T.  Westwood. 

Vox  EwALD  (S"'''  S.  X.  431.)  —  Your  correspon- 
dent lias  transposed  the  initials  of  Ewald's  name, 
which  should  he  ''  H.  G.  A.,"  and  not  "  G.  H.  A." 
The  name  of  this  distinguished  scholar  being 
Henry  George  Augustus  von  Ewald,  it  is  quite 
correct  to  call  him  either  H.  Ewald,  or  H.  G.  A. 
Ewald ;  and  he  is  mentioned  by  both  styles  in  the 
"  Dictioiinaii-e  cles  Contemporains,  par  Vapereau, 
1858,"  where  there  is  an  interesting  notice  of  his 
life.  William  E.  A.  Axon. 

Strangeways. 

ExTKAOKDCfAET   ASSEMBLIES  OF  BiKDS    (3^*  S. 

xi.  10. )  —  S.  P.  will  find,  in  the  last  edition  of 
Lowndes'  Manual,  under  "Battle,"  Wonderful 
Battel  of  Starlmffs  fought  in  the  City  of  Cork,  in 
Ireland,  the  12th  and  lUh  October,  1621  :  London, 
1622,  4to.  This  is  reprinted  in  No.  3  of  Mor- 
gan's PhcEnix  Britannicus.  There  is  a  copy  of  the 
pamphlet  in  the  British  Museum,  under  the  head- 
ing "  Cork."  It  is,  I  think,  mentioned  in  Smith's 
History  of  Cork.  In  Windele's  Guide-book  for 
Cork  (Cork,  1843,  12mo,  p.  8),  the  Battle  of  the 
Stares  is  referred  to  as  having  taken  place  in 
1629,  and  a  writer  named  Thomas  Carue  is  quoted. 
It  will  be  found  also  in  the  Cork  Remembrancers, 
by  Fitzgerald,  Edwards,  and  Tuckey. 

JOHN^  POWEK. 
3,  College  Terrace,  Cambridge  Road, 

Hammersmith,  W. 
[An  article  on  this  marvellous  combat  of  starlings  at 
Cork  appeared  in  "  X.  &  Q.,"  1"  S.  ix.  303  ;  see  also  The 
Court  and  Times  of  James  the  First,  ii.  302.— Ed.] 

Shelley's  "Adonais"  (3'*  S.  xi.  44.) — With 
all  respect  to  J.  W.  AV.,  I  do  not  think  Shelley 
could  possibly  have  alluded  to  Wordsworth  under 
the  title  of  "The  Pilgrim  of  Eternity."  In  the 
first  place,  Wordsworth  had  no  great  appreciation 
of  Keats's  poetry  (it  is  well  known  that  he  termed 
Endymion  "a  pretty  piece  of  Paganism"):  it  is 
not  therefore  likely,  that  Shelley  would  have 
placed  him  amongst  the  "mourners"  for  poor 
Keats  ?  In  the  second  place,  the  whole  descrip- 
tion of  the  "Pilgrim"  is  quite  inapplicable  to 
Wordsworth,  whose  "monument"  is  undoubtedly 
"enduring";  but  no  one  conversant  with  the 
history  of  his  poetry  could  call  it  an  early  one, 
seeing  how  many  years  of  obloquy  and  contempt 
Wordsworth  had  to  endure  before  his  genius  was 
truly  appreciated.  Besides,  how  could  any  one 
apply  such  a  phrase  as  "the  lightnings  of  his 
song  "  to  the  calm  meditative  strains  of  the  high- 
priest  of  Nature  ?  This  phrase  is,  however,  most 
applicable  to  the  fiery  rapid  flow  of  Byron's  verse. 
The  latter  poet  had  a  great  admiration  for  the 
poetry  of  Keats,  as  was  evinced  by  his  somewhat 


exaggerated  criticism  of  Hyperion,  viz.  (hat  "  it 
seemed  actually  inspired  by  the  Titans,  and  was 
as_  sublime  as'  .Eschylus.'"'  His  brother  bard 
might  therefore,  with  great  propriety,  make  him 
a  "mourner"  for  the  deceased  poet. 

As  Severn  attended  his  unhappy  friend  in  his 
last  illness,  and  nursed  him  like  a  brother,  I  think 
.T.  W.  W.  is  very  probably  right  in  his  conjecture 
that  verse  35  refers  to  him  :  for  the  reason  stated 
in  my  last  letter  on  this  subject,  I  thought  it 
likely  that  Leigh  Hunt  or  Chas.  Cowden  Clarke 
was  referred  to.  I  stiU  do  not  think  the  words, 
"taught  the  departed  one,"  so  appropriate  for 
Severn  as  for  C.  C.  Clarke.  The  very  singular 
forecasting  of  Shelley's  own  fate  in  the  last  stanza 
of  Adonais,  which  J.  W.  W.  alludes  to,  was 
pointed  out  by  that  very  thoughtful  and  accom- 
plished critic,  the  late  Henry  Reed,  of  Philadel- 
phia, U.  S.,  in  his  Lectures  on  English  Literature 
from  Chaucer  to  Tennyson  (p.  183,  ed.  1862) ; 
where  he  speaks  of  it  as  "  one  of  the  most  re- 
markable coincidences  to  be  found  in  literature." 
Jonathan  Boxtchiee. 

5,  Selwood  Place,  Brompton,  S.W. 

Passages  in  Camoens  and  Spenser  (S'"*  S.  x. 
66.)  —  I  know  The  Faery  Queen  pretty  well,  but 
do  not  remember  any  such  passage.  That  in 
Camoens  is  — 

"  Nao  erao  senao  premios,  que  reparte 
For  feitos  immortaes  e  soberanos 
O  mundo,  co'  os  barOes,  que  esforco  e  arte 
Divinos  os  fizerao,  sendo  humanos  : 
Que  Jupiter,  Mercuric,  Phebo,  e  Marte, 
Eneas,  e  Quirino,  e  os  dous  Thebanos, 
Ceres,  Pallas,  e  Juno,  com  Diana, 
Todos  forao  de  fraca  came  humana." 

Os  Lusiadas,  canto  ix.  st.  91.     Obias  do  Ca- 
moes.    Lisbon  Occidental,  1720,  p.  264. 
The  above  is  quoted,  with  very  different  spelling, 
in  Blacklocke's  Letters  conceriiing  Mythology.  Lon- 
don, 1748,  p.  231.  H.  B.  C. 
U.  U.  Club. 

"  Deaf  as  a  Beetle  "  (3">  S.  xi.  34.)— Refer- 
ring to  Mr.  Blade's  query,  I  should  say  that  the 
saying,  "As  deaf  as  a  beetle,"  does  not  apply  to 
the  insect  at  all.  In  Suffolk  a  large  wooden  mallet, 
with  a  handle  from  two  to  three  feet  long,  is 
called  a  \beetlc,  and  is  specially  used  for  driving 
wedges  into  wood  for  the  purpose  of  "  riving  "  or 
splitting  it.  "  As  deaf  as  a  beetle  "  no  doubt  re- 
fers to  this  wooden  instrument,  than  which  there 
can  be  nothing  much  deafer. 

"A  beetle  and  wedges"  (generally  coupled)  will 
be  found  in  almost  every  household  in  East 
Suff-olk. 

The  above  use  of  the  word  beetle  is  given  by 
Bailey,  who  likewise  gives  another  form  of  the 
word,"  "bovtle,"  which  is  a  nearer  approach  to  its 
Saxon  origin.  T.  W.  Gissing. 

Wakefield. 


3'd  S.  XI.  Feb.  2,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


107 


Loed-Lietjtenant's  Chaplains  (3"'  S.  xi.  34.) 
There  is  no  limit  to  the  number  of  chaplains  that 
may  be  appointed  by  the  Lord-Lieutenant  of 
Ireland,  and  His  Excellency  alone  is  the  j  udge  of 
their  qualification.  It  is  to  be  presumed  that  he 
will  generally  select  those  whose  opinions  on 
Church  matters  agree  with  those  of  his  own  party, 
but  he  is  not  bound  by  any  restrictions.  The 
privileges  of  the  office  consist  in  preaching  in  the 
Chapel  Royal  once  or  twice  a  year ;  and  as  this 
is  usually  followed  by  an  invitation  to  dinner,  the 
chaplain  has  an  opportunity  of  developing  his 
views  to  the  Viceroy,  and  thus  establishing  a  good 
reputation  or  otherwise  in  the  mind  of  the  dis- 
penser of  ecclesiastical  preferment. 

The  office  of  Dean  of  the  Chapel  Royal  is,  I 
believe,  of  no  very  great  antiquity ;  but  it  seems 
to  have  existed  in  1783,  when  the  Order  of  St. 
Patrick  was  first  instituted.  Dean  Graves,  how- 
ever, will  probably  be  able  to  define  the  exact 
date  of  its  first  appointment.  Sebastian. 

Christmas  Box  (S'-^  S.  x.  470,  502.) —Dr. 
Kelsall's  derivation  of  this  word  from  the  Per- 
sian halishish  during  the  Crusades  is,  I  think,  cor- 
rect. C.  A.  W.  gives  a  different  derivation,  and 
says  that  the  word  is  most  likely  older  than  the 
eleventh  century.  Can  he  quote  any  work  in 
which  it  is  used  in  this  sense  at  an  earlier  period  ? 

Mermaid. 

Buttermilk  (S""*  S.  xi.  20.) — Loitisa's  com- 
munication from  Brussels  on  the  names  of  streets 
suggests  a  different  etymology  for  buttermilk  from 
that  commonly  received, — milk  from  which  the 
butter  is  extracted, — namely,  battre--im\\<.,  milk 
beaten  with  the  churn-staff".    Is  it  so  ?    D.  E.  F. 

Pews  (3'''  S.  xi,  46.)  —  Your  correspondent 
P.  E.  M.'s  dictum,  that  before  the  Reformation 
seats  of  any  kind  were  eexeptional  in  churches,  is  a 
mere  a  ssertion.  Numbers  of  original  open  benches, 
from  the  thirteenth  to  the  sixteenth  century, 
exist  or  did  exist  until  the  present  horrible  van- 
dalism under  the  euphemistic  name  of  Restoration 
set  in.  To  mention  one  case  near  London :  the 
original  old  black  oak  benches  were  only  removed 
from  Heston  Church,  Middlesex ;  which,  alas,  has 
now  been  entirely  destroyed  through  the  obstinacy 
and  ignorance  of  the  authorities,  in  the  beginning 
of  this  century,  and  were  transferred  to  the  west 
gallery.  What  has  been  done  with  them  now,  I 
do  not  know.  There  were  also,  till  quite  lately, 
some  at  Birchington,  near  Margate.  In  the  neigh- 
bourhood of  Oxford  there  are  several.  There  is 
scarcely  a  doubt  that  in  the  English  church  Jixed 
seats  were  the  rule  before  the  Reformation. 
When  the  regular  close  pew  came  into  fashion, 
these  were  not  unfrequently  worked  up  and  trans- 
formed by  addition  of  some  wainscoat  and  doors. 

J.  C.  J. 


Horns  in  German  Heraldry  (3''''  S.  x.  198, 
239,  367.)  —  None  of  your  correspondents  who 
have  written  on  this  rather  puzzling  subject 
appear  to  have  consulted  Rietstap's  Ai-morial 
General,  1861.  In  the  glossary  of  heraldic  terms 
at  the  beginning  of  the  volume  he  says,  under  the 
word  "  Proboscides"  :  — 

"  Trompes  d'e'le'phant.  Lea  Allemands portent  fieqnem- 
ment  en  cimier  des  cornes  de  buffle,  qu'on  re])re'sente 
communement,  quoiqu'a  tort,  sous  la  forme  de  probos- 
cides. Pour  cette  raison  nous  avons  conserve  cette 
de'signation  dans  la  description  des  armoiries,  II  est 
bien  entendu  toutefois  que  ces  pretendues  proboscides  ont 
la  signification  reelle  des  cornes." 

Mr.  Bone  (p.  367)  cites  the  crest  of  Zolrayer 
as  being  a  bird,  "standing  on  a  pair  of  horns 
extremely  like  elephants'  trunks."  Rietstap  thus 
describes  the  crest  of  this  family:  "La  cicogne 
entre  deux  proboscides  de  gueules." 

Most  of  the  illustrations  occurring  in  heraldic 
works  are  too  small  to  enable  one  accurately  to 
determine  the  real  construction  of  these  so-called 
"horns;"  but  a  woodcut  now  before  me,  repre- 
senting a  coat  of  arms  surmounted  by  two  horned 
crests,  is  drawn  on  so  large  a  scale  (eight  inches, 
high),  that  the  details  can  be  plainly  made  out. 
The  arms  are  those  of  the  Elector  of  Saxony,  and 
cover  the  second  page  of  one  of  the  queerest  old 
books  I  know.  It  is  an  extremely  rare  work  on 
diseases  of  the  eyes,  by  Bartisch  (folio,  Dresden, 
1583),  entitled  "  O4>0A  AMOAOTAEIA,  das  ist  Au- 
ffendienst,"  &c.  I  say  thus  entitled,  but  the  actual 
title  extends  over  a  whole  closely-printed  page. 
The  "  horns,"  which  curve  upwards  on  each  side 
of  the  helm,  have  the  lyre-like  arrangement 
noticed  by  F.  C.  H.  Each  ends  not  in  a  point, 
like  the  natural  horns  of  an  animal,  but  in  a  cup- 
shaped  expansion,  with  a  double  rim,  like  the 
mouth-piece  of  a  trumpet.  In  one  of  the  crests, 
surmounted  b}'  a  pyramid,  charged  with  the  arms 
of  Saxony,  and  terminating  in  a  peacock's  tail, 
the  staves  of  little  flags  are  inserted  into  the 
expanded  apertures  of  the  horns.  Are  these  horns' 
met  with  only  in  heraldic  representations  ?  or  are 
they  found  attached  to  any  helmets  in  the  rich 
collection  of  old  German  armour  in  the  Zwinger 
Palace  at  Dresden,  or  the  Ambras  collection  at 
Vienna  ?  If  found  there,  the  real  import  of  these 
strange-looking  appendages  could  probably  be 
determined,  J.  Dixon, 

P.S.  Mr.  Davidson's  paper  {3'^  S.  x.  520)  con- 
tains a  remark  I  do  not  understand.  He  says  it 
appears  that  the  "  horns  "  he  describes  "  are  dif- 
ferently represented,  according  as  they  are  borne 
on  a  shield  or  on  a  helm ;"  but  his  German  quo- 
tation says  just  the  reverse — that  both  forms  are 
similar  (desyleichen). 

Early  English  Barracks  :  "  Dog  Lodgings  " 
(S^'i  S.  X.  492.) — May  not  the  latter  expression  be 


108 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[S'l  S.  XL  I  ZB.  2,  '67. 


one  of  contempt  at  the  way  our  soldiers  were 
accommodated  in  barracks  at  the  period  named  ? 
They  were  very  hadly  lodged  so  late  as  the  latter 
part  of  the  last  century.  An  old  officer,  who  ac- 
companied me  on  a  visit  of  inspection  through 
certain  rooms  in  the  Royal  Barracks,  Dublin, 
about  twenty  years  ago,  on  my  saying  that  six- 
teen beds  were  too  many  for  a  certain  room, 
replied :  ''  In  1798  I  was  quartered  here,  and  this 
room  bedded  nearly  one  hundred  men." 

It  appears  the  walls  were  lined  with  tiers  of 
beds  from  floor  to  ceiling,  like  berths  in  a  ship, 
and  certainly  they  must  have  been  lodgings  only 
fit  for  dogs.  Our  pet  criminals,  in  1867,  are 
ordered  1000  cubic  feet  of  air  each  ! 

George  Llotd. 

Darlington. 

ATJTOGRAPns  IX  Books  (5^^  S.  x,  505.)  —  Your 
correspondent's  note  on  Poems  on  Several  Occa- 
sions, \)y  a  Lady,  Edinburgh,  1797,  has  caused  me 
to  remember  and  search  for  a  memorandum  of 
mine  to  the  following  effect : — 

"  In  a  copy  of  Potter's  iEschylus— *  To  Lady  Charlotte 
Campbell  as  a  token  of  the  respect  of 

1813.  H.  E.'  " 

The  letters  "  H.  E."  were  joined  together  diph- 
thongr-wise.  W.  C.  B. 


;ffilt^ctlTanrou)j. 

XOTES  OX  BOOKS,  ETC. 
The  Correspondence  of  King  George  the  Tliird  with  Lord 
North,  from  1768  to  1783.  Edited  from  the  Originals 
at  Windsor,  with  an  Introduction  and  Notes.  By  W. 
Bodham  Donne.  In  Two  Volumes.  Published  by  Per- 
mission of  the  Queen.     (Murray.) 

History  is  gradually  doing  justice  to  one  who  was  for 
many  years  the  best  abused  man  in  the  three  kingdoms- 
George  the  Third.  The  readers  of  Lord  Stanhope  (ila- 
hon's)  History  of  England  will  remember  how  much  addi- 
tional interest  and  value  were  lent  to  that  work  by  the 
extracts  from  George  the  Third's  Letters  to  Lord  Xorth, 
which  the  noble  historian  had  the  advantage  of  intro- 
ducing. They  will,  therefore,  readily  believe  that  the 
present  volumes,  which  contain  accurate  copies  of  the 
King's  Correspondence  with  his  most  trusted  and  favoured 
Jlinister  during  a  most  eventful  crisis,  must  be  of  the 
highest  importance,  not  only  as  illustrating  the  eventful 
history  of  tlie  period,  but  the  personal  character  of  the 
Sovereign.  Mr.  Donne,  who  has  edited  these  Letters  Avith 
great  care  and  great  ability,  prefacing  them  by  an  ad- 
mirable Introduction,  and  accompanying  them  by  most 
useful  explanatorj'  notes,  takes  a  somewhat  loweV  view 
of  the  King's  epistolarj^  style  than  that  entertained  \>y 
Lord  Stanhope,  who  characterises  them,  we  think  justly, 
as  "  earnest,  plain,  and  to  the  point."  But  Mr.  Donue 
seems  to  us,  in  forming  his  judgment,  not  to  have  suf- 
ficiently borne  in  mind  the  fact  Vv'hich  he  has  so  fairly 
stated,  that  they  were,  "  with  very  rare  exceptions, 
written  in  haste,  and  sometimes  -with  impetuosity." 
Language  may  have  been  gi\'en  to  men  generaUj-  to 
conceal  their  'thoughts  ;  but  George  the  Third  did  not 
avail  himself  of  the  gift ;  and  the  result  is,  we  believe, 


that  these  two  volumes  of  his  Letters,  among  the  most 
important  contributions  to  the  histors-  of  the  times  which 
have  yet  been  given  to  the  world,  will  have  the  effect  of 
elevating  very  considerably  the  public  estimate  of  the 
memory  and  character  of  George  the  Third. 

Books  keceived. — 
Beautiful    Thoughts  from   French   and  Italian   Authors, 
with  English  Translations,  Lives  of  the  Authors,  &fc.  By 
Craufurd  T.  Eamage,  LL.D.     (Howell,  Liverpool.) 
An  admirable  companion  to  the  author's  well-selected 
volume  of  Beautiful  Thoughts  from  Latin  Authors. 
The  First  Latin  Parsing  Book.  By  John  T.  White,  D.D., 

&c.     (Longmans.) 
Bradlefs   Cornelius  Nepos,  with   Grammatical  Notes,  Src- 

By  John  T.  White,  D.D.,  &c.     (Longmans.) 
Bradley's  Eutropius,  with    Grammatical  Notes,  §r.      By 

John  T.  White,  D.D.,  &c.     (Longmans.) 
Bradley's    Select  Fables  of  Phcedrus.  with    Grammatical 
Notes,  Sfc.     By  John  T.  White,  D.D.,  &c.     (Long- 
mans.) 

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was  incomplete  without  supplementary  rudimental  books. 
These  are  here  usefully  supplied. 

The  Parsing  Book  has  for  its  object  the  gradual  teach- 
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while  in  these  new  editions  of  Plicedrus,  Eutropius,  and 
Cornelius  Nepos,  Dr.  White  has  altogether  remodelled  the 
notes  and  adapted  their  grammatical  portion  to  the  same. 


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NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[3'd  S.  XL  Feb.  9,  '67. 


PAPER  AND   ENVELOPES. 

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Three  dozen,  railway  carriage  paid,  to  all  England  and  Wales. 
W.  D.  WATSON,  Wine  Itaporter,  72  and  73,  Great  Russell  Street, 
corner  of  Bloomsbury  Square,  Loudon,  W.C. 
Established  1841.   Full  Price  Lists  post  free  on  appUeation. 

36s.       UTARD'S   P.A.IiE   SHERRT        36s. 

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CHARLES   WARD   and  SON, 
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MAYFAIR,  W.,  LONDON. 

36s.        IVARD'S  PAIiE  SKERRY       36s. 


HEDGES    &    BUTLER,  Wine   Merchants,    &c., 
recommend  and  GUARANTEE  the  following  WINES  :- 
SHERRY. 
Good  Dinner  Wine,  24s.,  30s.,  36s.  per  dozen  ;  fine  pale,  golden,  and 
Brown  Sherry,  42s.,  48s.,  54s.,  60s.;  Amontillado,  for  invalids,  60s. 
CHAMPAGNE. 
Sparkling,  36s.,  42s.;  splendid  Epernay,  48s.,  60s.;  pale   and  brown 
Sillery,  663.,  788.;  Veuve  Clicquot  6,  Perrier  and  Joaet's,  Moet  and 
Chandon's,  &c. 

PORT. 
For  ordinary  use,  24s.,  30s.,  36s.,  4:'s.;  fine  old  "  Beeswing,"  48«. 
608.:  choice  Port  of  the  famed  vintages  1847,  1840,  1834,  1820,  at  72s.  to 
1208. 

CLARET. 
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Leoville,  48s.;  Latour,54s.;  Margaux,60s.,72s.;  Lafitte,  72s.,84s.,96s. 
BURGUNDY. 
Maconand  Beaune, 30s., 36s., 42s.;  St.  George,  42s.;  Chambertin,  60s. , 
723.;  CateRatie,60s.,72s.,  84s.;  Cortoa,  Nuits,  RomaniJe,  Clos-de-Vou- 
gedt.&c;  Chablis,  24s.,308.,36s.,42s.,48s.;Montrachet  and  St.Peray; 
sparkling  Burgundy,  &c. 

HOCK. 
Light  Dinner  Hock,  24s., 30s.;  Nierstein,  36s.,  42s.;  Hochheimer,  48s. 
60«.,72s.;Liebfraumilch,60s.,72s.;  JohannesbergerandSteinberger,72s. 
848. to  120s. 

MOSELLE. 
Still  Moselle, 24s., 30s.;  Zeltinger,  36s.,  42s.;  Brauneberger,48s.,  60s.; 
Muscatel,  60s., 72s.;  Scharzberg,  72s.,  84s.;  sparkling  Moselle,  48s., 608.. 
668.,  788. 

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NOTES    AND    QUERIES. 


Volume  irintb,  Tbird   Series. 


Eugrlish,  Irisb,  and  Scotch  History. 


positions  for  remodelling  Chancery  —  Meeting  of  Wellington  and 
Blucher  —  Epitaph  in  Christchurch  Cathedral,  Dublin  _  Scottish 
Chartularies— Disinterment  of  Buonaparte's  Remains. 

Biograpby. 

John  Gaule— Rev.  J.  Boucher— Daniel  Defoe  in  Edinburgh— Queen 
Mary,  Jan  de  Beaugue,  and  Marshal  Guebriant—Nahum  Tate— God- 
frey Goodman—Francis  Place — Lives  of  Dr.  Beattie— Sir  T.  Pope— 
Dr.  Polidori -William  Stafford— James  Puckle— James  Howell. 

Bibllogrrapby  and  Iiiterary  History. 

Original  Prospectus  of  "  The  Times  "—Satire  against  Home's  "Doug- 
las "—List  of  Charles  Cotton's  Works— I'orgotten  Literary  Periodicals 
— Jarvis  Matcham  the  Murderer  — The  Flying  Highwayman— Ten- 
nyson's Early  Poetry— Letters  of  Marie  Antoinette— Waller's  Poems 
—Irish  Literary  Periodicals  —  Eden's  Edition  of  Bishop  Taylor  — 
Gibbon's  Miscellaneous  Works— Inkle  and  Yarico— Letters  of  Philip 
de  Comines  —  Homer  in  a  Nutshell  —  Anglo-Irish  Bibliography— 
Musoe  Etonenses— Ruggle's  "  Ignoramus  "—The  Percy  Manuscripts. 

Popular  Antiquities  and  FoIk-I>ore. 

Husbands  at  the  Church  Door— Dorset  Folk-Lore— Indo-Mahome- 
dan  Folk-Lore— The  Cotswold  Sports— Legend  of  St.  Nicholas- 
White  used  for  Mourning— Need  Fire  a  Cure  ior  Cattle  Plague— A 
Rush  Ring— Were  Wolves— English  Popular  Tales. 

Ballads  and  Old  Poetry. 

Contributions  from  Foreign  Ballad  Literature— The  Dragon  of 
Wantley— Shakspeare  and  the  Bible— A  Plea  for  Chaucer—Balma- 
whapple's  Song— Anonymous  Ballads- The  Jew's  Daughter— Sweet 
Kitty  Clover— Huntingdonshire  May-day  Song. 

Popular  and  Proverbial  Sayingrs. 

Never  a  Barrel  the  better  Herring— Birds  of  a  Feather  Flock  together 
—  Up  at  Harwich- Leading  Apes  in  Hell. 

Philology. 

Hue  and  Cry-Clameur  de  Haro— Late  Make  :  This  and  That— Rot- 
ten Row— Bosworth— Anglo-Saxon  Dictionary— Cooper's  Thesaurus- 
Starboard  and  Larboard—Meaning  of  Club. 

Genealogy  and  Heraldry. 

Ruthven  Peerage— Maria,  Countess  Marshall— The  Otelle— Oliphant 
Barony— Jacobite  Peerage,  Baronetage,  and  Knightage— Sir  Thomas 
Rumbold— Wigton  Peerage— Sutherland  Peerage— Gamage  Family- 
Epitaphs  Abroad-The  Wellesley  Family— The  Codfish  Aristocracy- 
Sepulchral  Devices— The  Agnews— The  Breadalbane  Peerage. 

Fine  ,a.rts. 

National  Portrait  Exhibition— Newly- discovered  Portrait  of  Shak- 


Ecclesiastical  History. 

Huntingdon— Sermon  on  Witchcraft— The  Pallium— Berne  Light : 
Berying  Light— The  Cross— Parish  Registers  and  Probate  Courts  — 
The  Pragmatic  Sanction-Edward  the  Sixth's  Itinerant  Preachers- 
Processional  Litany  of  Dunkeld— St.  Michael. 

Topography. 

Worcester  Notes  and  Queries— Grantham  Market  Cross— Cambo- 
dunum— St.  James's  Lutheran  Chapel— Old  Leather  Sellers'  Hall— 
The  Mitre  Tavern  and  Dr.  Johnson— Dilamgerbendi— Dover's  Hill 
on  the  Cotswolds— Spanish  Main—Kilburn  Nunnery— St.  Pancras 
Parish. 

miscellaneous  Uotes  and  Queries. 

Shakspcare's  Silence  about  Smoking— Court  of  Pie  Poudre— Human 
Footprints  on  Rocks— Judges  returning  to  the  Bar— The  Loving  Cup 
and  Drinking  Healths— Medal  of  Chevalier  St.  George-Sepulchral 
Devices-Holland  House  Gun  Fire  -  Autographs  in  Books-Bag- 
pipes- Round  Towers— Hell  Fire  Club— Population  of  Ancient  Rome 
—Execution  of  Barneveldt. 


WILLIAM  GREIG  SMITH,  32,  Wellington  Street,  Strand. 
And  by  order  of  all  Booksellers  and  Newsmen. 


3"!  S.  XI.  Feb.  9,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


109 


LONDOy,  SATURDAY,  FEBRUARY  9,  1S67. 


COXTENTS.— X"  267. 

NOTES:— Peers'  Residences  in  1689, 109  —  Hannah  Light- 
foot,  110  — Remarkable  Paintings  on  Roodscreens  in  Nor- 
folk, 113  —  A  "  Lectureship  "  —  A  Hideous  Superstition  — 
The  Rose  of  Normandy  —  Cork  Periodicals  —  Old  Tem- 
perance Stanzas  —  Sir  Philip  Vere  Broke  and  Washington 
Irving  —  Old  Pack  of  Cards  —  Ben  Rhydding,  113. 

QUERIES:  —  Advertising  —  Boulton's  "Vindication  of  a 
complete  History  of  Magick,"  1722  — Anonymous— Gary's 
Dante  —  Champaign  —  Dryden's  "  Address  to  Clarendon  " 

—  "The  Dubhn  Christian  Instructor,"  &c.— Guns  and 
Pistols  —  Lady  Ann  Halket's  "  Memoirs  "  —  Richard  Hey, 
LL.D.  —  Tom  Lee,  the  Craven  Murderer  —  Henry  Marten 

—  Marriage  Ring  —  Musical  Biography  —  Quotations 
wanted  — John  Potenger,  Esq.  —Pig-tails  —  Roman  Taxa- 
tion levied  per  Tiles  and  Roofs  of  Houses  —  Price  of 
Salmon  in  1486  —  Stouor  Family  —  Vieux-Dieu,  114. 

QuEEiES  ■WITH  Answees:  — Sir  Isaac  Newton  — "Dick 
Swift "  —  Sardinian  Stone  —  Thomas  Milles,  Bishop  of 
Waterford  — Rembrandt  — G.  M.  Woodward,  116. 

REPLIES:  — Lute  and  Lutenist,  118- Dutch  and  other 
Languages :  the  Irish  Language,  119  —  Betting,  lb.  — 
Battle  of  Bauge,  and  the  Carmichaels  of  that  Hk,  120  — 
Glasgow,  121— Toads :  the  old  Arms  of  France,  16.— Thomas 
Lord  Cromwell,  a  Singer  and  Comedian —"  Othergates  " 

—  "U.  P.  spells  Goslings  "  —  Horse-Chestnut,  why  so  called 

—  Dial  Inscriptions  — Salmon  and  Apprentices  —  Quota- 
tion from  Homer-  Clinton's  Chronology— Multrooshill  — 
Tancreds  of  Wliixley  — Itineraries  of  Edward  I.  and  Ed- 
ward II.  —  A  Pair  of  Stairs,  &c.,  122. 

Notes  on  Books,  &c. 


u 


PEERS'  RESIDEXCES  IN  1689. 
Finding  the  following  list  of  the  residences 
of  peers  in  the  year  1698-9  among  some  old 
papers,  I  thought  it  might  not  he  unworthy  to  he 
preserved  in  "  N.  &  Q."  The  original  is  a  small 
4to  MS.  in  a  large  plain  hand.  I  have  retained 
the  spelling  as  an  evidence  of  the  pronimciation 
of  some  of  the  titles  and  localities,  such  as  ^'  Jar- 
myn  "  and  "  Jarmyn  Street."  "  The  Prince  "  was 
no  doubt  Prince  George  of  Denmark,  created  Duke 
of  Cumberland  in  1689 :  — 

"  A  List  of  the  Peers'  Houses  and  Lodgings  this 
Sessions,  Bee.  169|. 
Archb.  of  Cant,  att  Lambeth. 
Bp.  of  London  att  ffulham. 
E.  of  Lindsey  at  Chelsea. 
E.  of  Albemarle  att  Kinsington. 
Marq.  of  Normonbj'  att  Arlington  House. 
Ld.  Lansdown  in  Petty  France,  West"^. 
Bp.  of  Worcester  in  Carterett  Street. 
Ld.  Lewarr  in  Dartmouth  Street,  Westminster. 
Bp.  of  St.  Assaph  in  Stable  Yard  by  Deans  Yard,  Wesf. 
Bp.  of  Chester  in  Stable  Yard  att  Mr.  Chaton's  by  Dean's 

Yard. 
Bp.  of  Rochester     "i 

Bp.  of  Lincoln         [  in  Dean's  Yard,  West"". 
Ld.  Ashbiirnham    ' 
E.  of  Carnarvan  at  Linsey  House. 
Bp.  of  Winton  by  the  House  of  Peers. 
Bp.  of  Peterborough  in  Chanell  Rowe  [Canon  Eow  ?  ]. 

Bp!*o?StSvid^s  }  ^^  ^Jfanchester  Court,  Chanell  Rowe. 
Ld.  Hunsdown  near  Westminster  Markit,  King  Street. 
Ld.  Lovelace  in  Charles  Street,  Wesf. 


>•  in  Whitehall 
I 
J 


in  S'  James's  House. 


D.  of  Leeds 

E.  of  Scarsdale  1-  in  Duke  Street,  Wesf. 
Ld.  Lvmster       ) 
E.  of  Oxford     \ 

E.  of  Rochford  -  in  Do^vning  Street,  Westminster. 
E.  of  Grantuni  J  * 

E.  of  Rochester  \ 

D^rfOr^ond     f  ^  ^^e  Cockpitt  by  Whitehall 

E.  of  Arran        -' 

Bp.  of  Litchfeild^ 

E.  of  Essex  1 

E.  of  Portland 

E.  of  Bradford 

Ld.  Cornwallis 

Bp.  of  Oxford 

D.  of  Sumersett  att  Charing  Cross. 

D.  of  Northumb"<i  in  Spring  Garden. 

E.  ofTankerdvill     % 

D.  of  Southampton     ^  ^^^  p^^  ^j^^j 

D.  of  Scorborge 
Bp.  of  Durham         ' 

E.  of  Scarborough  in  the  Haymarket. 

Ld.  Lexington  near  the  Jocelett  [Chocolate]  House  by 

S"^  James's. 
The  Prince  -^ 

E.  of  Marlborough 
E.  of  Bath 
B.  of  Salisbury        ^ 
Ld.  Godolphen  by  S'  James's  Stables. 
Ld.  ffei-rers  j    ^^^  Cleveland  House  by  S*  Jameses. 

E.  of  Bridgwater  j  •' 

Ld.  Barklev  in  Park  Place  by  St.  Jameses. 

D.  of  Boulton  in  S'  Jameses  Street. 
Ld.  Brook 

E.  of  Kinston 

Ld.  GiUford  J- in  Arlington  Street  by  S'  Jameses. 

Ld.  Cholmundly 
E.  of  Peterborough 

E.  of  Torington  in  Park  Place,  S'  Jameses. 
Ld.  Willowby  of  Brook  inS  tratton  Street  by  Devonshire 

House. 

D.  of  Devon  att  Devonshire  House. 

E.  of  Carberough  [Scarborough  ?  ]  in  Dover  Street. 
E.  of  Burlington  in  Pickadilly. 

D.  of  St  Albans  I .    j  g^^eet, 

E.  of  Anglesea  J  •'  ' 

E.  of  Manchester  in  Duke  Street,  S'  Jameses. 

Ld.  Howard  of  Esc[rich],  in  King  Street  by  S*  Jameses 

Ld.  Ousulstou     1  jj^  (,^i^gj^  s        3^ 

Ld.  Haversham  j  ^ 

Ld.  Rockingham  in    Sherwood    [Sherrard]    Street    by 

Goulden  Square. 
Marq.  of  Hallyfax  ^ 
E.  of  Eomney 
E.  of  Pembrook 
E.  of  Radnor 
E.  of  Kent 

D.  of  Norfolk 

E.  of  Barkley 
E.  of  Sunderland 
Bp.  of  Norwich  in  Charles  Street  by  S'  Jameses  Square 
E.  of  Scarborough  in  the  Haymarket 


"in  S'  Jameses  Square. 


E.  of  Suffolk 


Ld.  Jarmyn 
E.  of  Mackelsfeild 
E.  of  Warrington 
Ld.  '\\Tiarton 
Ld.  Jefferes  •^ 

Ld.  Abergaveny 


in  Dean  Street  by  Soho. 


•  in  Gan-ard  Street. 


Ld:Z-tfmoutU-<^byi'--^-s^-- 


Ld.  Herbert 


110 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[S'l  S.  XI.  Feb.  9,  '67. 


Ld.  Colepeper  in  Porter  Street  by  Leicester  Square. 
Ld.  Fitzwater  in  Newport  Street. 
E,  of  Bolingbrook       \ 
^^SL™ouT''%^-«<>^<^  Square. 

E.  of  Carlisle  ^  « 

E.  of  Thanett       |  in  Great  Russell  Street  by  Blumesbury 

E,  of  Mountague  J      Square. 

E-  '*^^'°'^J'^^'P^'"'l  in  Blumesbury  Square. 

E.  of  Chesterfield    j  -      '■ 

Ld-  Willowby  of  Erris[by  ]  J  .^  ^^^  ^von  Square. 

Ld.  Barnard  )  -  ^ 

D.  of  Newcastle  in  Great  Russell  Street  by  Southampton 
Square. 

Ld.  North  &  Grey  in  Southampton  Street  by  the  Square. 

E.  Rivers  in  Southampton  Street. 

Ld.  Vis'  Heriford  in  Warwick  Court  by  Graj'S  Inn. 
Ld.  Eure  over  against  Grays  Inn  Gate  att  an  apothe- 
cary's. 
Bp.  of  Bristoll  in  Grevell  Street  by  Holborn. 
Bp.  of  Elleys  att  EUey  House,  Holborn. 
Bp.  of  Chichester  in  Great  Kirby  Street,  Hatton  Garden. 

D.  of  Newcastle  att  Clarkenwell  [erased]. 

E.  of  Leicester  att  S'  Jameses. 
Bp.  of  Glocester  near  Crippellgate. 

E.  of  Denbigh  in  ffanchurch  Street  att  S.  Ruzell[ ?  ]  [Rus- 
sell ?  ]  ifirebrass. 
Ld.  Lucas  in  the  Tower. 
E.  of  Nottingham  in  the  Temple. 
Ld.  North  &  Grays  in  Castle  Yard,  Holborn. 
Ld.  Vis'  Townsend  in  Essex  Street. 
Marq.  of  Carmarthen  in  Boufort  Buildings,  Strand. 
E.  of  Dorset       )  in   Lincolens  &  Feilds   [Lincoln's  Inn 
Ld.  Chansellor  j      Fields.] 
Ld.  Leigh  in  Great  Queen  Street. 
Ld.  Craven  in  Drury  Lane. 
E.  of  Stamford  in  Bow  Street,  Coven  Garden. 
E.  of  Orford  in  the  Peaza,  Coven  Garden. 
D.  of  Richmond  in  Long  Aiker. 

D.  of  Bedford  in  the  Strand. 

E.  of  Hormington  in  S'  James  Place. 
Bp.  of  Chester  in  Deans  Yard. 

Ld.  Byron  in  Suffolk  Street." 

E.  P.  Shirley. 
Lower  Eatington  Park. 


HANNAH  LIGHTFOOT.  * 

These  are  the  last  words  which  W.  H.  claimed 
the  privilege  of  having;  and  in  which  the  Fair 
Quaker  is  no  longer  Wheeler  or  Lightfoot,  but 
Hannah  Whitefoot. 

o. 

"  It  is  certain  that  the  Fair  Quaker's  name  was  Hannah 
Whitefoot,  and  not  Wheeler.  I  showed  to  Axford's  own 
niece  only  yesterday  the  account  given  by  T.  G.  H.  She 
admits  all  he  says  about  the  situation  of  the  shop,  and 
the  way  Prince  George  got  a  sight  of  her  in  his  frequent 
visits  to  the  Opera  House.  To  put  a  stop  to  these  visits 
was  the  reason  of  her  being  married  to  Axford,  who  had 
paid   her  some  attentions  while  he  was   shopman  at  a 

grocer's  on  Ludgate  Hill.    Mrs.  S ,  his  niece,  told  me 

yesterday,  that  after  they  married  they  cohabited  for  a 
fortnight  or  three  weeks,'when  she  was  one  day  called  out 
from  dinner,  and  put  into  a  chaise  and  four  and  taken  off, 

and  he  never  saw  her  afterwards.     Mrs.  S says  it 

was  reported  that  the  Prince  had  several  children  by  her, 
one  or  two  of  whom  became  generals  in  the  army. 

[*  Continued  from  p.  89.] 


"  When  Axford,  many  years  after,  married  a  second 
wife,  and  it  was  reported  that  Hannah  was  still  living, 
the  late  Lord  Weymouth  on  enquiry  asserted  that  she  was 
not  then  living.  '  W.  H. 

"  IVarminster,  July  5." 

Monthly  Mag.  Sept.  22,  vol.  liv.  p.  116. 

In  The  Monthly  Magazine  for  Dec.  1822,  vol.  liv. 
p.  410,  the  discussion  is  carried  on  by  a  correspon- 
dent signed  "  Curiosus,  Clapham,  Sept.  5,"  who, 
after  stating  that  he  had  dealt  with  Axford  the 
grocer  at  the  corner  of  the  Old  Bailey  for  nearly 
half  a  century — "  a  heavy  and  silent  man,"  who 
"  would  never  communicate  a  word  on  the  sub- 
ject "  —  says  that  the  marriage  with  Axford  was 
a  matter  of  arrangement  through  the  mediation  of 
a  certain  eminent  surgeon  of  that  day,  and  doubts 
the  cohabitation  after  the  ceremony.  That  there 
were  a  few  children — one  who  was  in  the  army, 
but  never  became  a  general  oilicer,  was  said  to 

have  been  seen  in  company  -^dth  Dr.  M at 

Paris  at  the  commencement  of  the  French  Revo- 
lution, the  Doctor  well  knowing  him  and  his  his- 
tory. "  Curiosus "  then  refers  to  some  other 
Quaker  lady  who  had  a  strong  hold  on  the  affec- 
tions of  the  royal  Adonis,  but  the  "  attempt  was 
instantly  and  peremptorily  discountenanced  by  the 
lady." 

Thus  ends  the  history  as  far  as  The  Monthly 
Magazine  is  concerned. 

Our  next  extract — a  long  one — is  from  a  pam- 
phlet published  in  1824,  written  by  some  one  who 
had  obviously  been  behind  the  scenes  during  the 
exciting  period  of  the  Queen's  trial.  It  is  written 
in  a  better  style  than  some  other  pieces  of  secret 
history  which  we  shall  have  occasion  to  notice :  — 


"  The  Queen  at  this  time  laboured  under  a  very  curious, 
and  to  me  unaccountable,  species  of  delusion.  She  fancied 
herself  in  reality  neither  a  queen  nor  a  wife.  She  be- 
lieved his  present  Majesty  to  have  been  actually  married 
to  Mrs.  Fitzherbert ;  and  she  as  fully  believed  that  his 
late  Majesty  George  the  Third  was  married  to  Miss 
Hannah  Li'ghtfoot,  the  beautiful  Quakeress,  previous  to 
his  marriage  with  Queen  Charlotte  ;  that  a  marriage  was 
a  second  time  solemnized  at  Kew  (under  the  colour  of  an 
evening's  entertainment)  after  the  death  of  Miss  Light- 
foot  ;  and  as  that  lady  did  not  die  till  after  the  births  of 
the  present  King  and  his  Royal  Highness  the  Duke  of 
York,  her  Majesty  really  considered  the  Duke  of  Clarence 
the  true  heir  to"  the  throne.  Her  Majesty  thought  also 
that  the  knowledge  of  this  circumstance  by  the  ministers 
was  the  true  cause  of  George  the  Fourth's  retaining  the 
Torv  administration  when  he  came  into  power. 

""How  the  Queen  came  seriously  to  entertain  such 
romantic  suppositions  as  these,  it  is  not  for  me  to  know. 
It  ma}'  be  perhaps  regarded  as  a  melancholy  proof  of  the 
principles  and  abilities  of  some  persons  surrounding'royal 
personages  ;  but  that  she  did  entertain  them  I  know  well, 
and  let  anv  of  her  l\Iajesty's  friends  contradict  me  if  they 
can.  If  they  do,  and  they  require  me  to  mention  my 
author,  I  will  do  so  if  called  upon  in  a  proper  manner  and 
in  a  proper  place. 

"  Indeed  I  was  myself  requested  to  call  upon  Mrs.  Han- 
cock to  make  enquiries  relative  to  what  she  might  think 


S'l  S.  XI.  Feb.  9,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


Ill 


on  the  subject,  as  she  had  the  pleasure  of  being  intimate 
with  Miss  Lightfoot.  I  was  also  requested  to  see  the 
person  who  styles  herself  (whether  justly  or  imjustly  sig- 
nifies little  to  the  subject)  Princess  of  Cumberland,  to 
know  if  any  of  her  real  or  presumed  documents  contained 
reference  to  that  subject. 

•'  Having  no  knowledge  of  Mrs.  Hancock,  who,  I  un- 
derstand, is  a  highly  respectable  lady,  I  could  not  pre- 
sume to  take  so  great  a  liberty  as  to  call  upon  her  upon 
a  subject  so  extraordinary.  But  knowing  a  friend  who 
was  intimately  acquainted  with  the  latter,  I  requested 
him  to  ask  a  question  which  I  felt  I  could  have  no  right 
to  ask  myself.  The  answer  was,  '  that  all  her  documents 
tvera  in  her  own  possession.'  This  reply  I  sent  to  the 
personage  I  have  so  often  alluded  to,  and  I  also  trans- 
mitted the  following  intelligence,  with  which  Sir  William 

was  so  obliging  as  to  favour  me  ;    viz.  That  Jliss 

Hannah  Lightfoot,  when  j'oung,  lived  with  her  father 
and  mother;  who  at  the  time  of  Prince  George's  residence 
at  Leicester  House,  kept  a  linen-draper's  shop  at  the 
corner  of  St.  .James's  Market. 

"  When  the  Prince  went  to  St.  James's,  the  coach 
always  passed  that  way,  and  seeing  the  young  lady  at 
the  window  occasionally,  he  became  enamoured  of  her, 
and  employed  Miss  Chudleigh,  afterwards  Duchess  of 
Kingston,  to  concert  an  interview.  From  this  time  fre- 
quent meetings  were  secured  at  the  house  of  a  Mr. 
Perrhyn  of  Knightsbridge,  who  was,  I  believe, Miss  Light- 
foot's  uncle. 

"The  Court  is  said  to  have  taken  alarm  at  these  cir- 
cumstances ;  and  Miss  Chudleigh,  seeing  the  danger 
likely  to  ensue,  privately  offered  to  become  a  medium  of 
getting  the  young  lady  married.  With  this  view  she 
got  acquainted  with  a  person  who  was  a  friend  of  the 
Lightfoot  family,  named  Axford,  and  who  lived  at  that 
time  on  Lvidgate  Hill.  This  person  consented  to  pay  his 
addresses  to  Miss  Lightfoot,  and  even  nominally-  to 
marry  her  upon  the  assurance  of  receiving  with  her  a 
considerable  dower. 

"  Miss  Lightfoot  is  supposed  to  have  given  in  to  the 
plan,  for  she  was  married  at  Keith's  Chapel  in  1754, 
though  the  marriage  was  never  consummated  ;  for  Miss 
Chudleigh,  who  had  contrived  the  match  (probably  with 
the  sanction  of  all  parties),  took  her  into  a  coach  "as  she 
came  out  of  the  church  door,  and  the  husband  pocketed 
the  dower,  but  never  saw  his  wife  afterwards.  The 
mother  indeed  heard  from  the  daughter  once  or  twice 
before  she  died,  and  Axford  made  enquiries  after  her  at 
Weymouth,  Windsor,  and  Kew  ;  and  once  is  even  said 
to  have  presented  a  petition  to  the  King  on  his  knees  as 
his  Majestj'  was  riding  one  day  in  St.  James's  Park,  but 
no  certain  account  of  her  was  ever  known  from  the  period 
of  her  marriage  day. 

"  She  was  taken,  it  is  supposed,  under  the  protection  of 
Prince  George  under  an  assumed  name,  and  is  said  to 
have  had  a  daughter  subsequently  married  to  a  gentle- 
man of  the  name  of  Dal  ton  or  Dalston,  who  afterwards 
received  an  appointment  from  the  East  India  Companj' 
in  Bengal,  whither  he  went,  and  where  he  died,  leaving 
three  daughters. 

"  Mr.  Axford,  in  the  meantime,  not  hearing '  anything 
of  his  wife,  and  probably  considering  his  marriage  not 
strictly  binding,  since  it  had  never  been  consummated, 
married  another  lady,  named  Bartlett,  then  living  at 
Keevil,  in  North  Wiltshire  ;  and,  after  the  expiration  of 
fifty-eight  years,  died  without  ever  being  able  to  obtain 
any  intelligence  of  his  first  bride. 

"  Three  things  are  very  remarkable  in  the  history  of  this 
lady — viz.  that  she  was  never  personally  known  to  the 
public  ;  that  her  residence  while  alive  was  never  publicly 
known  ;  and  that  so  strict  a  secresy  was  observed  at  her 
death,  that  it  is  nowhere  upon  known  record,  though  it 


has  been  said  that  she  died  of  grief  in  the  parish  of  St. 
James,  and  was  buried  imder  a  feigned  name  in  the  parish 
of  Islington,  where  probably  she  may  rest  without  a  stone 
to  tell  the  history  either  of  her  life,  death,  guilt,  inno- 
cence, splendour,  or  misfortune." — An  Historical  Fragment 
relative  to  Her  late  Majesty  Queen  Caroline,  pp.  44-50. 

There  are  one  or  two  points  in  this  statement 
wliicli  deserve  notice.  First,  it  is  clear  that  as 
early  as  1824  Mrs.  Wilmot  Serres  was  mixed  np 
with  the  story ;  and  next,  what  could  Mrs.  Hand- 
cock,  who  was  only  a  friend  of  this  mysterious 
Hannah  Lightfoot,  mean  by  "her  documents  were 
in  her  own  possession  ?  "  What  documents  could 
she  possibly  have  ?  Has  not  the  Writer  rather 
confounded  Mrs.  Wilmot  and  Mrs.  Handcock's 
replies,  and  was  it  not  the  former  who  spoke  of 
"  her  documents  ?  " 

Eight  years  after  this — namely,  in  1832,  the 
scandal  was  revived  in  that  notorious  collection  of 
libels  The  Aidheiitic  Records  of  the  Court  of  Eng- 
land for  the  last  Seventy  Years,  where,  after  telling 
how  the  Prince  of  Wales,  when  passing  through 
St.  James'  Street  and  its  immediate  vicinity, "  saw 
a  most  engaging  and  prepossessing  young  lady 
dressed  in  the  garb  usually  worn  by  the  female 
Quakers,"  it  states  he  became  so  enamoured  of 
her  that  — 

"  At  length  the  passion  of  the  Prince  arrived  at  such  a' 
point  that  he  felt  assured  his  happiness  or  misery  depended 
upon  his  receiving  this  lady  in  marriage.  Up  to  this  period 
the  Prince  had  at  all  times  exhibited  and  expressed  his 
high  regard  for  all  virtuous  undertakings  and  engage- 
ments ;  but  he  well  knew  that  virtue  could  seldom  be 
found  in  a  court 

"  One  individual  only  was  the  friend  of  the  Prince  on 
this  occasion,  and  in  the  year  1759  the  Prince  was  legally 
married  to  this  lady,  Hannah  Lightfoot,  at  Curzon  Street 
Chapel,  May  Fair.  The  only  positive  witness  of  royal 
faith  was  the  Prince's  eldest  brother  Edward,  Duke  of 
York,  &c.  &c.,  who  at  all  times  was  the  adviser  or  friend 
of  George,  and  whose  honour  the  Prince  knew  was  in- 
violable."—Pp.  2  and  3.- 

But  terrible  events  followed,  says  the  Authentic 
Hecorder  — 

"  The  ministry  soon  became  aware  that  some  alliance 
had  been  formed,  and  their  irritation  ivas  soon  followed  by 
exclamation!  " 

Nay,  not  only  did  they  cry  ''Oh  fie,  you  naughty 
boy  !  "  which  is,  I  suppose,  what  the  writer  means 
by  "followed  by  exclamation,"  but  they  made 
him  marry  another  wife,  and 

"  Miss  Lightfoot  was  disposed  of  during  a  temporary 
absence  of  his  brother  Edward,  and  from  that  time  not 
any  satisfactory  tidings  have  reached  those  most  inter- 
ested in  her  welfare.  One  thing  only  transpired,  which 
was,  that  a  young  gentleman  named  Axford  was  offered  a 
large  amount,  to  be  paid  upon  the  consummation  of  his 
marriage  with  Miss  Lightfoot,  which  offer  he  accepted. 
The  King  was  greatly  distressed  to  ascer- 
tain the  fate  of  his  much-loved  and  legally-married  wife, 
the  Quakeress ;  and  he  entrusted  iorrf  Chatham  to  go  in 
disguise  and  endeavour  to  trace  her  abode  ;  but  the  search 
was  fruitless,  and  again  the  King  was  almost  distracted." 
Pp.  5-7. 


112 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[3»d  S.  XI.  Fee.  9,  '67. 


But  according  to  this  Authentic  Recorder  not  only 
was  the  King  distracted  but  the  Queen,  who  knew 
Ms  secret,  was  no  less  so ;  and,  in  1765,  insisted 
upon  heing  again  married,  and  "  Dr.  Wilmot  ! ! 
loj  his  Majesty's  appointment,  performed  the  cere- 
mony at  their  palace  at  Kew.  The  King's  brother 
Edward  was  present  upon  this  occasion,  as  he  had 
been  on  the  two  former  ones!" 

The  book  we  have  here  quoted  contains  many 
other  passages  equally  clear  and  consistent,  but  it 
detracts  perhaps  from  its  value  as  an  authority, 
that  the  publisher  of  it  was  indicted  for  a  libel  of 
revolting  character  upon  the  Duke  of  Cumber- 
land, contained  in  a  "  deposition "  which  a  cer- 
tain individual  "was inclined  to  give."  The  very 
individual  on  whose  pretended  deposition  the  libel 
was  founded  was,  however,  produced  in  court  and 
utterly  denounced  it,  and  the  publisher  was  conse- 
quently convicted.  The  book  is  then  said  to  have 
been  suppressed. 

But  the  story  we  have  j  ust  told  from  the  Ati- 
thentic  Records  is  repeated  in  another  work  of  simi- 
lar character,  which  also  bears  the  date  of  1832 ; 
though,  as  it  will  presently  be  seen,  there  is  reason 
to  believe  it  was  not  circulated,  for  it  can  scarcely 
be  said  to  have  been  published,  till  a  year  or  two 
after.  This  is  The  Secret  History  of  the  Court  of 
England,  8fc,  By  the  Right  Honorable  Lady 
Anne  Hamiltmi,  Sister  of  his  Grace  the  preseiit 
Duhe  of  Hamilton  and  Brandon,  and  of  the  Countess 
of  Dunmore. 

Mr.  Jesse  speaks  of  these  two  literary  produc- 
tions as  being  composed  by  persons  not  ill  informed 
in  the  secret  history  of  the  couH — a  point  on  which 
we  by  no  means  agree  with  ]Mr.  Jesse ;  and  we 
are  surprised  that,  as  he  seems  to  have  especially 
consulted  them,  it  never  struck  him  that,  as  PuiF 
says  in  The  Critic,  "  when  these  "  writers,  not  ill- 
informed  in  the  secret  history  of  the  court  ''  do 
agree  their  xmanimity  is  wonderful,"  and  that 
having  the  books  before  him  he  should  not  have 
discovered  that  The  Secret  History  (with  which 
the  lady  whose  name  appears  on  the  title-page 
had  no  more  to  do  than  Hannah  Lightfoot  herself) 
is  only  The  Aidhentic  Records  newly  revised. 

This  The  Quarterly  Revieio,  in  reviewing  the 
latter,  showed  as  long  since  as  April  1838  (vol. 
Ixi.  p.  406)  :  where  the  Reviewer,  after  expressing 
his  belief  that  the  publication  of  the  Authentic 
Record  and  Secret  History  was  not  "  instigated  so 
much  by  individual  malice,  as  by  a  reckless  and 
shameless  desire  of  gain  acting  upon  low,  brutal, 
and  malignant  natures,"  tells  us  how  the  books 
were  circulated,  not  published :  — 

"  The  former  publication,  which  is  about  the  size 
usually  sold  for  seven  or  eight  shillings,  was  circulated, 
imder  t/ie  cloak,  at  the  modest  price  of  11.  Is.,  and  the  ex- 
travagance of  the  sum  was  a  decoy  to  make  the  credu- 
lous suppose  that  there  must  be  something  very  piquant 
in  so  dear  a  volume.  The  present  work  is — en  the  same 
principle — retailed  by  a  woman,  who  in  the  dusk  comes 


to  the  door  and  offers  Lady  Anne  Hamilton's  Journal  at 
the  same  modest  price  of  one  guinea  per  volume." 

We  presume  the  game  was  not  very  profitable ; 
for  some  years  afterwards  the  remainder  of  the 
book  was  oft'ered  by,  probably  the  very  same 
woman,  to  a  well-known  bookseller,  who  declined 
the  purchase,  and  copies  were  to  be  procured  a 
few  years  since  at  a  very  trifling  price. 

Mr.  Jesse  refers  then  to  Mr.  Beckford's  confirm- 
ation of  some  of  the  statements  in  these  libels, 
but  I  must  defer  my  remarks  upon  this  point 
until  next  week.  William  J.  Thoms. 


REMAEKABLE  PAINTINGS  ON  EOOPSCREENS 
IN  NORFOLK. 

I  have  lately  met  with  two  very  imusual  repre- 
sentations of  a  saint,  occurring  on  roodscreens  in 
Norfolk  churches,  one  at  Suffield,  the  other  at  North 
Tuddenham.  The  figure  at  Sufiield  is  that  of  a 
warrior  in  armour,  wearing  a  helmet,  and  holding 
a  falcon  in  his  left  hand,  while  with  his  right  he 
holds  xip  a  priest's  black  cassock  thrown  over  his 
suit  of  armour,  but  so  as  to  display  one  arm  and 
leg  enca,sed  ih  armour.  The  other  figure  occurs 
on  the  south  side  of  the  roodscreen  at  North  Tud- 
denham. It  represents  a  priest  in  his  cassock, 
holding  a  falcon,  like  the  other,  upon  his  left  hand. 

These  paintings  both  represent  St.  Jeron,  priest 
and  martyr.  Few  particulars  of  his  history  are 
known,  but  I  will  put  together  all  that  is  recorded. 
St.  Jeron,  otherwise  Hieron,  was  a  native  of  Scot- 
land, according  to  some  authors ;  though  others 
say  of  England,  or  indefinitely  of  Great  Britain. 
He  was  of  noble  blood,  but  renounced  the  world, 
and  became  a  priest.  Out  of  zeal  to  spread  the 
Gospel  in  Holland,  he  went  over  to  that  country, 
and  preached  the  Christian  faith  there,  suft'ering 
many  painful  trials  and  much  persecution  for  many 
years.  His  labours,  however,  were  blessed  with 
great  fruit  in  the  conversion  of  many  from  Pa- 
ganism. At  length,  when  the  Danes  and  Normans 
made  incursions  into  Holland,  he  was  martyred 
by  them,  out  of  hatred  to  the  Christian  faith, 
which  he  had  so  zealously  preached,  being  be- 
headed in,  or  about  the  year  856,  at  the  town  of 
Noortwyck.  His  body  was  solemnly  translated  to 
Egmondt,  and  there  honourably  deposited  in  the 
Benedictine  Monastery  of  St.  Adalbert,  by  the 
devotion  of  Thierry,  the  second  Count  of  Brabant. 
St.  Jeron  is  commemorated  in  the  Belgic  Calendar, 
and  in  the  Gallican  Martyrology  on  August  17. 
Some  notices  of  him  will  be  found  in  the  Kerck- 
liche  Historic  of  M.  Lambrecht,  Bishop  of  Bruges  ; 
in  Wilson's  English  Martyrologe,  who  refers  to 
Molanus,  Cratepus,  Wion,  and  others ;  in  Cressy's 
Church  History  of  England,  who  refers  to  the 
Centuriators  of  INEagdeburg ;  and  in  Bp.  Chal- 
loner's  Britannia  Sancta. 


3"i  S.  XI.  Feb.  9,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


113 


In  that  useful  work,  Die  Attribute  der  HeiJigen, 
St.  Jeron  is  described  as  a  priest,  holding  a  falcon 
on  one  hand,  and  a  sword  in  the  other.  In  the 
figures  above  described,  we  have  the  saint  repre- 
sented as  a  warrior  and  a  priest,  and  holding  a 
falcon.  Thus  his  early  career  as  a  nobleman  is 
indicated  by  the  armour  and  the  falcon,  his  sub- 
seq[uent  labours  by  the  priestly  cassock,  and  his 
martyrdom  by  the  sword.  F.  C.  H. 


A  "  Lectureship." — Any  deterioration  of  the 
English  language  on  the  part  of  a  learned  body 
ought  to  be  "noted"  and  reprobated.  I  do  not 
know  how  far  the  University  of  Dublin  may  be 
responsible  for  the  diction  of  the  Buhlin  Univer- 
sity Calendar;  but  I  am  surprised  at  finding  in 
that  work  an  established  use  of  the  word  "  lec- 
tureship," meaning  the  ofiice  of  a  lecturer.  One 
is  familiar  with  this  corruption  in  the  newspapers ; 
but  if  it  is  to  receive  the  sanction  of  Queen  Eliza- 
beth's University,  the  sooner  that  body  reverts  to 
her  old  appellation  of  the  "  silent  sister "  the 
better  for  our  language.  If  we  are  to  say  lecture- 
ship for  lecturership,  we  ought  by  analogy  to  say 
sermonship  for  preachership.  C.  G.  Peowett. 

Carlton  Club. 

A  Hideous  SuPERSTiTioif. — I  cut  the  following 
from  The  Standard  of  Saturday,  Dec.  8 :  — 

"  The  Fremdenblatt  of  Vienna  has  the  following  most 
extraordinarj-  statement :  '  At  Kechnitz,  in  Hungary,  a 
man  has  committed  a  horrible  act  through  superstition  : 
he  has  successively  assassinated  four  children,  and  eaten 
their  hearts  raw,  believing  that  he  would  become  invisible 
when  he  had  done  the  same  to  seven.  The  crime  was 
discovered  before  he  had  time  to  arrive  at  the  end  of  his 
atrocity,  and  the  man  is  in  custody.'" 

Is  it  worth  making  a  ''note  "  of? 

Wm.  Chandler  Heald. 

The  Rose  of  Normandy. — As  you  have  often 
admitted  ia  your  periodical  notes  on  tavern  signs, 
may  I  ask  you  to  favour  the  following  communi- 
cation with  a  few  inches  space  ? 

The  "Rose  of  Normandy"  is  the  sign  of  a 
public-house  in  the  High  Street,  Marylebone.  In 
my  History  of  Signboards  I  have  not  attempted  to 
offer  an  explanation  of  that  sign,  as  no  obvious 
one  occurred  to  me.  But  since  that  work  was 
published  I  have  met  with  a  political  poem  writ- 
ten on  the  Battle  of  Towton  (1461),  in  which 
Edward  IV.,  then  Earl  of  March,  is  called  the 
Rose  of  Rouen,  on  account  of  his  being  born  in 
that  city. 
"  Now  is  the  Eose  of  Rone  grown  to  a  gret  honoure, 

Therefore  sing  we  euerychone,  I-blessid  be  that  floure ! 

I  warne  you  euerychone,  for  [ye]  shuld  understonde, 

There  sprange  a  Rose  in  Rone,  and  sprad  into  Eng- 
londe,"  &c.,  &c.* 


Archceologia,  vol.  xxix.  p.  343. 


From  this  manner  of  designating  the  prince,  it 
seems  not  improbable  that  the  Rose  of  Rouen,  or 
of  Normandy,  may  have  become  a  popular  sign 
when  he  mounted  the  throne.  Now,  though  the 
house  in  question  does  not  date  from  that  time, 
yet  it  is  said  to  be  the  oldest  in  the  parish.  It  is 
therefore  possible  that,  at  the  first  opening  of  this 
tavern,  a  sign  was  adopted  for  it ;  which,  though 
already  antiquated,  Vas  then  perhaps  not  quite  so 
unusual  as  it  is  now.  ^  Jacob  Larwood. 

Cork  Periodicals. — A  Cork  bookseller  named 
Bolster  published  a  magazine  to  which  he  gave 
his  own  name.  He  applied  to  a  literary  friend 
of  mine  to  contribute,  but  offered  so  slender  a 
remuneration  that  his  proposal  was  declined. 
"However,"  said  my  friend,  "I  will  furnish  you 
with  a  suitable  name."  "  What  is  it  ?  "  eagerly 
inquired  the  bibliopole.  "Call  it  'The  Cork 
Screw ! ' " 

It  was  in  this  that  Dr.  Maginn  (afterwards  so 
distinguished  in  London  as  a  contributor  to  Black- 
tvood  and  Fraser)  made  his  debut  in  literature. 
Waterfordiensis. 

Old  Temperance  Stanzas. — The  enclosed  may 
interest  some  of  your  readers,  more  especially  Mr. 
George  Cruikshank.  Written  about  the  year 
1470:  — 

"  W  litill  fode  content  ys  nature 
And  beter  y«  bodi  fereth  w'  a  lite 
Then  when  it  charged  ys  oute  of  mesure 
Loke  what  thing  may  y«  body  profite 
And  y*^  sonne  shalt  in  y^  same  delite 
What  thing  it  distemp'ereth  and  diseseth 
The  soule  it  hirteth  for  it  God  displeseth. 

"  Wynes  delicat  and  swete  and  stronge 
Causeth  full  many  an  inconvenientise 
Zif  y'  a  man  outragly  hem  fonge 
Thei  biriyen  wyt  and  forbede  silence 
Of  counsell  yei  outragen  pacience 
Thei  kyndelt  yre  and  firen  lecherj'e 
And  causen  bothe  bodi  and  soule  to  die." 

MS.  Brit.  Mus.  Reg.  8,  A.  xxi. 
Stuart  A.  Moore. 
Erith,  S.E. 

Sir  Philip  Vere  Broke  and  Washington 
Irving. — In  a  review  of  Washington  Irving's  re- 
cently published  Remains,  I  see  it  stated  that  the 
accomplished  American  has  recorded  an  opinion 
that  Broke's  memorable  challenge  to  Captain 
Lawrence  of  the  Chesapeake  was  prompted  by  a 
mere  thirst  for  reputation. 

I  grew  up  among  naval  officers,  Broke's  con- 
temporaries, the  majority  of  whom  had  won  repu- 
tations of  their  own  under  Howe  and  Nelson. 
They  spoke  with  the  greatest  imaginable  freedom 
of  the  men  whom  they  had  known,  and  they 
were  certainly  the  last  persons  in  the  world  to 
approve  of  any  military  action  unworthily  under- 
taken. My  distinct  recollection  is  that  all  spoke 
of  Sir  Philip  Broke   and  his  gallant   action    in 


114 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[S'l  S.  XI.  Feb.  9,  '67 


terms  of  the  most  enthusiastic  and  unqualified 
admiration.  The  fact  that  his  wounds,  sustained 
on  the  deck  of  the  Chesapeake,  -svere  a  permanent 
cause  of  sufiering  and  of  disqualification  for  further 
service,  was  always  mentioned  with  expressions 
of  sympathy  and  of  regret  that  so  brilliant  a 
career  had  been  prematurely  arrested. 

My  late  father  (who,  although  a  brother  officer, 
had  never  met  Captain  Broke)  frequently  wrote 
little  sea-songs  which  gained  some  popularity  in 
Plymouth  Dock  and  on  Common-Hard.  At  the 
commencement  of  hostilities  with  America,  he 
published  one  which  contained  these  lines :  — 
"  As  the  -vvar  they  did  provoke, 

We'll  pay  them  with  our  cannon  ; 
The  first  to  do  it  will  be  Broke 
In  his  gallant  ship  the  Shannon." 
In  describing  the  action  thus  foretold,  Mr.  Joyce 
Gould,  editor  of  the  Naval  Chronicle,  quoted  these 
lines,  saying  that  Captain  Broke  had  fully  realised 
the  prediction  of  "  the  prophetic  bard."  This  little 
fact  may  be  considered  useful  as  evidence  of  the 
esteem  in  which  the  captor  of  the  Chesapeake 
was  held  by  his  service,  and  of  the  expectations 
which  a  knowledge  of  his  previous  character  and 
career  had  led  them  to  form  of  the  part  which  he 
was  likely  to  take  in  that  war.  As  the  son  of  a  poet 
I  may  be  pardoned  for  quoting  two  more  lines 
from  the  lays  of  "the  prophetic  bard."  They 
formed  part  of  a  nigger  melody  descriptive  of  the 
action  — 

"  Yankee  got  good  dinner  hot ; 
Bnt  himself  did  go  to  pot ! 

Yankee  doodle,"  &c.  &c. 

Calcuttensis, 

Old  Pack  or  Cards.  —  I  have  a  curious  old 
pack  of  cards,  and  should  like  to  know  their  age. 
They  are  roughly  coloured,  and  the  margins  filled 
with  representations  of  birds,  dragons,  bats,  but- 
terflies, &c.  In  the  centre  of  each  is  an  oval 
containing  either  verses  or  different  kinds  of  letters. 
At  the  top  of  the  card  is  a  diamond  or  heart,  as 
the  case  may  be,  and  a  figure  on  the  side  to  denote 
its  value.    1  give  some  specimens  of  the  verses : — 

"  A  Queen  whose  heart's  to  love  inelin'd, 
A  Jewell  is  to  women-kinde." 
"  Play  faire. 
Do  not  sweare, 
From  oaths  forbeare." 
"  First  learn  to  know 
The  Crls  cross  row  (qy.  ?), 
And  then  to  spell 
Your  Letters  well." 
"  If  you  play,  lay  no  more 
Than  you  can  freel}'  give  the  Poore." 
"  Cards  maj'  be  used 
But  not  abused, 
And  they  used  well 
All  games  excell." 

"  When  land  and  livings  all  are  spent, 
Then  learning  is  most  excellent." 


"  Play  not  for  coine  in  these  regards  ; 
Men  loose,  and  then  they  curs  the  Cards." 

Upon  the  Queen  of  Spades  — • 

"  Where  Queens  by  vertue  treuly  swaide, 
No  evill  can  theire  minds  invade.'' 

On  the  King  of  Spades — 

"  The  greatest  King  by  sithe  and  spade 
Must  equal  in  the  Dust  be  laid." 

On  the  King  of  Hearts  — 

"  A  trusty  heart  suits  to  a  King, 
And  subjects  true  in  everj'  thing." 

On  the  Queen  of  Diamonds  — 

"  True  virtues  are 
As  diamonds  fair, 
Fit  to  be  seen 
In  any  Queene." 

John  Piggot,  Juif. 

Ben  RnrDDiNG,  —  Mr.  Taylor,  in  his  Words 
and  Places,  refers  (p.  232  and  elsewhere)  to  this 
name  as  "  apparently  a  vestige  of  the  passage  of 
the  Gael  across  England."  That  jjassage  must 
have  been  very  recent,  as  the  name  did  not  exist 
twenty  years  ago.  Its  origin  may  as  well  be 
chronicled  in  "  N.  &  Q."  as  a  caution  to  future 
etymologists.  About  1843,  a  number  of  believers 
in  the  water-cure  subscribed  together  to  found  a 
hydropathic  establishment  on  a  hill  near  Ilkley, 
and  gave  to  it  the  name  of  Ben  Rhydding.  I 
happened  one  day  to  be  in  conversation  with  one 
of  the  most  active  of  the  formders,  and  asked  him 
how  it  was  that,  when  they  fixed  on  the  name, 
they  did  not  call  it  Pen  Rhydding  instead  of 
Ben  Rhydding,  and  I  referred  to  Penrith,  Peny- 
gharl,  Penistone,  &c.  "  Oh,"  he  said,  "  the  origin 
of  the  term  was  much  simpler.  We  wanted,  of 
course,  some  name ;  and  looking  into  our  deeds, 
we  found  that  the  field  on  which  we  had  erected 
our  establishment  was  conveyed  to  us  as  the  Beau 
Ridding;  and  we  just  struck  out  the  a  in  the  first 
word,  and  metamorphosed  the  second  by  changing 
i  into  hy,  and  so  we  made  'Ben  Rhydding.'  " 

C.  H. 

Leeds, 


^ntviti. 


Advertising.— Can  any  one  inform  me  when, 
and  in  what  country,  the  custom  of  advertising, 
of  whatever  kind,  began  ?  If  there  be  any  work 
in  existence  treating  of  its  origin  and  progress,  I 
should  be  thankful  to  be  informed  of  the  title. 

E.  ^V.  P. 

Botilton's  "  Vindication  of  a  complete  His- 
TOKT  OF  Magick,"  1722. — Where  can  the  "  Com- 
plete History,"  of  which  the  above  is  a  vindica- 
tion, in  reply  to  Scot,  be  seen  ?  It  is  not  in  the 
British  Museum.  Ralph  Thomas. 


3fd  S.  XI.  Feb.  9,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


llo 


A:N'OXYMors. — Who  were  tlie  authors  of  the  fol- 
lo'R-ing  tracts  ?  — 

1.  Apologrj  for  a  Protestant  Dissent  .  .  .  principally 
supported  upon  the  writings  of  Phileleutherus  Canta- 
brigiensis.    Lond.  1755,  8vo,  pp.  CO. 

2.  Three  Letters  on  Systematic  Taste  [on  Dr.  Young's 
Centaur  not  Fabulous].    Lond.  1755,  8v'o,  pp.  58. 

3.  IVay  to  he  Wise  and  Wealthy.  By  a  Merchant. 
Lond.  1755,  8vo,  pp.  62. 

Wm.  E.  a.  Axoif. 
Gary's  Dante  "is  a  thing  of  the  past.     There 
are  better  English  translations"  {Saticrday Review, 
p.  6o3),     What  are  they,  and  which  is  the  best  ? 

M.  Y.  L. 
Champaign-.  —  Biibb     Doddington    (i-kle     his 
Diary,  February  1,  1753)   "■  Went  to  the  House 
to  vote  for  liberty  to  import  champaign  in  bottles. 
Lord  Hillsborough  moyed  it,  Mr.  Fox  seconded  it. 
We  lost  the  question— Ayes  74,  Noes  141."  How 
was  champaign  imported  then,  if  not  in  bottle  ? 
J.  WiiEiNS,  B.C.L. 
Cuddington,  Aylesbuiy. 

Drtdex's  "Address  to  Claeendon." — Can  any 
of  your  readers  direct  me  to,  or  enable  me  to  see, 
the  first  edition  of  Dryden's  Address  to  the  Lord 
Chancellor  Clarendon,  published  in  1G62  ? 

CH. 

"  The  Dublin-  Cheistian  Insteuctoe,"  etc. 
I  haye  now  before  me  twenty-two  monthly  num- 
bers of  an  8vo  periodical  entitled  The  Dublin 
Christian  Instructor,  and  Hepo'tort/  of  Education, 
and  published  in  Dublin  by  M.  Good-win,  29,  Den- 
mark Street,  from  January,  1818,  to  October,  1819. 
Can  you  tell  me  whether  any  more  numbers  ap- 
peared, and  who  was  the  editor  ?  I  cannot  find 
any  mention  of  it  in  the  List  of  Irish  Periodical 
Publications  by  John  Power,  Esq.  Abhba. 

Gtrxs  AND  Pistols. — Were  the  guns  and  pistols 
used  in  this  coimtry  during  our  great  ciyil  war, 
1042 — 1660,  furnished  with  flints,  or  were  they 
matchlocks  only  ?  I  think  the  latter,  but  require 
eyidence.  A.  0.  V.  P. 

Lady  Ann  Halket's  "Mexoies."  —  Where 
can  I  see  a  copy  of  the  Life  of  Ann  Murray 
liaJhet,  4to,  Edinburgh,  1701? 

Where  is  now  the  copy  which  Bindley  had, 
afterwards  sold  to  Ptodd "  at  Ileber's  sale,  and 
which  contained  her  portrait  drawn  on  yellum  ? 

Is  it,  as  I  haye  been  informed,  an  Auto- 
biography ?  William  J.  Thoms.     I 

RiCHAED  Hey,  LL.D.  —  This  gentleman,  who 
wa3  Fellow  of  Sidney,  Sussex,  and  Magdalen 
Colleges,  Cambridge,  was  brother  of  the  Rev.  Pro- 
fessor Hey,  of  the  same  uniyersity.  He  published, 
in  1812,  Dissertations  on  the  Pernicious  Effects  of 
Gaming,  Duellin;,',  and  Suicide.  He  is  also  the 
autlior  of  The  Captive  Monarch,  a  tragedy,  &c.,  &c. 
In  1791  he  printed  at  York  two  short  dramas : 


Honour  and  Love,  a  dialogue  in  two  acts  for  fiye 
persons;  and  The  Shelter,  written  for  a  private 
family.  As  only  the  titles  of  these  pieces  (which 
are  named  in  the  Bior/rajihia  Dratnatica)  are 
known  to  me,  would  any  reader  of  "  N.  &  Q.," 
j  who  may  have  a  copy  of  the  volume,  give  me  the 
'  names  of  the  dramatis  per sonce?  The  book  seems 
to  have  been  privately  printed.  What  is  the  date 
of  the  author's  death  ?  E.  I. 

Tom  Lee,  the  Ceaven  Muedeeee.  —  I  have 
for  some  time  past  been  engaged  on  a  new  edi- 
tion of  my  Stories  of  the  Craven  Dales,  published 
by  Tasker  of  Skipton,  and  long  out  of  print.  I  am 
desirous  of  obtaining  full  particulars  of  what  is 
called  in  Craven  "  The  Gross-wood  Murder." 
The  murder  was  committed  towards  the  close  of 
the  last  century  (I  think  about  1786),  and  the 
victim  was  a  Doctor  Pett^i;,  a  village  surgeon. 
Lee  was  tried  at  York  and'executed  there.  Ac- 
cording to  the  practice  of  those  "  good  old  times," 
his  body  was  gibbeted  on  the  spot  where  he 
committed  the  murder.  I  have  tried  in  vain  to 
obtain  information.  Perhaps  some  collector  of 
broadsides  may  have  a  "Complaint,"  or  "Last 
dying  speech."  If  so,  I  shall  feel  obliged  by  any 
information  in  "  N.  &  Q."  I  shall  call  the  new 
edition  of  my  book  "  Chronicles,  &c."  and  not 
Stories.  S.  Jackson. 

The  Flatts,  Malham  Moor,  Yorkshire. 

Heney  Maeten. — Does  any  portrait  of  Henry 
Marten  exist  besides  the  portrait  at  St.  Pierre, 
Chepstow,  which,  on  the  authority  of  Coxe,  is  now 
generally  supposed  to  be  his  ?  n    *    tti 


H.  A.  E. 


Maeriage  Ring. — What  sects,-  other  than  the 
Society  of  Friends,  object  to  the  use  of  wedding 
rings?  JosEPHTTS.'^ 

Musical  Biogeaphy. — Was  Dr.  Thomas  Cam- 
pion of  the  seventeenth  century,  a  graduate  in 
music  ? — Who  was  the  Rev.  John  Darwell,  author 
of  several  hymn-tunes  about  1780? — Who  wa.s 

Collins,     composer    of    "  Bromsgrove," 

"  Stoughton,"  and  other  hymn-times  about  1800? 
psalmodist. 

Quotations  wanted. 

" .     .     .     .     Images  and  gentle  thoughts, 
Which  cannot  die  and  will  not  be  destroyed." 

H.  FisHwiOK. 

"  His  frigid  glance  was  fixed  upon  my  face. 
And  -n-ell  I  knew  that  it  had  so  been  set 
Since  I  had  entered  into  that  dim  place, 

By  the  far  watching  gesture  he  had  yet. 
Those  eyes !  those  eyes  !  the^-  pierce  my  very  braiu. 
Their  keen  look  forcing  ice  through  even'  vein  !  " 

'    w.  s. 

Are  the  following  lines  taken  from  the  works 
of  any  known  author?  Tliey  appeared  anony- 
mously in  a  periodical  which  used  to  be  published 


116 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[3'd  S.  XI.  Feb.  9,  '6 


in  Liverpool,   and  tliey  formed  the  commence- 
ment of  a  satirical  sketch.      They  refer  to  the 
Eoman  Ciirtius :  — 
"  Imperial  Rome,  victorious  o'er  the  Gauls, 
Hath  scarce  upreared  once  more  her  war-wrecked  walls, 
When,  like  a  pall  that  wraps  the  livid  dead, 
Wide  o'er  the  city  proud  a  cloud  hath  spread,"  &c. 

M.  R. 
.  JoHX  PoTEJs-GEE,  EsQ.  —  Will  youT  Correspon- 
dent C.  W.  B.  be  Mnd  enough  to  inform  me  who 
was  this  gentleman,  whose  memoirs  were  edited 
by  him,  as  appears  from  a  note  on  p.  400  of 
Roberts's  Social  History  of  the  Southern  Counties  1 

w.  w.  s. 

Pig-Tails. — By  what  European  nation,  and  at 
what  period,  was  the  use  of  pig-tails  first  intro- 
duced into  Europe  ?  The  Yanra-Vansi  Pi.ajas  of 
Poor-bimden,  i.  e.  the  City  of  Monkeys,  on  the 
Guzrat  coast  of  India,  are  styled  Poodreira,  or 
long-tailed,  and  boast  their  descent  from  the  king 
of  the  monkeys,  the  allies  of  Ramachandra  in  his 
conquests  of  India.  May  not  the  custom  have 
been  borrowed  from  these  worthies  by  the  Portu- 
guese, and  so  introduced  into  Europe  ?  Vide 
Tod's  Annals  of  Rdjasthan,  vol.  i.  p.  114. 

IMeemaii). 

RoMJJS- Taxation  levied  pee  Tiles  and  Roofs 
OF  Houses. — In  a  paper  which  was  read  by  Dr. 
J.  K.  Walker  before  the  members  of  the  Hudders- 
field  Archaeological  and  Topographical  Associa- 
tion assembled  at  Slack  on  April  13,  1866,  on  the 
discoveries  which  had  been  made  at  that  place, 
the  supposed  Cambodunum  of  the  Romans,  the 
follovnng  statement  occurs :  — 

'•'We  are  told  that  when  -war  was  declared  against 
Antony,  the  Senators  were  taxed,  not  according  to  their 
property,  or  by  the  nxmiber  of  their  windows,  but  at  the 
rate  of  so  much  per  tile  on  their  houses.  When,  how- 
ever, in  order  to  evade  the  tax,  larger  tiles  were  intro- 
duced, they  rated  by  the  roof." 

Dr.  Walker  affirmed  that  the  substance  of  this 
statement  appeared  in  some  periodical  published 
in  1834,  the  title  of  which  he  could  not  recollect ; 
that  its  accuracy  was  not  questioned  at  the  time, 
and  that  its  soundness  has  passed  current  since. 

_  Will  some  archaeologist  who  may  recollect  it 
supply  the  title  of  the  periodical  in  which  the 
foregoing  statement  appeared,  and  also  mention 
the  original  authority  on  which  it  was  founded  ? 
Llallawg. 

Price  of  Salmon  in  1486. — At  the  Feast  of 
the  Brotherhood  of  Corpus  Christi  at  Maidstone 
in  that  year,  Qs.  8d.  was  given  for  "  one  fresh 
salmon."  This  salmon  did  not  come  from  the 
Medway,  for  in  the  accoimt  of  the  expenses  of  the 
feast  occur  the  items  "carriage  of  the  salmon 
from  Shene  to  Gravesend,  6^/. ;  "  "  one  horse  and 
my  man  to  Gravesend,  8fZ."  ;  but  it  probably 
came  from  the  Thames  near  Richmond.  Six  years 
previously,  2s.  Qd.  had  been  paid  for  six  pigs  for 


the  feast.  Can  it  be  explained  why  the  Brothers 
of  Corpus  Christi  had  to  get  their  salmon  from 
above  London,  and  why  they  had  to  pay  about 
twenty  times  the  cost  of  pork  for  their  fish  ?  Vt 
the  above  rate,  salmon  ought  to  be  now  13s.  per 
pound.  Teetane. 

Stonoe  Family. — Sir  William  Stonor,  Knt.,  of 
Oxfordshire,  by  his  wife  Anne  Xevill  (daughter 
of  John  Xevill,  Marquis  of  Montagu,  and  Isabel, 
daughter  and  heiress  of  Sir  Edmund  Ingoldes- 
thorpe  of  Borough  Green,  co.  Cambridge),  had 
issue  a  daughter  and  heiress,  Anne  Stonor,  who 
married  Sir  Adrian  Fortescue,  Kut. 

Required,  the  date  of  decease  and  place  of  burial 
of  Sir  Wm.  Stonor  and  Sir  Adrian  Fortescue. 

J.  J.  H. 

Vieux-Dtef. — A  little  way  from  Antwerp,  on 
the  road  to  Malines,  is  a  village  and  railway  sta- 
tion bearing  the  profanely  sounding  name  of 
Vieux-Dieu.  What  is  the  origin  of  the  appella- 
tion ?  J.  WOODWAED. 


SiE  Isaac  Newton. — Did  this  philosopher  hold 
Antitrinitarian  views?  This  was  mentioned  to 
me  by  a  Unitarian  minister.  Perhaps  "N.  &  Q." 
will  settle  this  point.  Sanet. 

Liverpool. 

[The  theological  opinions  of  Sir  Isaac  Xewton  have 
been  so  frequently  discussed,  that  we  can  merely  state  in 
a  few  lines  the  principal  works  to  be  consulted  on  this 
tender  subject.  The  Postscript  to  Bishop  Burgess's  work 
JTie  Bible,  and  Nothing  but  the  Bible  (8vo,  1815)  is  en- 
titled "  The  Anti-Socinianism  of  Newton  and  Locke." 
Consult  also  the  Gentleman's  Magazine,  Ixxxv.  fii.)  314, 
419,  for  other  papers  by  the  Bishop  on  this  subject.  Dr. 
Brewster,  Xewton's  principal  biographer,  in  the  second 
edition  of  his  Memoirs  of  Sir  Isaac  Newton,  ii.  339,  makes 
the  following  statements  respecting  the  religious  opinions 
of  this  great  man  :  "  Although  a  traditionary  belief  has 
long  prevailed  that  Xewton  was  an  Arian,  yet  the  Tri- 
nitarians claimed  him  as  a  friend,  while  the  Socinians, 
by  republishing  his  Historical  Account  of  Two  Notable 
Corruptions  of  Scripture  (1  John,  v.  7,  and  1  Tim.  iii. 
16)  under  the  title  of  Sir  Isaac  Newton  on  the  Trinitarian 
Corruptions  of  Christianity,  wished  it  to  be  believed  that 
he  was  a  supporter  of  their  ^-iews.  That  he  was  not  a 
Socinian  is  proved  by  his  avowed  belief  that  onr  Saviour 
was  the  object  of  '  worship  among  the  primitive  Chris- 
tians,' and  that  he  was  '  the  Son  of  God,  as  well  by  his 
resurrection  from  the  dead,  as  by  his  supernatural  birth 
of  the  Virgin.'  lu  the  absence  of  all  dii-ect  evidence,  I 
had  no  hesitation,  when  writing  the  Life  of  Sir  Isaac 
Newton  in  1830,  in  coming  to  the  conclusion  that  he  was 
a  believer  in  the  Trinity."  M.  Biot  had  previously 
arrived  at  the  same  opinion.  "  There  is  absolutely 
nothing,"  he  says,  "  in  the  writings  of  Xewton  which 


3"!  S.  XI.  Feb.  9,  '67,] 


NOTES  AND  QUEKIES. 


117 


can  justify,  or  even  authorise  the  conjecture  that  he  was 
an  Antitrinitarian."  (^Biog.  Univ.  torn.  xxxi.  p.  190.)  A 
different  opinion,  however,  is  taken  by  the  writer  of  the 
folloiving  work  :  Sir  Isaac  Neictoyi's  Views  on  Points  of 
Trinitarian  Doctrine:  his  Articles  of  Faith,  and  the 
General  Coincidence  of  his  Opinions  with  those  of  John 
Locke  ;  a  Selection  of  Authorities,  with  Observations,  by 
Henrj' Green,  M.A.    Lond.  8vo,  1856.] 

"  Dick  Swift." — I  have  before  me  a  spiritedly 
engraved  portrait,  folio  size,  fettered  "  Dick  Swift, 
Thief-taker  of  the  City  of  London,  Teaching  his 
son  the  Commandments/'  published  in  1765.  Old 
Catchpole  has  a  most  villanous  look  while  he 
points  to  ''Thou  shalt  steal"  ;  and  young  hopeful 
is  listening  and  picking  his  father's  pocket ;  the 
hangman's  cord  with  its  ready  noose  pendant  over 
his  head  !  The  print  is  probably  well  known  to 
collectors.  Is  there  any  printed  account  of  this 
worthy,  who,  from  the  size  and  Hogarthian  style 
of  his  likeness,  must  have  been  notable  in  his 
day  ?  D. 

[This  portrait  was  a  caricature  of  another  print  pub- 
lished about  the  same  time,  of    "Arthur  Beardmore, 
citizen  of  London,  teaching  his  son  Magna  Charta,"  de- 
signed by  Pine,  and  engraved  by  Watson.     Beardmore, 
it  will  be  remembered,  was  one  of  the  writers  in  The 
Monitor,  and  when  Under-Sheriff,  was  sentenced  to  two 
months'  imprisonment   and  fined  50Z.  for  neglecting  to 
perform  his  official  duties  towards  Dr.  Shebbeare,  who 
was  condemned  to  stand  in  the  pillory  for  an  hour. 
"  Where  is  Shebbeare  ?    0  let  not  foul  reproach, 
Travelling  thither  in  a  citj'  coach, 
The  pilloiy  dare  to  name  ;  the  whole  intent 
Of  that  parade  was  fame,  not  punishment, 
And  that  old,  staunch  Whig,  Beardmore,  standing  by, 
Can,  in  full  court,  give  that  report  the  lie." 

Churchill,  The  Author,  1.  301. 
Dick  Swift  was  a  notorious  highwayman  and  burglar, 
who  was  twice  sentenced  to  transportation.     See   the 
Gentleman's  Magazine  for  1765,  pp.  144, 196,  197.  J 

SARDiiiriAisr  Stone.  —  I  find  in  some  letters 
written  by  an  ancestor  in  1740,  a  reference  to  a 
"  Sardinian  Stone,"  which  he  had  lent  to  some 
ladies,  and  from  which  they,  being  apparently  ill, 
had  derived  some  benefit.  What  is  this  stone, 
and  for  what  purpose  was  it  used  ? 

Qtjeectjbus. 

[The  Sardinian  Stone,  known  in  different  languages 
as  Carneol,  Sarder,  Cornalina,  Carnalina,  Corneolus, 
Carneolus,  Sardius  Lapis,  Sarda,  Cornaline,  &c.,  is 
simply  our  own  Cornelian,  formerly,  and  perhaps  more 
correctly,  spelt  also  Carnelian.  (See  Ash,  E7iglish  Diet., 
1775.)  It  was  supposed  to  possess  various  medicinal 
properties,  which  Zedler  details  under  "  Carneol,"  v.  898. 
The  purpose  for  which  the  Sardinian  stone  was  lent  hj 
our  correspondent's  ancestor  to  his  female  friends  was 
probablj'  peculiar  to  an  interesting  season — to  preserve 


and  benefit  the  expected  baby  ;  for  which  purpose  it  was 
to  be  worn  on  the  stomach.  ("  Auf  den  Bauch  gebunden, 
die  Frucht  erhalten  und  befordern  soil.")  The  stone  was 
also  used  as  a  remedy  against  hemorrhage,  diarrhoea,  and 
heartburn,  and  was  considered  not  amiss  against  witch- 
craft. In  the  more  modern  Materia  Medica  of  Pereira  it 
disappears.] 

Thomas  Milles,  Bishop  op  Waterford. — 
Can  you  give  me  information  respecting  the 
family  of  Thomas  Milles,  Bishop  of  Waterford 
and  Lismore,  who  was  born  in  Hertfordshire  and 
educated  at  Oxford  ?  He  was  author  of  several 
theological  works.  I  should  like  to  know  if  he 
was  ever  married ;  if  so,  what  issue  he  left,  and 
date  and  place  of  burial  ?  A.  H.  M. 

Campfield. 

[Thomas  Milles,  D.D.  (not  Mills,  as  sometimes  incor- 
rectly spelt)  was  born  at  his  father's  rectory,  Highclear, 
in  Hampshire.  He  was  a  graduate  at  Oxford,  where  he 
became  Regius  Professor  of  the  Greek  language.  In  1707 
he  attended  the  Earl  of  Pembroke,  Lord-Lieutenant,  into 
Ireland,  by  whose  influence  he  was  advanced  to  the  sees 
of  Waterford  and  Lismore,  and  was  consecrated  at  St. 
Patrick's,  Dublin,  on  April  18,  1708.  He  died  at  Water- 
ford on  May  13, 1740,  and  was  buried  in  the  cathedral. 
It  does  not  appear  that  he  was  ever  married,  for  he  left 
the  greater  part  of  his  fortune  to  his  nephew.  Dr.  Jere- 
miah Milles,  Dean  of  Exeter.] 

Eembrandt. — I  have  just  seen  a  fine  picture, 
said  to  be  the  work  of  this  great  artist ;  but  on 
close  examination  I  found  this  in  one  corner : 
"Rl.  1629."  The  biographies  of  artists  I  have 
looked  through  do  not  give  the  name  of  any  artist 
corresponding  with  this  monogram.  If  any  of 
your  readers  can  inform  me  of  the  name  of  the 
artist,  it  will  not  only  be  interesting  to  myself, 
but  also  to  others  who  take  any  interest  in  art. 

W.  B. 

Surrey. 

[The  monogram  is  one  used  by  Rembrandt,  and  occurs 
on  many  of  his  etchings.  The  date  also  suits  perfectly 
well,  as  Rembrandt  was  born  in  1606.] 

G,  M.  Woodward.  —  Can  you  give  me  any 
particulars  of  the  Woodward  who,  about  1790, 
published  A71  Eccentric  Excursion  in  England  and 
Wales  f  Are  copies  of  this  book  (coloured  or 
uncoloured  plates)  to  be  met  with  easily  ? 

H.  A.  E. 

[Ia  Bohn's  Lowndes  the  date  of  this  work  is  1796-8  ; 
but  the  only  copy  in  the  British  Museum  has  that  of  1807. 
It  is  entitled  Eccentric  Excursions,  or  Literary  and  Pic- 
torial Sketches  of  Countenance,  Character,  and  Country, 
in  different  parts  of  England  and  South  Wales,  inter- 
spersed with  curious  Anecdotes.  Embellished  [by  George 
Cruikshank]  with  upwards  of  one  hundred  Characteristic 
and  Illustrative  Prints.    By  G.  M.  Woodward.    London, 


118 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[3^-5  S.  XI.  Feb.  9,  '67. 


Published  by  Allen  &  Co.,  15,  Paternoster  Row,  1807, 4to. 
The  work  is  somewhat  rare. 

"  Woodward,"  says  William  Henry  Pyne,  "  was  one  of 
the  mirth-inspiring  school  of  art,  if  art  that  may  be 
called  which  did  out-Herod  Herod  in  these  whims,  and 
put  the  mask  on  caricature  itself.  No  one  like  him 
could  outrage  truth,  and  give  to  monsters  such  additional 
monstrosity,  and  yet  bewitch  the  imagination  into  laugh- 
ter, even  to  the  dubbing  of  these  wild  chimeras  with  the 
rank  and  title  of  humanity.  Yet,  shall  generations 
hence  of  sucking  babes,  when  long  past  their  teething, 
show  their  white  teeth,  and  grin  in  loud  concert  over  a 
folio  of  his  fun."  Poor  Woodward  himself  was  a  strange 
and  eccentric  character,  and  died  in  a  most  obscure  man- 
ner at  the  Bro\vn  Bear  in  Bow  Street,  Covent  Garden, 
where  he  lodged.] 


LUTE  AND  LUTEXIST. 
(S'^  S.  X.  414,  518.) 

"Will  your  correspondent  Me.  Johk  Hoskxxs- 
Abkahall,  Jtjn.  permit  me  to  ask  -where  lie  has 
found  such  unusual  mediaeval  Latin  for  a  lute  as 
"  lufana,  or  hitina"  ? 

He  states  that  the  English  word  "lutenist"  is 
derived  from  the  mediaeval  Latin  lutatiista,  and 
that  lutanista  comes  in  turn  from  lutana  and  lutina. 

Hitherto  the  generally  received  opinion  as  to 
one  diiierence  between  pure  and  medi?eval  Latin 
has  been,  that  when  words  were  wanting  in  the 
former,  because  they  expressed  things  unknown  to 
the  Romans — such  as  a  goxvn  (the  morning-gown 
opening  in  front,  in  contradistinction  to  the  toga), 
the  hde,  and  others — that  these  were  supplied  in 
the  middle  ages  by  giving  Latin  forms  and  Latin 
terminations  to  words  of  the  Celtic  or  Teutonic 
stock.  So  gwDia  has  been  supposed  to  be  de- 
rived from  gown  (unless  from  the  earlier  Anglo- 
Saxon  gin,  open,  or  ginan,  to  open  or  yawn)  and 
so  hdenista  from  lutenist.  It  would  be  indeed 
curious  if  your  correspondent  should  invert  this 
position. 

Again:  he  says,  in  "Old  Dutch  and  Middle 
High  German,  Kite."  Perhaps  he  will  add  his 
authorities  for  this,  and  for  his  rejection  of  htyt 
and  luyte,  which  appear  to  be  at  least  more  com- 
mon forms. 

It  would  be  no  bad  rule  for  ''  N.  k  Q.,"  if  every 
correspondent  tendering  definitions  should  be  re- 
quested to  give  at  the  same  time  his  reasons  or 
his  authorities.  Such  a  rule  would  have  saved 
the  space  these  queries  now  occupy.  Moreover, 
a  mere  dictum  upon  antiquarian  subjects  is  rarely 
satisfactory  to  inquirers. 

And  next,  as  to  the  supposed  root  of  the  word 
"lute'': — Your  correspondent  rejects  the  au- 
thority quoted  in  Richardson's  Dictionary,  viz. 
Wachter,  who  derives  the  German  name  of  the 


instrument  from  lauten,  sonare ;  and  adds :  "  In 
Anglo-Saxon  Mydan,  the  past  participle  of  which 
is  Mud  or  lud."  Mr.  Hoskyns-Abkahall  prefers 
to  "  run  the  word  to  earth  in  the  Arabic  al  hid, 
the  wood." 

I  think  your  readers  will  have  considerable 
hesitation  in  accepting  such  a  derivation  as  the 
last :  where  the  prefix  of  the  vowel  al,  for  "  the," 
and  the  sinking  of  the  hard  guttural  letter  aine 
(the  eighteenth  of  the  Arabic  alphabet)  before  ud, 
are  both  necessary  to  make  up  any  resemblance 
of  sound.  When  complete,  too,  what  does  it 
mean  ?  Is  it  a  name  peculiar  to  any  musical  in- 
strument ?  No  ;  according  to  Catafago,  it  means 
!  "  wood,  timber,  the  trunk  or  branch  of  a  tree,  a 
stafiT,  a  stick ;  the  Avood  of  aloes ;  a  lute  or  harp  " — 
in  fact  "  wood,"  or  an  instrument  made  of  wood. 

This  theory  has  been  broached  before,  and  it 
was  then  asserted  that  the  western  nations  bor- 
rowed the  instrument  at  some  undefined  period 
during  the  Crusades,  but  no  attempt  was  made  to 
prove  it.  I  omitted  even  to  take  a  note  of  the 
book,  for  it  struck  me  that  the  Crusade  story  was 
only  a  necessary  tag  to  the  derivation.  Perhaps 
it  was  first  guessed  because  musical  instruments 
with  long  necks  are  known  to  be  common  in  the 
East ;  but  they  were  also  common  in  the  West 
long  before  the  Crusades.  The  Anglo-Saxon 
cittern  is  a  case  in  point.  A  drawing  of  that  in- 
strument may  be  seen  in  the  Harleian  MS. 
No.  603  ;  andit  has  been  copied  in  Strutt's  Sports 
and  Pastimes,  and  recently  in  Wright's  History  of 
Domestic  Manners  and  Sentiments  (p.  34,  No.  25). 
Dr.  Bosworth,  in  his  Anglo-Saxon  Dictionary, 
gives  the  same  English  meaning  for  the  words 
]iear2}e  and  citcre,  translating  both  ''harp;"  but 
citere  means  cittern.  I  have  no  doubt  that  his  au- 
thority for  this  was  some  Anglo-Saxon  interlinea- 
tion of  a  Latin  Psalter :  for  in  them  psaltery  is 
sometimes  glossed  by  hearpe,  and  then  cythara  by 
citre  or  citere.  So,  for  instance,  I  found  it  in  the 
Lindisfarne  Psalter  of  the  end  of  the  seventh  or 
commencement  of  the  eighth  century  (Cotton  MS., 
Vespasian  A.  l).  This  does  not,  hov.'ever, prove  that 
the  instruments  were  one  and  the  same — indeed, 
cetera  and  cctra  remained  in  the  Italian  language 
to  express  the  English  cittern  down  to  the  last 
century.  "  Fu  la  cetera  usata  prima  tra  gli  In- 
glesi,"  says  Galilei,  in  his  Dialogo  della  Iltisica 
anticha  e  Moderna,  1581.  In  Junius' s  Notnencla- 
tor  Englished  hy  Higins,  1585,  "  Cithara  "  is  ren- 
dered by  ''  a  lute,  a  cytterne,  or  gitterne."  The 
difference  between  citterne  and  gittern  was  that 
the  first  was  strung  wij;h  wire,  and  the  latter,  like 
the  lute,  with  catgut.  Harps  of  gut  and  wire 
were  both  used  by  "the  English.  That  is  proved, 
not  merely  by  drawings  of  the  instruments,  but 
by  such  passages  as  — 

"  Ant  toggen  o  the  harpe 
With  is  nayles  sharpe  " 


3'«  S.  XI.  Feb.  9,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


119 


in  the  romance  of  ChildnHorn,  proving  wire  strings; 
and  ''fibras  tetendit"  in  tlie  Gesta  Hericardi 
6'cLVoms,  proving  gut. 

The  distinguishing  features  of  the  lute  were  the 
long  necli  and  the  shape  of  the  body.  The  latter 
may  be  likened  to  a  pear  cut  in  half  from  the 
stalk  to  the  crown.  This,  too,  is  the  shape  of  the 
Anglo-Saxon  Jiiiel  or  Ji'dele,  as  may  be  seen  by 
any  one  who  will  compare  the  drawing  of  such  a 
fiddle  in  the  Cotton  MS.,  Tiberius,  C.  vi.,  or  the 
copies  which  have  been  made  from  it  by  Strutt, 
and,  with  particular  care  as  to  the  instrument,  in 
my  Pojndar  Music  of  the  Olden  Time,  p.  761. 

It  does  not  surely  then  require  any  great  stretch 
of  the  imagination  to  suppose  that,  by  giving  a 
long  neck  to  the  fiddle,  and  playing  on  it  with  the 
fingers  instead  of  a  bow  (just  as  they  did  upon 
the  cittern),  the  English,  or  some  one  familiar 
with  these  instruments,  should  have  formed  a 
lute.  Boethius  was  the  great  authority  for  music 
in  the  middle  ages,  and  the  notes  of  the  scale 
were  then  measured  on  the  monochord,  which 
alone  must  have  taught  every  one  the  uses  of  a  long- 
neck.  The  Lindisfarne  Psalter  proves  that  the 
long-necked  cittern  is  anterior  to  the  first  conquests 
of  Spain  by  the  Arabs.  "NVm.  Chappell. 

Sunninchill,  Berks. 


DUTCH  AND  OTHER  LAXGUAGES :  THE  IRISH 
LANGUAGE. 
(3"i  S.  xi.  25.) 

Many  young  students  of  languages  must  fee 
grateful  to  Mk.  Walter  "\V.  Skeat  for  the  list  he 
has  supplied  of  elementary  books  (the  least  ex- 
pensive that  can  be  obtained)  "  for  those  about  to 
begin  (to  learn)  a  new  language."  In  this  list 
are  included,  and  very  properly,  Moeso-Gothic, 
Welsh,  and  Icelandic  manuals.  The  omission  of 
any  notice  of  elementary  works  on  the  Irish  lan- 
guage is,  to  say  the  least  of  it,  strange ;  and  the 
more  so  as  I  conclude,  from  the  extent  of  his 
lingual  pursuits,  Mr.  Skeax  must  be  a  philologist, 
and  aware  of  how  much  the  English  language 
and  far  older  languages  owe  to  the  Keltic— of 
which,  it  is  admitted  by  the  most  competent 
authorities,  the  Irish  is  the  oldest,  purest,  and 
most  classic  dialect,  and  the  richest  in  olden  lite- 
rary treasures  of  any  spoken  in  the  British  Isles. 
I  am  the  more  anxious  that  this  omission  should 
be  supplied,  as  "a  reaction  in  favour  of  the  Irish 
language  is  of  late  fast  gaining  ground  among  the 
higher  and  more  enlightened  classes  at  home;" 
and  the  patriotic  liberal  enterprise  of  ''  The  Irish 
Archa3ological  and  Celtic  Society,"  "The  Kil- 
kenny and  South-east  of  Ireland  Archceological 
Society,"  "  The  Ossianic  Society,"  and  "  The  Keat- 
ing Society,"  are  giving  to  the  public  those  valu- 


able Irish  manuscripts  the  existence  of  v.'hich, 
until  very  recently,  was  known  to  very  very  few. 
The  recognition  of  the  value  of  the  Irish  language 
to  the  philologist,  ethnologist,  and  antiquary, 
by  such  eminent  scholars  as  Pelloutier,  Peyron, 
Leibnitz,  Pictet,  Bopp,  Mone,  Garnett,  Latham, 
Murray,  the  Grimms,  Zeuss,  Newman,  Todd,  and 
Mac  Hale,  is  enough  to  rescue  it  from  neglect,  to 
vindicate  its  primitive  character,  and  to  dis- 
tinguish it  as  the  fount  whose  rivulets  have  con- 
tributed to  fertilise  many  tongues  ancient  and 
modern. 

In  a  former  paper  (3'^  S.  vii.  345)  I  gave  a  list 
of  Irish  grammars  ;  but  shall  now  restrict  myself 
to  naming  a  few  works  introductory  to  the  Irish 
language,  with  which  I  propose  to  supplement 
Mr.  Skeat's  list.     They  are  — 

1.  Bourke's  Irish  Grammar.  This  work  in  a 
few  years  (since  1856)  has  reached  a  third  edition. 

2.  Bourke's  Easy  Lessons  iu  Irish.  On  the 
plan  of  Ahn's  Grammar. 

3.  O'Reilly's  Irish-English  Dictionary.  Last 
edition,  with  Professor  O'Donovan's  Supplement. 

4.  Folej-'s  English-Irish  Dictionary.  For  the 
use  of  students  iu  the  Irish  language. 

J.  Eugene  O'Cavanagh. 
Lime  Cottage,  Walworth  Common. 


BETTING. 
(3'-iS.  X.  448,  515;  xi.  66.) 
Although  instances  of  wagers  occur  here  and 
there  in  Greek  as  well  as  in  Latin  authors,  we  find 
in  the  classics  scarcely  a  trace  of  any  but  even  bets. 
There  were  wagers  in  classic  days,  no  doubt;  but, 
so  far  as  we  can  ascertain,  there  was  nothing  that 
exactly  corresponds  to  what  we  now  call  giving 
or  taking  the  odds, — two  to  one,  five  to  four,  &c. 
Your  correspondent  A.  A.,  therefore,  very  natu- 
rally inquires  respecting  the  earliest  mention  of  a 
calculation  of  odds.  But  though  nothing,  or  next 
to  nothing,  is  to  be  learnt  upon  this  subject  in  the 
records  of  Greece  and  Rome,  scmiething  that 
bears  upon  it  may  yet  be  traced  in  old  Teutonic 
lore — that  venerable  source  from  which  we  derive 
so  much.  Jacob  Grimm,  in  his  Dndxhes  Hechfs 
Alterthv.iner,  1828,  p.  621,  treating  on  the  subject 
of  betting  (Wette),  says  expressly,  "  It  was  not 
requisite  that  both  parties  should  stake  the  same 
amount ;  one  might  bet  higher,  the  other  lower," 
which  comes  very  near  to  our  idea  of  odds.  ("  Es 
war  uicht  uothig,  das  beide  Theilo  dasselbe  setzten, 
eiuer  diirfte  hijheres,  der  andei'e  geringeres  ver- 
wetten.")  And  of  this  he  adds  a  droll  example — 
''  Playing  at  chess  with  the  Queen,  Morolf  staked 
his  head,  against  which  she  staked  30  golden 
marks."  Odds,  and  great  odds,  if  a  man's  head  is 
to  be  taken  at  his  own  appraisement ! 

It  is  remarkable   that,   as  bearing   upon   this 


120 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[S'd  S.  XI.  Feb.  9,  '67. 


subject  of  the  uneven  wagers  of  the  ancient 
Germans  ("  eine  hierher  gehorige  Stella  "),  Grimm 
cites  from  Tacitus  (Germ.  24)  a  passage  in  which 
the  historian  states  that  the  Germans,  in  dicing, 
when  they  had  lost  all  beside,  would  stake  on  a 
last  throw  their  own  personal  freedom.  ''  Aleam, 
quod  mirere,  sobrii  inter  seria  exercent,  tanta  lu- 
crandi  perdendive  temeritate,  ut,  cum  omnia  de- 
fecerunt,  estremo  ac  novissimo  jactu  de  libertate 
et  de  corpore  contendant."  Some  persons,  how- 
ever, may  think  that  this  is  not  quite  a  case  in 
point.  The  broken  gamester  staked  his  own  per- 
son and  liberty,  not  so  much  as  offering  odds,  but 
rather  as  having  nothing  to  offer  besides. 

So  far  as  regards  the  use  of  the  te^-m,  the  word 
''  odds  "  seems  to  have  [passed  into  its  present 
meaning  in  connexion  with  betting  very  gradually 
indeed.  "Oddes,"  with  Cotgrave,  1650,  was 
"Noise,  debat,  estrif,  contention";  "to  fall  at 
oddes,  noiser,"  Odds,  in  Littleton,  1678,  was 
"  Lites,  inimicitise " ;  odds,  in  Bailey,  even  so 
late  as  1736,  ''difference,  disparitj^,  advantage." 
Neither  of  these  lexicographers  comes  any  nearer 
than  this  to  our  present  idea  of  odds,  as  connected 
vrith  a  bet  not  even.  Yet  Prince  John  in  Shak- 
spere,  2  Hm.  IV.  Act  V.  Sc.  5,  offers  to  "lay 
odds,"  plainly  iatending  a  bet ;  and  from  Shak- 
spere  downwards  similar  authorities  for  the  use 
of  the  word  (in  South,  Swift,  &c.)  are  not  far  to 


thereon  pawn  the  moiety  of  my  estate  to  your 
ring,  which,  in  my  opinion,  overvalues  it  something" 

SCHIN. 


Neither  are  we  at  a  loss  for  repeated  recogni- 
tion of  the  practice  of  uneven  wagers,  or  betting 
the  odds,  any  more  than  for  the  use  of  the  word 
itself  in  a  betting  sense.  An  instance  has  already 
been  given  from  an  Italian  writer  of  the  sixteenth 
century  ("N.  &  Q.,"  x.  515),  where  Luc'  Antonio 
bets  Fabricio  100  ducats  to  50,  or  2  to  1.  Again, 
in  the  well-known  epitaph  on  IMister  Combe,  by 
some  attributed  to  Shakspere,  the  writer,  whoever 
he  was,  ventures  100  to  10,  or  10  to  1 :  — 

"  Ten  in  the  hundred  lies  here  ingraved  ; 
'Tis  a  hundred  to  ten  his  soul  is  not  sav'd." 

And  be  it  remembered,  even  if  the  question  of 
authorship  remains  imdecided,  it  is  at  any  rate 
certain  that  similar  lines  appeared  in  print  during 
Shakspere's  lifetime.  The  King's  alleged  bet  in 
Satnlet,  on  the  fencing  of  Hamlet  with  Laertes 
(Act  V.  Sc.  2),  sLx  Barbary  horses  against  six 
French  rapiers  vtdth  their  appendages,  is  possibly 
to  be  taken  as  a  mere  pretence,  or  it  may  have 
been  designed  as  an  even  bet ;  but  it  looks  more 
like  staking  a  greater  value  against  a  less,  which 
comes  to  the  same  thing  as  giving  odds.  And 
though  the  wager  in  Cymheline  (Act  I.  Sc.  5) 
between  lachimo  and  Posthumus  appears  ulti- 
mately to  assume  the  form  of  an  even  bet — "  I 
will  wage  against  your  gold  gold  to  it" — yet 
lachimo  offers  iu  the  first  instance  what  he  con- 
siders a  laro-er  stake  ag'ainst  a  smaller: — "I  dare 


The  following  passages,  quoted  in  Liddell  and 
Scott,  s.  V.  irepiSiSoixai,  vdll  perhaps  assist  in  the 
inquiry :  — 

1.  Homer,  Iliad,  xxiii.  485.  Ajax  and  Idome- 
neus  wager  a  tripod. 

2.  Homer,  Odt/ss.,  xxiii.  78.  Eurycleia  wagers  her 
life  to  Penelope  that  Ulysses  has  returned. 

3.  Aristoph.  Ho.,  791;  Ach.,  772,  1115;  Nub., 
644. 

As  parallels,  Mitchell  quotes  the  passages  from 
Homer  in  his  note  on  Ach.  1013  (ed.  sues). 

P.  J.  F.  Gajjtillou". 


BATTLE  OF  BAUGE.  AND  THE  CAEMICHAELS 

OF  THAT  ILK. 

(3'-'»  S.  X.  335,  498.) 

J.  K.  0.  is  totally  wrong  in  asserting  that,  at 
the  period  of  the  battle  of  Bauge,  1421  or  1422, 
the  Carmichaels  of  that  Ilk  in  Lanarkshire  were 
represented  by  a  Sir  William.  We  have  a  WU- 
liam  Carmichael  in  1410,  and  his  grandson  of  the 
same  name  in  1437 ;  but  in  the  interval  there  is 
John,  the  son  of  the  former  and  the  father  of  the 
latter,  and  he  it  is  who  claims  the  honour  of 
having  tamed  the  crest  of  Clarence's  Plantagenet, 
while  there  can  be  no  doubt  that  his  arms  strongly 
support  his  claim.  To  say  nothing  of  the  crest 
with  the  broken  spear,  you  have  the  shield  itself, 
with  the  fess  tortile,  azure  and  gules.  Does  not 
this  represent  the  wreath,  or,  to  use  the  French 
term,  tourtile,  worn  by  the  duke  on  his  helmet  ? 
The  wreath  was  always  composed  of  the  two 
principal  tinctures  in  the  paternal  shield.  Now, 
Thomas  Duke  of  Clarence  carried  as  his  arms 
France  and  England,  quarterly,  with  a  label  of 
three  points  ermine,  each  charged  with  a  canton 
gules  for  Clare.  Consequently  his  wreath  was 
composed  of  the  azure  of  France  and  the  gules  of 
England. 

Knowing  the  crowded  state  of  the  columns  of 
"N.  &  Q."  at  this  season,  I  abstain  at  present 
from  entering  on  the  discussion  of  the  pedigree  of 
the  Carmichaels  of  Meadowflat,  who  were  the 
hereditary  keepers  of  the  royal  castle  of  Craw- 
ford, but  could  never,  in  strict  language,  be  de- 
scribed as  of  Castle  Crawford.  I  should,  how- 
ever, be  glad  to  learn  where  J.  R.  C.  finds  the 
Charters  of  1417, 1420,  and  1427,  and  the  notarial 
instrument  of  1420  to  which  he  refers,  as  I  should 
wish  to  consult  them  in  extenso. 

I  may  add,  that  although,  for  the  reasons  stated 
above,  t  claim  for  Sir  John  Carmichael  the  honour 
of  taming  the  crest  of  Clarence's  Plantagenet,  I  by 


S'd  S.  XI.  PiHB.  9,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


121 


no  means  deny  that  of  the  Earl  of  Buchan  and  Sir 
John  Swinton  to  have  shared  in  the  exploit.  At  the 
time  of  the  battle  of  Bauge,  the  conspicuous  crest 
or  arms  of  a  leader  on  the  one  side  was  sure  to  attract 
the  attention  of  the  most  adventurous  knights  on 
the  other,  as  witness  the  charge  of  Bohun  on  the 
Bruce  at  Bannockburn.  In  fact,  during  the  days 
when  the  leaders  were  as  much  individual  knights 
as  generals,  their  distinguishing  cognizance  was  as 
much  the  guidon  of  their  followers  as  flags  or 
standarts  were  at  a  later  period.  Thus  Macaulay 
puts  into  the  mouth,  of  Henry  IV.  of  France  the 
stirring  words  — 

"  Press    where  you    see  my  white  plume  shine  amidst 
the  ranks  of  war. 
And  be  your  oriflamme  to-day  the  helmet  of  Navarre." 

Nothing  therefore  can  be  more  probable  than 
that  at  the  battle  of  Bauge  the  splendid  crest  of 
Plantagenet  should  have  drawn  upon  its  wearer  the 
attacks  of  Sir  John  de  Carmichael,  Sir  William 
de  Swinton  and  the  Earl  of  Buchan,  and  that 
Clarence's  overthrow  should  be  attributed  to  all 
three  in  the  manner  described  by  Michel. 

Geokge  Vere  Ikving. 


GLASGOW. 


(S'-d  S.  X.  3.30,  361,  397,  457;  xi.  42.) 
Amongst  the  variety  of  opinions  expressed  re- 
garding the  second  syllable  of  this  word,  it  may 
be  interesting  to  quote  the  explanation  given  by 
Chalmers  in  his  Caledonia.  In  allusion  to  Glas- 
gow, he  wiites :  — 

"  Under  the  expressions  of  gau  and  go,  the  erudite 
Bryant  infomis  us  that  the  cau,  ca,  and  co,  signify  a 
house  or  temple  ;  also,  a  cave  or  hollow,  near  which  the 
temple  of  the  deity  was  founded.  Some  nations  used  it 
in  a  more  extended  sense,  and  by  it  denoted  a  town, 
or  vUlage,  or  any  habitation  at  large.  It  is  found  in  this 
acceptation  among  the  ancient  Celtas  and  Germans  :  hence 
Brisgau,  Nordgau,  Turgoit?,  ^^^estergow,  Odstergow;*  and 
in  Scotland,  Glasgow,  Lithgoey — and  hence,  Glasgow  may 
be  the  green  hollow,  habitation,  village,  or  town." — 
Caledonia,  iii.  612 ;  vide  also  pp.  601,  663. 

And  again,  p.  608 :  — • 

"  Glasgow  is  often  called  bj^  the  Gaelic  highlanders 
Glas-ach,  signifying  green  field ;  and  Glas-gae  would  be 
the  same  in  the  ancient  British  :  so  Ard-gay,  near  Elgin, 
or  Ard-gae,  is  high  field.  Glas-gue  would  refer  to  the 
green  of  Glasgow.  By  substituting,  however,  C  for  G, 
and  spelling  the  words  according  to  the  Gaelic  pronuncia- 
tion, we  should  have  Clais-gku,  the  black  or  dark  ravine : 
alluding  to  the  gloomy  glen  which  is  formed  by  the 
stream  that  runs  by  the  east  end  of  the  high  church,  the 
original  site  of  this  celebrated  city.  C  and  G  are  uttered 
by  the  same  organ,  as  we  may  learn  from  the  Gaelic 
scholars." 

To   his  account   of    Lesmahagow,   where  the 


origin  of  the  name  is  traced  to  its  coimectiou  with 
St.  Machute,  a  note  is  appended :  — 

"  In  a  great  number  of  charters,  from  the  twelfth  cen- 
tury till  the  epoch  of  the  Eeformation,  the  name  of  the 
place  appears  in  the  form  of  Lesmachute  ;  but  in  others,  it 
has  the  form  of  Lesmahagu.  In  those  charters  the  name 
of  the  saint  is,  uniformly.  Saint  Ilachute ;  but  in  the 
popular  language  he  was  usually  called  St.  Mahagu."  * 

And  in  regard  to  the  relics  of  the  saint  — 
"  James  V.  having  obtained  a  bone  of  Saint  Mahago, 
expended  nearly  201.  for  having  it  enchased  in  silver,  gUt, 
by  John  Mosman,  a  goldsmith  in  Edinburgh." — Trea- 
surers' Accounts,  October  9,  1540,  Ibid.,  p.  640. 

I  also  enclose  a  passage  from  Camerarius,  quoted 
in  the  Preface  to  the  Mass  for  the  feast  of  St. 
Mungo  {Maitland  Cluh  Misc.,  vol.  iv.  pt.  i.  p.  11), 
bearing  upon  Mk.  Rakken's  reference  to  Chris- 
topher Irvin :  — 

"  Porro  hoc  adeo  celebre  fuit  miraculum  ut  nequando 
excidere  posset  eius  memoria,  ipsi  ciuitati  illi  (quse  antea 
alio  yocabatur  nomine)  Glascu  (quae  vox  hipum  et  ceruum 
significat)  indiderint,  sitque  in  hodiemum  diem  ciuitatis 
illius  nomen  Glasgua."  f 

In  this  preface  the  "  diverse  miracles  whereof 
some  gave  ormes,  and  others  gave  the  name 
Glascow  to  that  city,"  will  be  foimd  narrated  at 
length.  W.  B.  A.  G. 


*  Brvant's  Mythology, 
ment,  198. 


-117;    Holwell's  Abridg- 


TOADS :  THE  OLD  AKMS  OF  FRANCE. 
(3^1  S.  X.  372,  476.) 

Whatever  may  be  the  actual  facts  as  to  the 
date  of  the  assumption  by  the  kings  of  France  of 
the  three  Jieur-de-lys,  I  think  that  the  early  chro- 
niclers are  pretty  imanimous  in  ascribing  them  to 
Clovis, 

In  ih.QA3tnales  et  Chroniques  de  France  by  Nicole 
Gilles  is  an  entertaining  chapter  on  the  subject. 
Clovis  the  pagan,  hard  pressed  in  battle  with  the 
Germans,  prays  to  the  God  of  his  Christian  wife 
Clotilde,  and  vows  to  ser\^e  Him  if  he  will  deliver 
him  from  peril.  After  the  victory  he  makes  ar- 
rangements for  being  baptized  by  the  Archbishop 
of  Rheims.  As  he  stands  naked  in  the  font,  the 
crowd  presses  round  him,  and  prevents  the  priest 
who  bears  the  holy  oil  from  reaching  him  — 
"  Et  demouroit  le  roy  tout  nud  dedans  le  fons  trop  lon- 
guement,  dont  il  estoit  aucunement  vergongneux,  de  se 
veoir  nud  entre  tant  de  peuple,  aduint,  ainsi  qu'on  trouve 
es  histoires  de  France,  qu'un  coulomb  blanc  descendit,  et 
apporta  visiblement  deuant  tons  en  son  bee,  une  AmpoUe, 
plaine  de  liqueur  celestielle,  de  laquelle  lu_v  et  ses  suc- 
cesseurs  roys  de  France  out  depuis  este  oingtz  et  sa- 
crez,"  kSrc. 

Then  follows  the  story  of  the  Hermit,  to  whom 
an  angel  appeared,  telling  him  that  Clovis  must 


*  St.  Mungo  is  also  called  St.  Munghu,  p.  614. 
t  Davidis    Camererii   Be   Scotorvm  Fortitvdine  Doc- 
trina  et  Pietate  Libri  Quatuor,  p.  82. 


122 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[3»d  S.  XI.  Feb.  9,  '67. 


efface  the  three  toads,  or  three  crescents,  from  his 
shield,  and  cover  it  with  fleur-de-hjs  (seme  tout  de 
fleur-de-lys  d"or).     The  holy  man  tells  his  tale  to 
Clotilde,  \vho  has  a  shield  made  in  accordance 
■with  the  instructions  of  the  angel,  and  sends  it  to  | 
her  lord,  who  is  warring  against  the  Saracen  near  j 
Pontoise  !     Victory  of  course  accompanies  the  new  i 
escutcheon,  and  the  iieur-de-lys  were  hencefor-  j 
ward  held  in  veneration.     For,  says  Gilles  — 
"  le  haut  fleuron  au  milieu,  signifie  la  saincte  foy  et  loy 
de  Jesus  Christ ;  et  les  deux"  de  moyenne  hauteur  qui 
sont  I'une  a  dextre,  et  Fautre  a  senestre,  signifient  sapi- 
ence et  noblesse,  lesquelz  sont  ordomiez  pour  soustenir, 
garJer  et  defiendre  le   haut   fleuron,   qui   est   entre  les  \ 
deux." 

Wisdom  is  to  perform  her  part  in  the  defence  of 
the  faith  by  the  arguments  and  skill  of  the  doctors 
and  clerks  of  the  university;  whilst  noblesse  is  to 
maintain  the  right  by  force  of  arms  in  the  person 
of  the  princes  and  nobles  of  the  realm. 

The  subject  of  the  baptism  of  Clovis  is  a 
favourite  one  with  the  miniature-painters  and 
wood-engravers  of  the  fifteenth  and  sixteenth  cen- 
turies, and  there  is  an  extremely  spirited  engrav- 
ing of  the  whole  history  above  related  in  the 
Toison  d:Or  of  Guillaume  de  Tournay  (fol.  Paris, 
1517). 

Pasquier,  in  his  Becherc'kes  de  France  (fol. 
Paris,  1621),  gives  it  as  his  opinion  that  in  the 
early  days  of  the  French  monarchy  each  king  and 
each  noble  bore  just  those  arms  which  seemed  to 
him  best ;  that  they  were  not  hereditary  or  per- 
manent in  their  character,  and  that  the  stories  of 
those  authors  who  say  that  the  arms  of  France 
were  at  one  time  three  toads,  at  another  three 
crowns,  at  another  three  crescents,  at  another  a  lion 
rampant,  holding  in  his  tail  an  eagle,  have  no  other 
foundation  than  what  may  be  foimd  in  the  fact 
that  some  king  bore  each  of  these  devices  as  his 
own  particular  badge,  just  as  Francis  I.  bore  a 
salamander.  Y\''hich  conclusion,  I  suppose,  modern 
writers  on  heraldrv  would  endorse.  That  the 
heraldic  fieur-de-ly's  was  quite  different  in  form 
from  the  fleur-de-lys  as  represented  in  ornamen- 
tation, ma}"-  be  gatliered  from  a  citation  given  by 
M.  de  Laborde  in  his  Glossary  of  Worlcs  of  Art — 
"  Pour  faire  et  forgier  une  cuillier  d'or,  dont  le  manche 
est  esquar telle'  AQfleurs  de  Us  d'armoierie  et  dejceurs  de  lis 
d'apres  le  vif,"  &c. 

In  all  probability  the  outline  of  the  early  fleur- 
de-lys  was  very  much  like  that  of  the  toad  "  dis- 
played," and  artistic  feeling  rather  than  religious 
scruple  or  angelic  admonition  led  to  the  substitu- 
tion of  the  flower  for  the  reptile. 

J.  Eliot  HoDGErN. 


Thomas  Lord  Croiiwell,  a  Sixger  axd 
Comedian  (3"'  S.  xi.  74.) — There  is  a  passage  in 
Foxe's  Acts  and  Monuments  (book  viii.,  ''History 
concerning  the  Life,  &c.,  of  Thomas  Cromwell,") 


which  is  of  value  in  reference  to  Me.  Payne 
Collier's  queries.  When  Cromwell  was  at 
Antwerp,  one  Geoffrey  ChamTiers  and  another 
arrived  there  on  their  way  to  Rome  to  procure 
from  the  Pope  (Julius  II.)  a  renewal  of  the  two 
pardons  belonging  to  Boston  in  Lincolnshire  ;  and 
persuaded  him  to  go  with  them  and  undertake 
the  business.     On  his  arrival  in  Rome  — 

"  Cromjvell began  to  think  with  himself  what 

to  devise  wherein  he  might  best  serve  the  Pope's  devo- 
tion. At  length  having  knowledge  how  that  the  Pope 
greatly  delighted  in  new-fangled  delicacies  and  dainty 
dishes,  it  came  into  his  mind  to  prepare  certain  fine 
dishes  of  jell}-,  after  the  best  English  fashion,  which  to  them 
of  Rome  was  not  known  nor  seen  before.  This  done, 
Cromwell  observing  his  time,  as  the  Pope  had  returned 
to  his  pavilion  from  hunting,  approached  with  his  Eng- 
lish presents  brought  in  with  a  suiu;  in  the  English  tongue, 
and  all  after  the  English  fashion.  The  Pope  suddenly 
marvelling  at  the  strangeness  of  the  song,  and  understand- 
ing that  they  were  Englishmen,  and  that  they  came  not 
emptj'-handed,  desired  them  to  be  called  in." 

Foxe  adds  that  the  Pope  was  greatly  pleased 
with  the  jelly,  asked  for  the  receipt,  and  then 
sealed  the  pardons.  It  was  the  song,  however, 
which  induced  the  Pope  to  admit  Cromwell  to  an 
audience  that  he  might  present  his  dainty  dishes, 
and  which  was  therefore  the  means  by  which  he 
obtained  the  favour  — 

"  Which  y,'an  much  licence  to  my  countrymen." 
For  this  line  doubtless  applies  to  the  pardons  (ac- 
cording to  Foxe  of  considerable  importance)  which 
the  Pope  renewed  to  Cromwell's  countrymen  at 
Boston,  not  to  any  privileges  for  the  English  then 
residing  in  Rome.  H.  P.  D, 

"  Othergates  "  (3'''*  S.  X.  446.) — The  word  in 
the  form  of  '•'  otherguess  "  is  to  be  found  in  Dib- 
din,  passim.     It   occurs   in   the   song  beginning, 
"  Come  all  hands  ahoy  for  the  anchor,"  — 
"  Oh  !  he'd  tell  an  otherguess  story,"  &c. 
It  occurs,  also,  in  the  Ingoldsbg  Legends,  by  Bar- 
ham, — 
"  You  may  deal  as  you  please  with  Hindoos  or  Chinese, 

Or  a  Mussulman  "inaking  his  heathen  salaam,  or 
A  Jew  or  a  Turk, 
But  it's  other  guess  work,"  &c. 

The  Lay  of  St.  Gengulphvs,  p.  241. 

It  occurs  in  nautical  stories,  but  is  in  few  of  the 
dictionaries. 

Otherguess  is  a  corruption  of  oihox-gates  (other- 
icays  or  other-?r/.sp),  which  occurs  once  in  Shake- 
speare's Tioelfth  Night,  Act  V.  Sc.  1).  P. 

"U.  P.  spells  Goslings"  (S-^-^  S.  xi.  57.)  — 
This  used  to  be  a  very  common  expression  in  my 
younger  days  in  Leeds  and  its  neighbourhood, 
and  is  still  used  there  with  the  same  sig-nification. 
The  term  however  should  be  goslings,  not  geslings. 
It  is  used  in  vulgar  parlance,  when  anything  is 
brought  to  an  end  or  a  hopeless  standstill,  and 
is  quite  appropriate  in  the  sense  in  which  it  is 
said  to  have  been  employed  by  Paley.     Although 


•  S'*  S.  XI.  Feh.  9,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUEEIES. 


123 


I  have  heard  it  used  a  great  many  times,  I  am 
not  able  to  explain  the  orioin  of  the  term,  and 
am  afraid  that  the  search  will  he  as  fruitless  as 
that  which  has  been  conducted  after  the  origin  of 
many  phrases  of  a  similar  kind,  and  which  are 
used  every  day,  and  have  a  meaning  well  under- 
stood by  those  who  use  them.  T.  B. 

Hoese-Chestxtjt,  why  so  called  (G"^  S.  xi. 
45.)  —  It  is  hardly  a  proper  time  of  the  year  for 
trying  the  experiment  which  your  correspondent 
W.  W.  proposes;  and  for  this  reason,  and,  I  must 
candidly  confess,  a  latent  suspicion  that  he  is 
seeking  to  impose  upon  my  credulity,  I  will  for 
the  present  decline  making  it.  But  in  justifica- 
tion of  my  assertion  that  the  word  horse,  when 
joined  to  any  substantive,  is  commonlj  used  to 
denote  what  is  large  and  coarse,  I  will  beg  to 
quote  Dr.  Johnson,  who  assigns  this  as  the  fifth 
signification  of  the  word :  — 

"  Joinerl  to  another  substantive,  it  signifies  something 
large  and  coarse,  as  a  horse-face,  a  face  the  features  of 
which  are  large  and  indelicate." 

So  far  the  great  lexicographer ;  and  for  examples 
we  may  take,  in  addition  to  the  two  or  three  1 
gave  before,  horse-crab,  horse-muscle,  horse -leech, 
horse-laugh,  horse-mint,  horse-play,  horse-cu- 
cumber, horse-radish,  &c. 

But,  after  all,  we  learn  from  Miller  the  true 
origin  of  the  name,  who  tells  us  in  his  Gardener's 
Dictionary,  tit.  "  Hippocastanum,"  that  — 
"  the  fruit  of  this  tree  is  very  bitter,  and  of  no  use 
amongst  us  at  present ;  but  in  Turkej'  they  give  them  to 
horses,  in  their  provender,  that  are  troubled  with  coughs 
or  arc  short-winded,  in  both  which  distempers  they  are 
supposed  to  be  very  good." 

Whether  horses  are  fond  of  them,  I  cannot  say ; 
cows  are  supposed  to  be  so,  but  they  do  not  iniT 
prove  the  milk.  W, 

Dial  iNSCKiPTioisrs  (3'''*  S.  xi.  3-3.)  —  Let  me 
add  one  placed  on  a  dial  at  Pisa,  which  seems 
worthy  recording :  — 

"  Vado,  et  vengo  ogni  giorno. 
Ma  tu  andrai  senza  ritorno." 

It  may  appear  bold  in  an  Englishman  to  criti- 
cise an  Italian  inscription  put  up  in  Italy,  but 
should  not  the  latter  line  be  read  — 

"  Ma  tu  m'  andrai  senza  ritorno  "  ? 

W. 

Salmon  anb  Apprentices  (3'^''  S.  viii.  234.)  — 
How  far  will  the  following  authorities  go  towards 
earning  the  reward  offered  by  the  editor  of  the 
Worcester  Herald?  In  the  Neio  Statistical  Ac- 
count of  Scotland,  art.  ''  Ayr,"  it  is  stated  that  in 
the  ordinances  drawn  up  for  the  regulation  of  the 
poor-house  at  Ayr,  in  1751,  it  is  directed  that 
the  inmates  should  be  compelled  to  dine  off  sal- 
mon twice  in  the  week.  In  Francke's  Northern 
Memorial  (1670),  in  speaking  of  Stirling,  it  was 


stated  that  so  many  salmon  were  caught  in 
the  Forth,  that  the  servants  insisted  upon  their 
masters  observing  the  old  statute  which  forbad 
them  to  consume  such  food  in  their  household 
more  than  thrice  in  the  week.  Fuller,  under  the 
title  "  Hereford,"  wrote  that  "  servants  indent 
with  their  masters  not  to  eat  salmon  more  than 
three  times  per  week." 

The  second  and  third  authorities  are  valuable, 
as  being  in  existence  "  ante  litem  motam." 

I  looked  in  vain  for  the  ancient  Scottish  statute. 
Perhaps  some  more  fortunate  inquirer  can  find  it. 
Perhaps  also  some  correspondent  at  Ayr  can  see 
the  poor-house  regulations,  and  inform  us  whe- 
ther they  are  as  represented  above. 

J.  Wilkins,  B.C.L. 

Cuddington,  Aylesbury. 

QroTATioN  FROM  HoMER  (3"' S.  xi.  24.)— Your 
correspondent  Schin  misquotes  the  second  line 
from  //.  ix.  313  — 

"Os  x'  eTepof  iiev  KevBrj  ivl  (ppearlv,  &Wo  5e  «rj?, — 
which  should,  of  course,  be  — 

"Oy  X   iTepov  fxkv  Kivdet  eVl  (ppecrlv,  IxWo  Se  ;8ofei. 

■  w. 

[This  is  a  case  of  various  reading,  not  of  misquotation ; 
the  line  having  been  taken  by  ScrnN  from  Heyne's  Iliad, 
a  tolerably  good  authority. 

A  satisfactory  account  of  Heyne's  reading,  elirri  for 
Pd^et,  will  be  found  under  pd^u  in  Eost's  ed.  of  Duncan's 
(originall)'  Damm's)  Lexicon.  The  reading  fidget  was 
introduced  by  Tumebus ;  but  elirr;  was  restored  by  AYol- 
fius,  from  the  best  authorities.  Keve-ri  for  Kevdst  is  the 
manuscript  reading,  and  no  misquotation. 

Heyne's  reasons  for  editing  the  line  as  cited  by  Schin 
may  seen  in  vol.  v.  of  his  great  work,  1802,  p.  591.  Thej^ 
were  approved,  as  he  remarks,  by  Bentley. 

We  regret  the  accidental  misprint  of  cttj?  for  e^Tjj  at  p. 
24.— Ed.] 

Clinton's  Chronology  (3'^  S.  xi.  34.)  —  The 
passage  is  in  the  third  column  of  The  Times  of 
Thursday,  November  3,  1859,  in  the  article  "The 
School  of  the  Prophets,"  a  review  of  Elliott's 
HorcB  Apocalyptica ,  Lord  Carlisle's  remarks  on 
the  eighth  chapter  of  the  Book  of  Daniel,  and 
Dr.  Cumming's  "  The  Great  Tribulation  " :  — 

"  Have  these  6000  j^ears  nearly  run  out  ?  According 
to  vulgar  chronology  they  are  short  of  their  end  by 
at  least  140  j^ears.  liut  Fynes  Clinton,  followed  by  others, 
has  proved  to  demonstration  that  there  is  a  mistake  in 
the  vulgar  era,  and  that  the  birth  of  Christ  must  conse- 
quenth'  be  put  forward  to  the  j'ear  of  the  world,  or  Anno 
Mundi  4132.  This  is  really  brought  out  with  immense 
force,  and  in  all  likelihood  it  is  correct.  If  so,  we  are 
again  brought  down  to  1867.  .  .  .  Dr.  Gumming 
quotes  in  his  chapter  of  '  The  Great  Tribulation,'  headed 
1867,  an  array  of  names  who  concur  Avith  him  in  looking 
forward  to  1867  as  a  great  crisis,  intersected  by  the 
various  lines  of  prophetic  dates." 

H.A.  B. 

Mtjltrooshill  (3"*  S.  x.  494.) — Although  un- 
able to  identify  this  locality,  I  may  state  that 


124 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[S'd  S.  XI.  Feb.  9,  '67. 


tlie  original  form  of  the  name  most  prolsably  was 
Mvlhireshill,  from  multure,  the  old  term  hj  which 
the  miller's  fee  for  grinding  corn  was  designated. 
This  word  is  not  unfrequently  employed  as  a 
compound  in  local  names :  e.  g.  Multurscheaf,  co. 
Forfar ;  Mnltourhous,  co.  Kirkcudbright ;  Mul- 
towye,  CO.  Sutherland ;  Multibrughe,  co.  Wigton. 
W.  B.  A.  G. 

TAifCEEDS  OF  Whixlet  (S'^  S.  X.  450.)  —  I 
believe  there  is  some  account  of  the  Tancreds  in 
Gill's  Vallis  Ebor. — but  I  have  not  the  work  by 
me — and  as  well  as  in  one  or  two  of  Mr.  Grainge's 
■works.  Eboractjm:. 

IirsrEEAEEES  OP  Edwaed  I.  AjSd  Edwakd  II. 
(3"^  S.  xi.  29,  8.3.)  — I  see  nothing  whatever  to 
retract  in  my  remarks  on  jNIt.  Hartshome's  "  Itin- 
eraries." I  had  not  the  pleasure  of  that  gentle- 
man's acquaintance,  nor  yet  Mr.  Pettigrew's, 
whose  name  I  never  mentioned ;  and  I  never 
saw  these  Itineraries  until  shortly  before  Christ- 
mas, so  that  I  think  Mr.  Ievixg's  imputation  of 
acrimony  and  personal  feeling  is  singularly  mis- 
placed. I  am  not  going  to  make  a  battle-field  of 
"  N.  &  Q.,"  but  I  most  distinctly  decline  to  take 
away  from  what  I  have  said  upon  the  question. 
The  division  of  the  regnal  yeai's  in  these  Itine- 
raries is,  I  repeat,  incorrect,  grossly  incorrect,  not 
merely  in  one  year,  but  throughout  5  and  I  have  a 
perfect  right  to  mak:e  this  assertion.  If,  through- 
out a  series  of  tables,  years,  whether  regnal  or 
otherwise,  are  made  to  commence  wi-ongly,  they 
must  also  of  necessity  end  wrongly ;  and  so  the 
defect  is  doubled.  The  regnal  years  of  the  Eng- 
lish kings  were  settled  for  once  and  for  good  by 
Sir  Harris  Nicolas  years  ago  ;  and  if  his  rules  are 
departed  from,  all  chronological  accuracy  ceases. 
For  some  reason,  which,  as  jMe.  Ievikg  truly 
says,  "cannot  now  be  explained,"  Mr,  Hartshorne 
adopted  a  course  of  his  own,  which  possibly  may 
satisfy  a  superficial  student  of  English  history; 
but  certainly,  when  dates  are  in  question,  I  am 
entitled  to  ask.  Why  should  any  one  go  out  of  his 
way  to  confuse  them  ?  If  these  tables  had  been 
published  in  the  last  century,  I  would  not  have 
said  a  word  about  them;  but  all  things  are 
changed  now,  and  we  have  a  right  to  expect  that 
those  gentlemen  who  are  admitted  with  the  ut- 
most liberality  to  the  free  use  of  the  Public 
Records,  shall  at  the  least  refrain  from  garbling 
the  contents  of  those  Records,  and  putting  them 
into  such  a  shape,  that  if  their  fathers  could  rise 
from  the  dead  and  behold  their  disfigured  children, 
they  would  often  scarcely  recognise  them.  With 
all  deference  to  Me.  Ievixg,  this  is  not  acrimony, 
but  truth,  bare  and  naked  truth. 

W.  H.  Haet,  F.S.A. 

A  Paie   of  States   (3"J  S.  x.  393,  456;   xi. 
46.)  —  Can  any  of  your  coiTespondents  find  any 


instance  in  which  a  winding  or  a  geometrical  stair- 
case is  called  apaii-  ?  Two  pistols  are  called  so ;  but 
a  double-barreled  pistol,  which  is  as  much  a  set  as 
any  staircase  in  two  flights,  is  never  called  a  pair. 
I  omitted  to  notice  the  pair  of  bagpipes.  This 
may  justly  be  called  so,  as  there  are  tico  pipes, 
the  drone  and  the  chanter,  besides  the  bag.  A 
set  of  chessmen  may  well  be  called  a  pa?'/-,  as 
there  are  in  fact  tico  sets,  the  black  and  the  white. 
A  pair  of  cards,  in  all  probability,  was  the  old- 
fashioned  case  containing  two  packs,  used  alter- 
nately as  they  are  now-a-days.  These  cases  were 
of  stamped  leather,  and  had  a  division  to  prevent 
the  mixing  of  the  sets.  As  I  remember,  the  single 
pack  was  called  a  sheaf  of  cards.  I  would  once 
more  ask,  is  there  any  instance  where  any  article 
is  called  a  pair  that  has  not  a  duality  about  it  ? 

A.  A. 
Poets'  Comer. 

Shakspeaeiaxa  (3''''  S.  xi.  32.)  —  Apposite  to 
J.  L.'s  interesting  Gaelic  quotation  is  the  passage 
in  Samlet,  Act  I.  Sc.  2  :  — 

"  Thrift,  thrift,  Horatio  !  the  funeral  baked  meats 
Did  coldly  furnish  forth  the  marriage  tables." 

In  Massinger's  Old  Laic  there  is  a  like  pas- 
sage :  — 

"Besides  there  TriU  be  charges  saved  too;  the  same 
rosemary  that  serves  for  the  funeral  vdW  serve  for  the 
wedding." — Old  Laic,  Act  IV.  Sc.  I. 

John  Addis,  Jtjx. 
Rustington,  Littlehampton,  Sussex. 

BoLEY,  RocHESTEE  (3'''' S.  X.  473.) — In  reply 
to  your  correspondent  in  "N.  &  Q.,"  respecting 
the  election  of  a  "  Baron  of  Bully,"  I  beg  to  in- 
form him  that  the  custom  is  long  ago  numbered 
with  the  dead.  When  discontinued,  I  am  at  a 
loss  to  detei'mine  ;  but  so  long  as  half  a  century 
back,  no  such  title  was  recognised  here.  It  is 
true,  there  still  remained  a  large  elm  tree  on 
Boley  Hill,  beneath  which  the  mayor,  attended 
by  the  officers  of  the  corporation,  always  as- 
sembled to  issue  royal  proclamations,  &c.  Even 
the  tree  itself  has  now  disappeared.  The  residents 
on  the  hill  (at  that  time  chiefly  Quakers)  were 
unanimous  as  to  its  removal,  fearing  lest  by  a 
sudden  downfall  it  might  occasion  injury  either, 
to  themselves  or  their  houses.  Its  original  posi- 
tion is  indicated  by  an  iron  plate  fixed  in  the 
road ;  which  plate,  I  believe,  bears  the  date  of  its 
insertion,  but,  owing  to  the  frequent  and  heavy 
falls  of  snow  lately,  my  endeavours  to  clear  the 
surface  sufficiently  to  read  the  inscription  have 
proved  altogether  useless. 

In  the  reign  of  John,  Rochester  Castle,  it  is  said, 
held  out  during  a  siege  of  six  months,  and  it  was 
during  this  period  that  the  hill  was  thrown  up. 
It  is  situated  on  the  south-west  side  of  the  castle. 
Old  inhabitants  of  the  city  still  say  '' Bulli/  Hill." 
Its  present  residents  have  no  privileges  or  cus- 


S'd  S.  XI.  Feb.  9,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


125 


toms  differing  from  those  of  the  citizens  in  general. 
I  am  aware  that  I  have  not  answered  all  your 
querist's  interrogatories,  but  the  ahove  may  per- 
haps lead  him  to  a  further  knowledge  of  this 
subject.  Eleanoke  Iv . 

Male  ai^d  FETiiALE  Births  (S'"  S.  x.  26,  76, 
117.) — I  think  I  have  somewhere  seen  it  asserted 
that  excess  of  female  births  is  not  only  the  pro- 
bable cause,  but  the  certain  result  of  polygamy. 
Does  our  census  of  illegitimate  births  in  any  way 
support  this  assertion?  Or  does  the  experience 
of  the  Mormons  favour  it  ?  Professor  Thury,  of 
Geneva,  published  some  time  in  1861  a  pamphlet 
on  The  Laic  which  regulates  the  Sex  of  Plants  and 
Animals  —  a  subject  of  great  interest  to  the 
breeders  of  live-stock  of  all  descriptions.  Atten- 
tion was  called  to  this  pamphlet  in  the  twenty- 
fifth  volume  of  the  Journal  of  the  Royal  Agricul- 
tural Society  of  England;  but  I  have  not  yet 
learned  whether  the  Professor's  views  have  been 
foimd  correct  in  relation  to  the  lower  animals; 
and  when  this  has  been  ascertained,  it  will  still 
be  a  moot  point  whether  the  human  species  obeys 
the  same  law.  Yetan  Rheged. 

.Tames  Guleat,  Caeicattjrist,  and  the  Penn 
Family  (.3'-*  S.  xi.  38.)— "Mr.  Richard  Penn,  the 
last  of  the  family  of  the  renowned  Quaker,''  says 
your  correspondent  $.  Is  the  latter  correct  in 
saying  so  ?  In  the  wiU  of  Mrs.  Catherine  Franck- 
lyn,  of  Gloster  Place,  Portmau  Square  (proved  in 
London  in  1831),  it  will  be  seen  that  this  very 
Mr.  Richard  Penn  is  described  as  her  cousin, 
and  in  the  same  category  of  relatives  as  members 
of  two  families  named  Lawrence  and  her  niece 
Anne  Edgar. 

The  particular  Lawi'ence  family,  extinct  in  the 
male  line,  through  which  Mrs.  Francklyn  (wee 
Lawrence,  daughter  of  Lawrence  Lawrence  by 
his  wife  Susanna,  daughter  of  John  Lawrence  and 
Isister  of  Mary,  grandmother  of  the  first  Lord 
Abinger,)  derived  her  connection  with  the  Penns, 
is  supposed  (excuse  the  objectionable  word)  to  be 
identical  with  that  of  the  Sir  Thomas  Lawrence  of 
Iver,  who  was  Secretary  of  Maryland  imder 
Governor  Seymour  in  1696  ;  and  who  is  supposed 
to  be  buried  at  Chelsea,  although  there  is  proof 
that  the  secretary  of  Governor  Seymour  died  in 
Maryland, 

There  was  a  close  relationship  between  the 
families  of  Lawrence,  Allan,  Mastens,  Francis,*  and 
Penn,  between  1700  and  1780. 

Mrs.  Francklyn's  paternal  famih'  of  Lawrence 
must  not  be  confounded  with  her  maternal  family 
of  ihe  same  name — they  were  quite  distinct. 

I  myself  possess  a  very  extensive  and  authentic 
MS.  pedigree  of  the  Penn  family,  which  con- 


*  The  pedigree  of  Sir  Philip  Francis  Tvould  throw  a 
light  on  this. 


vinces  me  that,  although  the  male  line  may  be 
extinct,  there  are  many  representatives  of  it  in 
the  female.  Spal. 

Valentin^es  (B'"''  S.  xi.  37.) — However  ancient 
may  be  the  custom  of  choosing  valentines,  that 
of  se)iding  them  I  believe  to  be  of  comparatively 
recent  date.  Brand,  Hone,  and  all  the  best 
authorities  on  folk-lore,  including  Notes  is;  Queries 
itself,  may  be  searched  in  vain  for  evidence  of 
sending  valentines  being  an  old  custom.  It  pro- 
bably does  not  date  from  earlier  than  the  begin- 
ning of  the  last  century,  when  it  seems  valentines 
were  sometimes  di-awn  by  lot,  and  accordingly  in 
the  British  Apollo  for  January,  1711  (vol.  iii. 
No.  130),  we  find  a  querist  asking — supposing  he 
has  selected  a  valentine  of  the  fair  sex,  whether 
he  or  she  ought  to  make  the  present;  and  his 
query,  which  is  in  rhyme,  proceeds — 

"  Suppose  I  'm  her  choice, 
And  the  better  to  show  it 
Mj'  Ticket  she  wears, 

That  the  whole  Town  may  know  it." 

The  Tickets  here  alluded  to,  whether  drawn  or 
selected,  were  doubtless  often  sent  to  the  chosen 
fair,  and  the  transition  from  such  ticket  to  the 
present  valentine  is  a  very  simple  one ;  and  in 
this  old  custom,  therefore,  we  have,  no  doubt,  the 
origin  of  the  present  fashion.  W.  J.  T. 

Positions  in  Sleeping  (S"^"^  S.  ix.  474,  522.) — 
The  following  may  be  of  interest,  though  it  has 
but  the  authority  of  a  newspaper :  — 

'■'■A  Tiling  Truly  Worth  Knowing. — An  old  doctor  of 
Magdeburg  has  discovered  the  means  of  living  a  long 
time,  and  has  left  the  information  in  his  will  to  the  world. 
He  died  at  the  age  of  108.  Here  is  the  recipe  of  Dr. 
Fischwetler  :  —  •'  Let  the  body  recline  as  often  as  possible 
during  the  day  quite  flat  on  the  ground,  the  head  point- 
ing due  north,  and  the  feet  due  south,  by  which  means 
the  electric  current  will  pass  through  the  bodj^ ;  but  by 
all  means,  and  in  any  situation,  let  the  bed  be  due  north 
and  south."  —  South  Durham  and  Cleveland  3Iercury, 
Feb.  3, 1866. 

W.  C.  B. 

CocKBTJEN  or  Oemiston  (3^^  S.  xi.  52.)  — For 
Cockbum  o^  Arnieston,  read  Cockburn  of  Ormiston. 
The  latter  is  the  name  of  a  parisli  in  the  coimty 
of  Haddington,  and  the  estate  of  Ormiston  com- 
prises almost  the  whole  parish.  Considerably 
more  than  a  century  ago,  the  estate  was  sold  by 
Cockbum  to  the  Earl  of  Hopeton,  to  whose  de- 
scendant it  now  belongs.  G. 
Edinburgh. 

The  Most  Christian  King's  Geeat  Geand- 
mothek  (B'^  S.  xi.  76.) — This  princess  was  born 
April  11,  1644.  Her  name  was  Maria  Johanna 
Baptista.  She  was  daughter  of  the  Duke  of 
jVemours,  who  was  killed  in  a  duel  by  the  Duke 
of  Beaufort,  his  brother-in-law.  She  married 
Charles  Emmanuel  II.,  Duke  of  Savoj',  on  whose 


126 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[3>-i  S.  XI.  Feb.  9,  '67. 


death  she  became  Duchess  Regent  during  the 
minority  of  her  son.  Her  conduct  in  that  high 
position  caused  her  to  be  much  respected  by  all 
crowned  heads,  who  gave  her  the  title  of  Madame 
Royale.  Her  magnificence,  aftability,  and  charity 
gained  her  the  loving  affection  of  all  ranks  of  her 
people.  She  died  on  March  15, 1724,  being  with- 
in a  month  of  eighty  years  of  age,  generally  and 
deeply  lamented,  especially  hj  the  poor.  She  was 
interred  on  Zdarch  22,  in  the  royal  vault  of  the 
cathedral  of  St.  John,  at  Turin.  '  Her  heart  was 
conveyed,  at  her  own  request,  in  a  silver  box,  to 
the  convent  of  Carmelite  nuns,  to  whom  she  left 
a  legacy  of  20,000  livres. 

Her  son,  who  had  become  King  of  Sardinia, 
survived  her.  She  was  great  grandmother  to  the 
King  of  France,  and  also  to  the  King  of  Spain. 
Louis  XY.  of  France  had  attained  the  age  of 
fifteen  years  just  before  her  death.  The  mourning 
for  her  by  the  king  and  court  of  France  com- 
menced on  April  2  (0.  S.),  and  was  ordered  to 
continue  for  four  months  and  a  half.  The  expense 
therefore  charged  by  the  British  ambassador  at 
Paris  for  putting  his  family  into  mourning  was 
rightly  incurred,  and  allowed  by  George  I.,  as  a 
mark  of  national  respect  to  the  young  monarch, 
with  whom  we  were  at  the  time  in  close  alliance. 

W.  Lee. 

"  LiYDTGS  "  (3'"  S.  si.  35.)— The  answer  to  your 
correspondent's  enquiry  about  this  term  involves 
a  description  of  a  state  of  society  and  of  the 
arrangements  of  property  which  are  rapidly  be- 
coming of  the  things  that  were,  but  which  are  so 
curious  that  they  are  worth  notice  in  your 
"  N.  &  Q." 

Many  parishes  in  Dorsetshire  and  Wiltshire  were 
formerly  divided  after  the  following  fashion  : — 

1.  A  farm  of  say  800  acres  attached  to  the 
manor-house,  and  called  the  "  Lord's  farm,"  or 
"  Manor  farm,"  consisting  of  meadow,  arable  land, 
down,  and  coppice. 

2.  A  certain  number,  say  twenty-two  "  livings." 
Each  of  these  had  originally  a  small  farmhouse,  a 
mead,  a  few  acres  of  coppice,  and  about  twenty- 
four  acres  of  arable,  scattered  in  small  slips  of  one 
to  four  acres,  over  three  large  fields,  called 
"tenantry  fields."  Besides  this,  each  living  had 
four  "cow  leases,"  or  the  right  to  turn  that  num- 
ber of  cattle  upon  the  common ;  also  a  right  to 
turn  forty  sheep  upon  the  common  down.  Also, 
each  holder  of  a  "living"  had  the  right  to  let 
his  cattle  and  pigs  run  "  at  shack  "  over  the  whole 
of  the  tenantry  fields  after  harvest.  It  is  a  curious 
question  whether  these  holders  of  livings  were 
the  bordarii  or  villani  of  Domesday-book.  They 
were  not  copyholders,  for  no  manorial  rights  ex- 
tended beyond  the  manor  farm,  excepting  the 
right  of  game  and  of  keeping  the  pound.  The 
perfect  isolation  of  the  manor  farm,  and  the  sort 


of  community  of  the  tenantrj^,  point  out  a  curious 
state  of  societ}'. 

The  glebe  consisted  of  two  "  livings." 

In  process  of  time  these  livings  became  con- 
solidated into  larger  farms,  and  ultimately  the 
operation  of  the  Enclosures  Acts  put  an  end  to 
this  curious  state  of  things.  Davis's  Survey  of 
Wiltshire  gives  a  very  accurate  description  of  this 
arrangement. 

This  parish,  until  within  the  last  few  years, 
bore  the  traces  of  the  old  system  in  the  curious 
division  of  the  "  tenantry  fields  "  into  about  three 
hundred  strips,  incurring  great  waste  of  room  and 
inconvenience  in  farming. 

In  this  parish  the  "  Lord  "  retained  a  half  living, 
that  his  cattle  might  hare  a  right  to  the  parish 
pond.  Each  living  had  a  name — "  Stagshead," 
"Buddens,"  &c. — which  are  still  borne  by  many 
of  the  cottages  which  were  formerly  attached  to 
the  homesteads.  Robekt  Howard. 

Ashmore,  Dorset. 

PsALX  A2fD  Htmx  Tij^-es  (3"^  S,  xi.  40.)  — 
The  answer  of  T.  J.  B.  in  your  last  number  re- 
quires, I  think,  some  little  supplementing.  The 
first  psalm  tunes  were,  as  he  intimates,  named 
from  the  numbers  of  the  psalms  to  which  they 
were  affixed.  Tliese  tunes  were,  however,  soon 
followed  by  other  tunes  not  affixed  to  any  psalms 
particularly.  These  tunes  were  called  "common" 
tunes,  and  the  older  ones  distinguished  as  the 
"  proper"  tunes.  The  first  of  the  additional  tunes 
seems  to  have  had  no  other  name  np  to  the  time 
of  its  disuse  than  that  of  "  the  old  common  tune." 
The  second,  probably,  was  one  which  bore  the 
name  of  "  the  new  common  tune."  As  new 
tunes  were  added,  it  became  necessary  to  distin- 
guish them  more  clearly,  and  they  were  named, 
naturally  enough,  from  the  place  of  their  first  use : 
still,  however,  unless  my  memory  misleads  me^ 
they  at  first  bore  the  full  title  of  "  common  tunes," 
as  "  London  common  tune,"  "  York  common 
tune,"  Very  soon  the  word  "common"  was 
dropped  from  the  name,  though  still  used  as  a 
descriptive  word.  Gradually,  the  proportion  of  the 
one  kind  of  tunes  to  the  other  changed.  The 
common  tunes  became  numerous ;  the  proper  tunes 
dropped  into  disuse.  This  was  probably  through 
the  circumstance  that  many  of  the  proper  tunes 
were  written  in  the  old  modes,  and  were  difficult 
to  harmonise,  and  when  harmonised  were  difficult 
to  sing,  A  few  of  them  received  a  place  among 
the  common  tunes,  and  were  re-named.  The 
new  names  in  their  cases  were  not  local,  "  St, 
Michael,"  the  Old  134th,  is  one  of  these ;  "  St. 
Edmund's,"  Old  113th,  another ;  and  "  St.  Bartho- 
lomew," Old  124th,  a  third.  There  are  few,  if  any, 
others.  Some  of  the  old  proper  tunes  have  been 
recently  brought   into   use,    but  they  generally 


S^'i  S.  XL  Feb.  0,  'G7.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


12< 


bear  local  names  wLicli  I  think  are  of  modern 
imputation. 

The  Old  Hundredth,  which  is  by  no  means  the 
only  one  of  the  original  set  in  common  use,  as 
T.  J.  B.  seems  to  .think,  at  one  time  (about  1740) 
bore  the  name  of  "  Savoy,"  but  the  older  name 
has  reasserted  itself.  The  Old  Hundredth,  hoTv- 
ever,  is  a  second  name,  for  the  tune  originally  is 
said  to  have  been  prefixed  to  and  bore  the  name 
of  the  134th  Psalm. 

Another  set  of  tunes  have  always  borne  the 
names  of  their  composers,  as  Tallis,  Tye,  Farrant. 
There  are  but  few  of  these  personally-named 
tunes,  as  a  composer  could  only  give  his  'name  to 
one.  I  think  these  tunes  are  strictly  Church  of 
England  tunes,  and  not  simply  Puritan  or  Eefor- 
mation  tunes,  as  the  others  might  be  considered. 

The  practice  of  naming  tunes  from  places  con- 
tinued almost  universal  until  the  middle  of  the 
last  century.  Then  the  practice  was  begun  of 
naming  tunes  from  the  subject  or  sentiment  of  the 
hymn  to  -which  they  were  set,  as  Adoration, 
Endless  Praise, Invocation.  These  were,  in  charac- 
ter, "proper"  tunes;  and  innumerable  have  been 
the  absurdities  occasioned  by  using  them  as  "com- 
mon tunes  "  and  singing  to  them  hymns  to  which 
their  fugues  and  repeats  were  ill  adapted. 

"  Before  his  throne  we  bow-wow-wow-ow-wow." 
"  And  stir  this  stii- 
And  stir  this  stupid  heart  of  mine" — 

are  instances.  True,  common  tunes  were  still 
largely  composed,  and  were  usually  named  from 
places,  but  it  seems  likely  that  the  selection  of  the 
name  was  often  unregulated  by  any  reason  other 
than  the  fancy  of  the  composer,  W,  F.  0. 

Birmingham. 

Early  Quakerism  :  "  Ninth  Month  called 
November,"  Qijaker's  Coneession  of  Faith 
(3'"  S.  X.  520.)— I  am  surprised  that  M.  D.,  with 
the  acquaintance  he  shows  of  early  Quakerism, 
should  have  put  sic  against  the  statement,  "  ninth 
month  called  November,"  as  if  in  1713  this  had 
been  anything  strange.  For  the  Act  for  the 
change  of  style  (24  Geo.  II.  cap.  23)  enacts 
(sect.  1)  that  "  the  supputation  according  to  which 
the  year  of  our  Lord  began  on  the  2oth  day  of 
March,  should  not  be  made  use  of  from  and  after 
the  last  day  of  December,  1751 ;  and  that  the  first 
day  of  January  next  following  .  .  .  should  be 
reckoned,  taken,  deemed,  and  accounted  to  be  the 
first  day  of  the  year  of  our  Lord  1752,"  &c.  Be- 
fore this  the  Quakers,  in  common  with  all  others 
in  England,  reckoned  March  as  the  first  month, 
and  so  on;  but  this  computation  they  then  for- 
mally changed.  To  prevent,  however,  confusion 
as  to  which  month  was  meant,  they  added  the 
common  name  in  their  marriage  certificates  until 
the  year  1800,  when  it  was  dropped. 


When  the  Quakers  were  permitted  to  make 
their  solemn  affirmation,  instead  of  an  oath  in 
the  usual  form,  they  accepted  a  confession  of  faith, 
which  is  inserted  in  the  Act  of  1  Will.  IV. 
cap.  18:  — 

"  I,  A.  B.,  profess  faith  in  God  the  Father  and  in  Jesns 
Christ  His  eternal  Son,  the  true  God,  and  in  the  Holy 
Spirit,  one  God  blessed  for  evermore  ;  and  do  acknow- 
ledge the  Holy  Scriptures  of  the  Old  and  New  Testament 
to  be  given  by  divine  inspiration." 

Why  is  this  declaration  omitted  when  an  affirm- 
ation is  administered  to  a  Quaker  ?  Can  any  one, 
on  making  this  declaration,  take  an  affirmation  as 
a  Quaker  ?  Ljllius, 

"SicH  A  gettin'  up  Stairs"  (3"^''  S.  x.  456.)— 
If  C.  A.  W,  really  inquires  the  meaning  of  the 
above,  he  is  respectfully  informed  it  is  the  name 
of  a  very  comic  "  Nigger  song,"  introduced  about 
twent}'  years  since.  p,  p, 

De.  Pye's  Punning  Inscription  (3'*  S.  x. 
472.) — "  Vive  pins,  et  moriere  plus."  I  do  not  ap- 
prehend this  is  original,  and  I  should  be  glad  to 
know  in  what  author  the  quotation  is  to  be  found. 
I  have  seen  the  same  words  inscribed  on  a  tomb 
of  modern  date.  The  s